RecordU. S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREAugust 28, 1973

Vol. XXV, No. 18 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Dr. Otto Bessey, NIEHS/Named Assoc. Director,Extramural Programs

Dr. Otto A. Bessey has beennamed associate director for Ex-

, tramural Programs, National In-stitute of Environmental HealthSciences in Research TrianglePark, N.C. Dr. Bessey, who has

- been with NIEHS since 1967, hasbeen serving as acting associatedirector.

During his tenure at the Insti-tute he has also been special as-sistant to the NIEHiS Director andhead of the Special ProjectsBranch, Extramural Programs.Duties Described

Dr. Bessey will divide his timebetween his offices in ResearchTriangle Park and in the West-wood Bldg. He will coordinate allNIEHS extramural program plan-ning, formulate major policies gov-erning those activities, and directscientists and administrators incarrying out the programs.

Dr. Bessey will have liaison andadvisory responsibilities to otherNIH programs and to agencies

: outside NIH, principally the En-vironmental Protection Agencyand the Food and Drug Adminis-tration.

He will also serve as a full vot-ing member of the NIH ExecutiveCommittee for Extramural Activi-ties—the major advisory group to

* the NIH Director on extramuralmatters.Education Noted

Dr. Bessey received his B.A. de-gree from the University of Mon-tana, and his Ph.D. in biochemis-try from the University of Pitts-burgh.

He began his career as a re-search assistant at Columbia Uni-versity and as a clinical biochem-ist at Margaret Hague Hospital.From 1934 to 1942 he was at theHarvard Medical School a n dSchool of Public Health as an as-sociate in pathology and biochem-istry.

He left the university to helpdevelop the Public Health Re-search Institute of the City of NewYork. Later, he became directorof the Institute and chief of the

(See DR. BESSEY, Page 5)

2 Noted Scientists, Dr. Margaret Mead,Dame Janet Vaughan, Are FIC Scholars

Two eminent women scientists have been appointed Fogarty Scholars-in-Residence.

This is the first time women have been invited to join this prestigiousgroup of scientists from all overthe world who continue their stud-ies at NIH, lecture, write, andmeet with other researchers on thecampus.

One of t h e newly appointedscholars is Dr. Margaret Mead,world-famed anthropologist; t h eother is Dame Janet Vaughan, anoutstanding British pathologistwho was knighted for her workduring World War II.

Dr. Mead, who will arrive onThursday (Aug. 30), has been as-sociated with the American Mu-seum of Natural History in NewYork for most of her career. Now,she is the museum's Curator Emer-itus of Ethnology, and she is alsoadjunct professor of anthropologyat Columbia University.

Dr. Mead, a graduate of Bar-nard College and Columbia Uni-versity, has received 18 honorarydegrees. Her books on her pro-lific studies of the peoples of the-Southwest Pacific area have madeher one of the few anthropologistswhose name is almost a "house-hold word."

In May of 1971, the Hall of thePeoples of the Pacific was openedat the Museum of Natural History.The work is an exhibit of 45 yearsof Dr. Mead's endeavors.

She is a Fellow of the AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences andthe World Academy of Arts andSciences. She is also a member ofother scientific organizations.

Dame Janet Vaughan

Dr. Margaret Mead

Dr. Mead's autobiography—Black-berry Winter—My Earlier Tears—v;as published last year. She willremain a Fogarty Scholar throughDecember and will live in StoneHouse.

Dame Janet Vaughan will arriveon Monday, Sept. 3, and stay untilearly December. She will also re-side in Stone House.

During World W a r II, DameJanet served as Director of theMedical Research Council North-west London Blood Supply Depot.

After the war, she was appointedprincipal of Somerville College, awomen's college at Oxford Univer-sity. Dame Janet received both herundergraduate and medical degreesfrom that university.

Dame Janet most recently servedas Honorary Director, Medical Re-search Unit for Research on Bone-Seeking Isotopes, in Oxford.

She has written two books—The Physiology of Bone, publishedin 1970, and The Effects of Irradia-tion on the Skeleton, which waspublished this year.

She has also written and hadpublished a number of articles onblood diseases, blood transfusion,and the metabolism and biologicalimportance of radioactive nuclides.

Dame Janet is a recipient ofhonorary degrees and has servedon a number of scientific commit-tees and commissions in England.

Intensive Five-YearPlan for FightingCancer Announced

Documents on the National Can-cer Program Plan and two annualreports of that Program were re-ceived by President Nixon on Aug.17. The reports, submitted by Dr.Frank J. Rauscher, Jr., NationalCancer Institute Director, wererecommended by Dr. Rauscher andthe National Cancer AdvisoryBoard.

The documents detail a 5-yearstrategic plan for research in fight-ing cancer. The documents are:

1) The Report of the Directordescribes expanded and intensifiedbiomedical research unparalleled inhistory. In this report, Dr. Rausch-er said, "The two broad thrusts ofthe National Cancer Program re-search strategy are a renewed com-mitment to basic exploratory re-search, and an intensified emphasison quickly following up new scien-tific leads . . . "

In further explaining, D r .Rauscher stated, "Our ability to putusable knowledge and tools intothe hands of practicing physicians

(Continued on Page 5)

Dr. Ray D. Owen AppointedTo President's Cancer PanelDr. Ray D. Owen, a special-

ist in genetics, has been ap-pointed by President Nixon tothe President's Cancer Panel.Dr. Owen, a professor of biol-ogy at the California Instituteof Technology, fills the postformerly held by Dr. RobertA. Good, Memorial Sloan-Ket-tering Institute.

The White House also an-nounced the reappointment ofBenno C. Schmidt as chairmanof the panel. Mr. Schmidt is amember of J. H. Whitney &Co. in New York.

The third member of t h epanel is Dr. R. Lee Clark,Houston, Tex.

Dr. Philippe Shubik hasbeen appointed to a vacancy onthe National Cancer AdvisoryBoard. Dr. Shubik is Directorof the Eppley Institute f o rResearch in Cancer, Univer-sity of Nebraska.

Page 2 August 28,1973 THE NIH RECORD

RecordPublished biweekly at Bethesda, Md., by the Publications and ReportsBranch, Office of Information, for the information of employees of theNational Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, and circulated by request to interested writers and to investi-gators in the field of biomedical and related research. The content isreprintable without permission. Pictures are available on request.The NIH Record reserves the right to make corrections, changes or dele-tions in submitted copy in conformity with the policies of the paper andthe Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

NIH Record Office Bldg. 3 1 , Rm. 2B-03. Phone 49-62125

Editor ". Frances W. DavisAssistant Editor Fay LevieroStaff Writer Ed Driseoll

Staff CorrespondentsADA, Melissa Howard; CC, Thalia Roland; DCRT, Joan Chase; DRG,Sue Meadows; DRR, Jerry Gordon; DRS, Cora M. Suit; PIC, Lois P.Meng; NCI, Robert J. Avery; NEI, Bonnie Friedman; NHLI, BillSanders; NIAID, Krin Larson; NIAMDD, Pat Gorman; NICHD, KathyKowalczyk; NIDR, Sue Hannon; NIEHS, Elizabeth Y. James; NIGMS,Wanda Warddell; NIMH, Ed Long; NINDS, Carolyn Holstein; NLM,Ruth E. Armstrong.

NIH Nursery School AimsTo Fill Quota by Sept. 10The NIH Child Development

Center is seeking to fill thenursery school's quota of 50pupils by Sept. 10. Applicationforms are available in Bldg.31, Room 2B-51.

For further information callVirginia Burke, Ext. 61811.

3 More Parts of PHSGrants, Awards Series,FY 1972 Issued by DRG

Parts IV, V, and VI of the seven-part series Public Health ServiceGrants and Awards, Fiscal YearISIS Funds have been published bythe Division of Research Grants.

Parts IV and V, in one volume,contain the health manpower edu-cation grants and the grants forloans and scholarships administeredby the Bureau of Health ManpowerEducation. Part V presents grantsawarded by FDA.

(Summary tables of NIH supportby program, state or country, city,and organization are contained inPart VI. In addition, a summarytabulation of NIH grants andawards by the supporting compo-nent is presented.

Single copies of the combinedParts IV and V volume (DHEWPublication No. (NIH) 73-193)and the Part VI volume (DHEWPublication No. (NIH) 73-194) areavailable free from DRG.

Multiple copies of both volumesmay be purchased from the Super-intendent of Documents, U.S. Gov-ernment Printing Office, Washing-ton, D.C. 20402. Parts IV and Vare $2.10 postpaid or $1.75 at theGPO Bookstore, Part VI is $3.10postpaid or $2,75 at the bookstore,

Resident in Pulmonary MedicineNamed tc NHLI Advisory Council

Dr. Barry A. Gray of the Uni-versity of Rochester has been ap-pointed to the National Heart andLung Advisory Council, NHLI. Histerm runs through September 1976.Appointment Explained

Dr. Gray, a resident in pulmon-ary medicine, is the first appointeeto fulfill the requirement of theNational Heart, Blood Vessel,Lung, and Blood Act of 1972, Sec-tion 417, which states, "two of theappointed members shall be se-lected from persons enrolled in res-idency programs providing train-ing in heart, blood vessel, lung orblood diseases."

Eunice Lewis, a DCRT computer aid,was selected third runner-up in theMiss Black America contest held dur-ing the recent District of Columbiapageant. Miss Lewis, who receivedseveral prizes including $100, waschosen not only for her pulchritude,but also for her singing ability. Thepageant was televised on Channel 7.

Lecture Series on Blood Banking Videotaped;M. McGinniss, CC, Explains Immunohematology

A series of lectures on various aspects of blood banking have beenvideotaped by the Food and Drug Administration to train their bloodbank inspectors.

Five of the lectures were givenMary McGinniss, a research biolo-gist in the Clinical Center's BloodBank.

Ms. McGinniss discussed immu-nohematology. In her lecture shedescribed t h e cross-match testused to determine patient-donorcompatibility.

When foreign antigens fromdonor blood are introduced into arecipient, she explained, sensitiza-tion sometimes occurs.

This process is similar to pre-ventive immunization for a dis-ease, but in blood transfusion theend result can be harmful ratherthan protective.

The cross-match test, the mostimportant part of the procedure,detects a patient's state of sensi-tization to foreign red blood cells.It is the reaction of the patient'sserum to the actual cells to betransfused.

Compatibility testing, includingthe cross match, utilizes saline,albumin, enzyme, and indirectCoombs techniques.

The antibody screening test isan integral part of compatibilitytesting and is a process by whichthe recipient's serum is reactedwith several known red cells toseek a positive reaction.

If one is found, the recipient'sserum is reacted with many known

ly FDA employees; the

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New NEI Booklet GivesStatistics on BlindnessBased on 16-State Study

Nonwhite women may be asmuch as three times more vulner-able to blindness from diabeticretinopathy—a progressive disor-der of the retinal blood vessels—than either white women or menof any race, the National Eye In-stitute reports.

This finding is based on statis-tics gathered from registered blindpersons in 16 states and compiledin NEI's new booklet, Statistics onBlindness in the Model ReportingArea, 1969-1970.

The pamphlet classifies personsadded to each state's registry byage, color, sex, visual acuity, agewhen blinded, causes of blindness,and other factors.

The study also shows that blind-ness rates in general are higheramong nonwhites than whites inthe Model Reporting Area. Thegreatest difference occurs in glau-coma, which is eight times moreprevalent among the nonwhitepopulation.

It is not certain, however, wheth-er these apparent high rates ofblindness among nonwhites aredue to a more complete registrationamong this population group, or

Ms. McGinniss points out advantagesof cross-match testing during the vid-eotaping.

red cells to identify the antibodycausing the reaction.

Once an antibody is identified,only donor blood without the anti-gen is cross matched.Staffers Take New Role

In July 1972 responsibility forinspecting and licensing all bloodbanks in the country was trans-ferred from NIH to the Bureau ofBiologies.

The CC Blood Bank began aclose liaison with the new organi-zation, and CC staffers assumedan advisory role.

Under an informal training pro-gram recently established, about75 people spent 3 hours in theBlood Bank.

During t h a t time, a workingtour of the facility was conductedfor participants to observe day-to-day blood banking techniques.

whether there actually is an in-creased risk of blindness for non-whites.

Evidence suggests that whilenonwhite reporting may be some-what more complete, that factoralone is not sufficient to accountfor the difference in blindnessrates.

Another significant finding re-vealed by the study is that theonly sizable male-female differenceobserved for both whites and non-whites is the increased risk ofblindness due to optic nerve dis-ease for males.

Single copies of the publicationare available free from the NEIOffice of Information.

Quantities can be purchasedfrom the Superintendent of Docu-ments, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, for $2.10 postpaid or $1.75at the GPO Bookstore,

THE NIH RECORD August 28, 1973 Page 3

Dr. Wm. FriedewaldHeads NHLI Branch

Dr. William T. Friedewald wasrecently named chief of the Na-tional Heart and Lung Institute'sClinical Trials Branch. This branchis part of the NHLI Office of theAssociate Director for Clinical Ap-plications and Prevention.

Dr. Friedewald's branch plansand directs Institute-supported clin-ical research on new drugs anddevices used in the prevention orclinical management of cardiovas-cular disease.

Dr. Friedewald graduated fromthe University of Notre Dame in1960. After receiving his M.D. de-gree from Yale in 1963 he servedhis internship at the Yale-NewHaven Hospital.

Following 2 years with the Na-tional Communicable Disease Cen-ter, Dr. Friedewald returned toYale, completing his residency ininternal medicine in 1968. Hespent a year of postgraduate studyin biostatistics at Stanford.

He has b e e n associated withNHLI since 1967 and joined theInstitute staff in 1969. He headedthe Consulting Section in theNHLI Biometrics Research Branchprior to his appointment as chiefof the Clinical Trials Branch.

Major studies presently being: , : • • ••

DRR's Dr. Rauh Is All for Understanding CC Blood Bank to EndComputer Systems—So He Designs One Donor Payment System

fff.Dr. Friedewald, new chief of NHLI'sClinical Trials Branch, spent 2 yearsat the National Communicable Dis-ease Center.

conducted by this branch includethe Coronary Drug Project, eval-uation of therapeutic diets usedfor hyperlipoproteinemia (a blood-lipid disorder) patients, and eval-uation and comparison of regimensfor the treatment of sickle cellanemia.

NCI Publishes 'Leucemia Infantil'A Spanish-language booklet on

childhood leukemia, Leucemia In-fantil, Folleto para los Padres, hasbeen published by NCI.

The Children's Health Center, SanDiego, provided the translation ofan NCI brochure by Gary Gold-smith and Drs. Stanford B. Fried-

Dr. Michael Oxman (far right), BRB health scientist administrator, conducts aworkshop session for PROPHET users. The researchers compared their experi-ences and delved into new applications. The PROPHET national network nowincludes 30 users at five medical research institutions.—Photos by Jerry Gordon.

Dr. William F. Raub, a Division of Research Resources investigator,believes that "a computer should be easily used and routinely, just likea telephone."

Dr. Raub, chief of the Biotechnology Resources Branch, DRR, is talk-ing specifically about the systemconceived and supported by BRB Dr. Raub evolved a new computerfor scientists engaged in pharma- language, and several other inno-cology-toxicology research. The vative features for the system sosystem is named PROPHET.

And as Dr. Raub explained, "Oneof the primary goals of this sys-tem is to make it useful to thecomputer-naive scientist on aneveryday basis."

Recently, the first meeting ofPROPHET users was held atWaltham, Mass., where the com-puter equipment is housed and op-erated by First Data Corporationof that city.

Investigators at the meetingagreed that the PROPHET systemsaved hours—and sometimes days—of tedious work. The system wasevolved for researchers to manipu-late their own data in order toanalyze it and test hypotheses.

The programs placed in the com-puter are those most needed bypharmacology-toxicology research-ers. BRB makes available theseparticular combinations of pro-grams.

By a series of simple commands—depressing of coded keys on theterminal unit or typing simplecomputer-understanding phrases—•the user can readily interrogateor alter the data that is presented.The computer is also capable ofmaking1 graphs.

PROPHET collaborators, BoltBeranek and Newman, Inc., and

man, Myron R. Karon and EdwardS. Henderson.

Free copies of the 13-page book-let are available from the PublicAffairs Office, NCI, Bethesda, Md.20014.

scientists would have an integratedset of powerful, but easy-to-usecomputer tools.

Typical PROPHET-aided inves-tigations include correlation ofdrug metabolite information invarious animal species, liver me-tabolism studies, and insulin clear-ance in renal insufficiency analysis.

Dr. Raub (r) consults with PROPHETuser Dr. Bernard Ransil, Boston CityHospital, Harvard Medical Unit. Dr.Raub, who is also the PROPHET pro-ject director, has been working withcontractors, advisers, and staff forover 5 years to develop this highlyspecialized system for studying chem-ical-biological interrelationships.

Scientists supported by most NIHcomponents use the system. Termi-nals are located at five medical re-search institutions. They are:

Northeastern University, chem-

Beginning Oct. 1 the ClinicalCenter Blood Bank will discontinueits policy of reimbursing donorsfor every other blood donation. Theblood assurance program, however,will remain in effect.

NIH blood donors who make avoluntary donation at the ClinicalCenter before Oct. 1 may makeone final paid donation within 3months. No further payments willbe made after this time for bloodto be used for transfusion to CCpatients.

Complies With PolicyNIH blood donors now receive

$25 for every other donation. Thechange, Blood Bank chief Dr. PaulSchmidt explains, is in compliancewith HEW Secretary Caspar Wein-berger's recent recommendation ofa nationwide all-volunteer blooddonor policy.

The recommendation was madeby a special HEW task force ofwhich Dr. Schmidt was a member.The group was formed to studyblood supply problems in this coun-try.

Their proposal was based on evi-dence that commercial blood car-ries a higher risk of post-transfu-sion hepatitis than voluntarily do-nated blood. The risk is 10 timesgreater with commercial blood, ac-cording to a OC Blood Bank study.

States Reason"The best way to eliminate the

use of commercial blood nation-ally," Dr. Schmidt points out, "isto discontinue payment for bloodanywhere. We felt we had to startat home."

Blood donated at NIH will con-tinue to be recorded so that bloodneeded by NIH employees andtheir families at local hospitals, oranywhere in t h e country, willbe replaced or credited as re-quested.

Bring a FriendDr. iSchmidt says he is confident

that NIH employees who havebeen regular donors in the pastwill continue in the future andurges them to bring a friend whenthey come to donate.

He points to Japan which suc-cessfully converted from 2 percentvoluntary donations to 95 percentover the period f r o m 1963 to1970.

istry department, Boston; HarvardMedical Unit, Boston City Hos-pital; University of PittsburghSchool of Medicine, pharmacologydepartment; NIEHS, Research Tri-angle Park, N.C., and Mount SinaiSchool of Medicine, department ofpharmacology.

BRB eventually plans to makePROPHET available to additionalbiomedical researchers throughoutthe Nation.

Page 4 August 28, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

Marine Biologists Meet to Help IdentifyProblems Involved in Invertebrate Studies

In an effort to help identify resource-related problems which exist inthe marine invertebrate research area, a panel of 20 prominent marinebiologists was recently brought together on the NIH campus by theAnimal Resources Branch of theDivision of Research Resources.

Problems involved in the collec-tion, culturing, and study of oceanmarine organisms as laboratoryanimal models for biomedical re-search were investigated and sum-marized by the panel representingmarine invertebrate supply firms,universities, private research in-stitutes, and governmental agen-cies.

Recognizing the broad scope ofthe field (no one knows for certainhow many marine invertebratesthere are), the scientists confined

A starfish's regenerative powers re-main a scientific wonder to aquaticresearchers. From only a small partof its central disc or from a piece ofits arm only 2/5 of an inch long, astarfish can reproduce itself. Whencut in half, each part will grow intotwo animals in about 3 months.

their considerations to three majorcategories of species used for bio-medical research.

They are:• Mollusks — oysters, clams,

squid, abalone, and snails;• Arthropods — crabs, lobsters,

shrimp, and barnacles, and• Echinoderms — starfish, sea

urchins, and sea cucumbers.The groups of organisms are be-

coming increasingly valuable tothe biomedical community becauseof the unique advantages theyoffer scientists.

Many of t h e organisms havesimple anatomical and physiologi-cal systems and can be investi-gated with ease.

Probably the most frustratingaspect encountered by marine biol-ogists concerns the lack of properdiagnostic techniques to detectdiseases and assess t h e healthstatus of certain marine organ-isms.XX or XY?

Researchers candidly admit thatas yet they have no method todetermine whether the animalsused in experiments are healthyor in a morbid condition. Scientistsalso lack a method of determiningthe sex of certain marine species.

Other problems discussed at themeeting include how to maintainorganisms in an artificial environ-ment prior to usage, methods ofcloser communication between ma-rine interests and the biomedicalcommunity, and supply and trans-portation.

Also discussed were problems of

The octopus has become a classicalanimal for the study of the nervoussystem. Only skin and protective mem-brane cover its brain, making surgicalmanipulation comparatively simple.As a result, the octopus brain is nowthe best mapped in the animal king-dom from a morphological standpoint.

laboratory culture and the needfor medical specialists and veter-inarians to enter the marine bio-logical field to promote the healthstatus of marine invertebrate ani-mal models.

One of t h e ARB's importantareas has been the development ofanimal models for multi-categori-cal studies related to humanhealth.

Programs in the past have dealtalmost exclusively with the devel-opment of vertebrate animal mod-els.

The branch recognizes, however,that many invertebrate animal or-ganisms offer great potential forbiomedieal research.

The barnacle has the largest muscle cells of any known animal, according tomarine biologists. The excretion from this animal—causing vise-like adhesionto boat hulls, pilings, and other objects in the water—intrigues dental re-searchers. They are attempting to unravel the mystery of "barnacle glue" forpossible use as a cement for dental fillings.

Cold Study RevealsSome Vit. C Influence;More Research Needed

Recently 190 NIH employeesparticipated in a cold study inwhich it was reported that vitaminC had a definite but small influ-ence on the frequency, duration, orseverity of colds.

However, Dr. Thomas C. Chalm-ers, Clinical Center Director andprincipal investigator for t h estudy, cautioned that this effectmay have been due to a break-down in control procedures.

A significant number of volun-teers guessed their medication andmay have been biased by thisknowledge.EHS Screens Volunteers

In fact, he said, those who re-ceived a placebo but thought theywere taking vitamin C had fewercolds than those on vitamin C whothought they were taking the pla-cebo.

The 311 volunteers for the study—conducted by CC investigators incooperation with NIAID and DC-RT scientists—were screened bythe Employee Health Service.

The CC researchers caution that

DRR Reports on StudiesUsing Marine InvertebratesSome 2)63 NIH-supported

studies are now using marineinvertebrates, reports the Pro-gram Analysis Branch of theDivision of Research Resourc-es.

Grantees of NINDS, with85 studies, lead the list ofNIH-funded users of theseinvertebrates.

Other grantees utilizing thisspecies are:NIGMS 38 NCI 12NEI 36 NIDR 10NICHD 28 NIEHS 3NHLI 26 *DRR 2NIAMDD 22 NIAID 2*Exclusive of General Research Sup-port projects.

The report reveals thatarthropods tallied highest inNIH investigations with 107,and 82 projects used mollusks.

Echinoderms were used in43 studies supported by NIH.

Panel Discusses RolePlayed by Racial BiasIn Research Findings

A comprehensive review of re-search relating to minority groupswas conducted yesterday by a spe-cial panel convened by the Na-tional Institute of Mental Healthand the American Sociological As-sociation at the Association's an-nual meeting in New York City.

A principal issue under discus-sion was whether racial bias has in-fluenced research findings.

Fifteen outstanding scholarsfrom the leading U.S. ethnic andracial groups reviewed, criticized,and responded to some of the con-troversial findings pertinent totheir own groups.

Dr. Howard Taylor of SyracuseUniversity gave a d e t a i l e dpresentation of psychological test-ing techniques which have beenused to test the I.Q. and person-ality characteristics of minoritygroups. He disputed the findingsof certain studies which purportto demonstrate an inherent in-feriority of blacks.Findings Discussed

Medical health of black stu-dents in white universities wasdiscussed by Dr. Charles V. Willieof Syracuse University. Dr. Willieand Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Direc-tor of NIMH, co-edited the book,Racism and Mental Health, pub-lished by the University of Pitts-burgh Press.

Dr. Mary S. Harper, assistantchief of the NIMH Center forStudies of Minority Group MentalHealth Programs, chaired thepanel.

additional study and evaluation isnecessary to determine conclusive-ly whether or not vitamin C iseffective against the common cold.

THE NIH RECORD August 28, 1973 Page 5

Mr. Day

Melvin S. Day AttendsU.S.-U.S.S.R. InformationSymposium in Moscow

Melvin S. Day, deputy directorof the National Library of Medi-cine, attended t h e first LLS.-U.S.S.R. Symposium on Scientificand Technical Information organ-

ized under t h eU.S. - U.S. S.R.Agreement on Co-operation in t h eFields of Scienceand Technology.

Mr. Day w a samong eight U.S.information s p e -cialists who partic-ipated in the re-cent symposium in

Moscow. Following the 2-day meet-ing, the specialists visited informa-tion organizations at Novosibirsk,Yerevan, and Kiev.

Included in the presentationswere discussions of the integratedinformation system for the SovietUnion run by the Ail-Union Insti-tute for Scientific and TechnicalInformation (VINITI), and a spe-cialized system of scientific andtechnical information services ininstrument making.

Following the symposium, t h egroup visited the VINITI, the All-Union Research Institute of Med-ical and Medico-Technical Infor-mation (VNIMI), and the StatePublic Library of the U.S.S.R. forScience and Technology (GPNTB-SSSR).

The second half of the symposi-um, planned for Oct. 1-2, will in-clude visits to NLM and the Na-tional Medical Audiovisual Centerin Atlanta.

Symposium members will defineareas for continued cooperation inthe development of scientific andtechnical information dissemina-tion, which will be reported to theJoint U.S.-U.S.S.R. Commission onCooperation in Science, scheduledfor Moscow in November.

Dr. Vincent E. Price, special assistantto the Director, NIGMS, accepts thePHS Commendation Medal "for aconsistently dedicated career in thescientific field of protein biochemis-try" from NIGMS Director, Dr. DeWittSterten, Jr.

Three NCI staff members were recently awarded the PHS CommendationMedal for superior performance by Dr. Bayard H. Morrison I I I , assistant di-rector of the Institute. From left are Dr. William A. Priester, Jr., head, Epi-zoology Section, Epidemiology Branch; Dr. Morrison; Dr. George E. Jay, chief,Program Management Branch, Cancer Control Program, and Dr. James A.Peters, director. Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention

NCI ANNOUNCES FiVE-YEAR CANCER PLAN(Continued from Page 1)

and other health professionals isdependent on both these thrusts."

Dr. Rauscher's report stressesprograms, such as cancer centers,which deliver research results topeople.

Management sharing with scien-tific and industrial groups outsideGovernment, and construction ofnew laboratory and clinical facil-ities are cited for contributing tothe expanded cancer effort.

Cooperation EmphasizedDr. Rauscher emphasizes the co-

operative aspect of the NationalCancer Program, citing cancer re-search by other NIH components,and also cancer research by volun-tary groups, private industry andon an international scale.

2) The Report of the NationalCancer Advisory Board states thatall aspects of the National CancerProgram are making progress andcalls for continuation of trainingprograms and full funding of theNational Cancer Program in 1973and 1974.

Chairman of the 23-memberBoard is Dr. Jonathan E. Rhoads,University of Pennsylvania Schoolof Medicine.

3) The Strategic Plan defines thegoal of the National Program andits seven objectives. It also includesthe major policies for conductingthe National Cancer Program, anda 5-year projection covering re-search, cancer control and cancercenters.

This projection outlines the re-search and cancer control areas tobe given high priority for imple-menting and increasing support.

The Plan resulted from 42 plan-ning sessions between October 1971and March 1972 involving 250 lab-oratory and clinical scientists in

most biomedical and clinical disci-plines. An Operational Plan is ex-pected to be completed late in fis-cal year 1974.

The demonstration role of thenew NCI Cancer Control Programis described, and the role of cancercenters as focal points of research,development and demonstration ofdetection, diagnostic and treatmenttechniques is also illustrated.

4) The Digest of Scientific Rec-ommendations for the National Can-cer Plan consists of detailed analy-ses by the 250 scientists who par-ticipated in the planning sessionsof what must be done to accomplishthe seven National Cancer Programobjectives. The objectives are:

1. Reduce the effectiveness of ex-ternal agents for producing can-cer;

2. Modify individuals in order tominimize the risk of cancer devel-opment;

3. Prevent transformation ofnormal cells to cells capable offorming cancers;Focuses on Prevention

4. Prevent progression of pre-cancerous cells to cancers, the de-velopment of cancers from precan-cerous conditions, and spread ofcancers from primary sites;

5. Achieve an accurate assess-ment of (a) the risk of developingcancer in individuals and in popu-lation groups and (b) the presence,extent and probable course of exist-ing cancers;

6. Cure cancer patients and con-trol the progress of cancers, and

7. Improve the rehabilitation ofcancer patients.

DR. BESSEY(Continued from Page 1)

Division of Physiology and Nu-trition.

For the next several years, Dr.Bessey held professorships in bio-chemistry and department chair-man posts at the University ofIllinois College of Medicine andthe University of Texas MedicalSchool.

Dr. Bessey started his Federalservice and his association withenvironmental research in 1956with the U.S. Army Natick Lab-oratories where he was associatechief of the Environmental Pro-tection Research Division.

He joined PHS in 1961 as re-search and training grants ad-ministrator for the Division of Oc-cupational Health.

In 1972 Dr. Bessey received theSuperior Service Award at theFourth Annual NIH Honor Awardsceremony.

In the midst of your illness youwill promise a goat, but when youhave recovered, a chicken will seemsufficient.—African Proverb.

Dr. Bessey will advise other NIH com-ponents and outside agencies such asEPA and FDA on human health prob-lems that may relate to environmentalagents.

Research Grants IndexAvailable for Purchase

The 1972 edition of the annualResearch Grant Index compiled bythe Research Documentation Sec-tion, Statistics a n d AnalysisBranch, DRG, contains scientificdata on some 17,000 grants andcontracts supported by HEW.

The two-volume publication, nowavailable, has been published forthe past 12 years to aid scientistsin identifying others working inlike or related fields.

Volume I lists grants and con-tracts under 6,500 subject headings.Vol. II—in two sections—containsgrants and contracts under projectnumber and principal investigatorslisted alphabetically.

Copies of the Index, DHEW PubNo. (NIH) 72-200, may be pur-chased for $21.35 per set from theSuperintendent of Documents, U.S.Government Printing Office, Wash-ington, D.C. 20402.

A few complimentary copies areavailable in the Research Docu-mentation Section, SAB/DRG, Ext67543.

Page 6 August 28, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

Twin Register of Dr. Schwartz ProvesValuable Resource for Clinical Research

The slit lamp or biomicroscope allows Dr. Schwartz to examine the anteriorportion of an identical twin's eye, especially the cornea. Her sister waits forher turn.

"Studies of twins offer interesting and valuable opportunities forgenetic and epidemiologic investigations but have found comparatively-little use in eye research, particularly in the United States," accordingto Dr. J. Theodore Schwartz.

Dr. Schwartz, an ophthalmologist in the National Eye Institute's Officeof Biometry and Epidemiology, ischief of the Section on OphthalmicField and Developmental Research.

For nearly 10 years, he has beenconducting ophthalmologic studieson twins and has assembled a reg-ister "to identify a group of twinswho would be readily available formultiple clinical examinations."

Of the 700 pairs of twins regis-tered, about 47 percent are identi-cal—developed from the splittingof one fertilized egg.Given Eye Examination

Fraternal twins—resulting fromthe separate fertilization of twoeggs—are no more similar geneti-cally than ordinary siblings buttend to be exposed to a similarcultural and physical environment.

All twins in the register arefrom the Metropolitan Washingtonarea, and about half have alreadyreceived a thorough eye examina-tion at the Washington HospitalCenter.

In addition to data from theseeye examinations, the twin regis-ter contains such information asmedical history, age, hand domi-nance, race, and other pertinentdetails—including whether or notthe twins live together.

There are several kinds of twinstudies which can be conducted. Inthe classical twin study, the rela-tive influence of hereditary andenvironmental factors on a partic-ular trait or disease are investi-gated.

Dr. Schwartz and his associatesrecently completed a twin herita-bility study on the effect of cor-ticosteroids — compounds oftenused to suppress inflammation—onintraocular pressure.

The study, done in collaborationwith the National Heart and Lung

Institute, involved 80 pairs ofidentical and like-sex fraternaltwins 15 years of age and older.

The researchers investigated thetheory that the rise in intraocularpressure which occurs in some pa-tients after application of topicalsteroids is an inherited response.

This concept led to a furtherhypothesis that chronic simpleglaucoma, which is associated withelevated intraocular pressure, isan inherited disorder.

However, the group's studyshowed that inheritance played aminor role in its association withsteroid response. Dr. Schwartz ex-plained, "This new finding is atvariance with the widely acceptedgenetic hypothesis and marks theneed for further investigation . . ."

In another type of twin study,the therapeutic trial, identicaltwins having the same disease aregiven different treatment to com-pare the relative benefit.

Dr. Schwartz is conducting atrial to determine the effectivenessof a treatment aimed at retardingthe progress of myopia (nearsight-edness). Twenty-five pairs of youngidentical twins similarly myopicare participating.

In this investigation one co-twinreceives specially prescribed bi-focal lenses and special drops inhis eyes before going to sleep; asthe control, the other twin wearsconventional eyeglasses.

Through this use of identicaltwins, Dr. Schwartz noted, it ispossible to arrive at conclusionswith fewer patients because treat-ment is likely to be the primaryfactor influencing the outcome.

Several other investigations util-

NIH Visiting ScientistsProgram Participants

8/1—Dr. Gurmit S. Aulakh, In-dia, Cytogenetic Oncology Section.Sponsor: Dr. Jacqueline Whang-Peng, NCI, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6B10.

8/1—Dr. Hevion Ben-Horin, Is-rael, Laboratory of Chemical Phar-macology. Sponsor: Dr. Vincent T.Oliverio, NOI-DCT, Bldg. 10, Rm.6N119.

8/1—-Dr. Thirayudh Glinsukon,Thailand, Carcinogen Metabolismand Toxicology Branch. Sponsor:Dr. Elizabeth Weisburger, NCI,Bldg. 37, Rm. 3B21.

8/1—Dr. Umeo Ito, Japan, Lab-oratory of Neuropathology andNeuroanatomical Sciences. Spon-sor: Dr. Igor Klatzo, NINDS, Bldg.36, Rm. 4B22.

8/1—Dr. Robert E. Oakey, Unit-ed Kingdom, Pregnancy ResearchBranch. Sponsor: Dr. John D.Townsley, NICHD, Bldg. 10, Rm.5BO4.

8/3—Dr. Jye Chen, Taiwan, Lab-oratory of Technical Development.Sponsor: Dr. John L. Stephenson,NHLI, Bldg. 31, Rm. 9A19.

8/5—Dr. Yasuna Hamai, Japan,Laboratory of Vision Research.Sponsor: Dr. Jin H. Kinoshita,NEI, Bldg. 6, Rm. 222A.

8/5—Dr. Rachel Schneerson, Is-rael, Developmental ImmunologyBranch. Sponsor: Dr. John Rob-bins, NICHD, Bldg. 10, Rm.13N240.

8/9—Dr. Eliahu Heldman, Isra-el, Laboratory of BiochemistryGenetics. Sponsor: Dr. MarshallNirenberg, NHLI, Bldg. 36, Rm.4C22.

uing the twin register have alsobeen undertaken in collaborationwith NICHD and NIDR as well asthe NHLI.

Mr. McManus

Edw. McManus NamedNEI Executive Officer

Edward McManus was recentlyappointed as executive officer ofthe National E y e Institute. Hepreviously was financial manage-ment officer of the National Li-brary of Medicine.

In his new posi-tion, Mr. MeManuswill serve as theprincipal advisorto t h e Directorand other key NEIofficials on a l lphases of adminis-tration and man-agement.

He s u c c e e d sJames G. Hill, who has b e e nawarded a Mid^Career Fellowshipat Princeton University's WoodrowWilson School of Public and Inter-national Affairs.

A graduate of the University ofMassachusetts at Amherst and aformer officer in the U.S. Navy,Mr. McManus participated in theDepartment of Commerce's Man-agement Training Program as amanagement analyst.

In 1966 he came to NIH as as-sistant to the administrative officerof the National Institute of Men-tal Health's intramural researchprogram, and in 1968 became ad-ministrative officer of the Divisionof Research Resources.

While at DRR, Mr. McManuswas selected for HEW's long-termtraining program at the Center forPublic Policy and Administration,University of Wisconsin at Madi-son, where he earned a master'sdegree in public policy and admin-istration.

He returned to DRR and servedas assistant executive officer untilhis transfer to NLM in 1971.

R&WSponsorsaWide Variety of ClubsIf you're interested in finally getting rid of that midriff bulge,

discovering other radio hams, or tuning up with fellowthusiasts, NIH's Recreation & Welfare Association maywhat you're looking for.

music en-have just

Nearly 30 R & W-sponsored clubs will toe in full swing this fall.Contact the club chairmen for further

ACTIVITYART CLUBARCHERY CLUBBADMINTONBASKETBALL10-PIN BOWLINGDUCK PIN BOWLINGDUPLICATE BRIDGEBRIDGE LESSONSCAMERATOUCH FOOTBALLGOLF—MEN'SGOLF—LFRAGOLF—WOMEN'SICE HOCKEYORCHESTRARADIORIDING CLUBSAILING CLUBNIH SINGERSSKI CLUBSLIMNASTICSSOFTBALLSTAMP CLUBTABLE TENNISTENNISTOASMASTERSOVERSEAS TRAVELVOLLEYBALL

CHAIRMANWalter ClarkTed CatchingsDr. Boon ChockLeo LeitnerRick WienerDonald B. SylvainRichard RaySue RhodesJames DeleoNorman JonesJoseph CorlissOscar YoungDr. Ruth DunlapPierre HenkartDr. John WolffWilliam HookRobert DouglasRick NewellRichard ShragerSybil J. SwannJane ToalLeo LeitnerDr. Edward OfluttDr. Ray ChenBob SithensDr. Padman SarmaGeorge PayneLeo Leitner

information:BLDG/BM

Parklawn/1499Bldg. 38/C-lBldg. 3/222Bldg. 36/2A-03WW/748Parklawn/946

12A/2013Bldg. 13/2905WW/627Bldg. 10/3D-12Bide. 29/308Bldg. 10/4B-02WW/233Bldg. 30/323Bldg. 29A/2B-24Bldg. 36/2A-03Bldg. 12A/2003Bldg. 10/1B-45Bldg. 10/5B-44Bldg. 36/2A-03WW/603ABldg. 10/5D-15Bldg. 31/8A-35Bldg. 37/2D-24Bldg. 1/238Bldg. 36/2A-03

PHONE153-3453564673646456495767861153-31970881-1429530-48786111166277673536325664289615546707061237630856495761135641416207964957672776270864927654-34006443864957

THE NIH RECORD August 28,1973 Page 7

7 New Clinical Centers MAILING LABELSParticipate in StudiesOn Coronary Disease

The National Heart and LungInstitute h a s awarded contractsfor establishing seven new clinicalcenters to take part in the Mul-tiple Risk Factor InterventionTrial for the prevention of coro-nary heart disease.

T h e contracts, awarded underthe Institute's Clinical Applica-tions and Prevention Program, in-crease the number of participatingclinical centers to 15 plus a coor-dinating center.

Up to five additional clinicalcenters will be funded during thisfiscal year. The centers will beselected on a competitive basis.

The aim of the Multiple RiskFactor Intervention Trial is to de-termine whether and to what ex-tent the incidence of first heartattacks and of death from coro-nary heart disease can be reducedamong a group of men of above-average risk through countermeas-ures against elevated blood lipids,high blood pressure, and cigarettesmoking.

Risk DoubledThe presence of any one of these

risk factors nearly doubles the in-dividual's risk from coronary heartdisease and such complications asacute heart attacks or sudden car-diac death.

Many people have two or moreof these risk factors and may runfrom 3 to 10 times the CHD riskof those with none.

These factors can be modified,hopefully with some correspondingreduction in the threat that theypose to life or health.

To provide a definitive test forthis hypothesis, the Multiple RiskFactor Intervention Trial will re-cruit approximately 12,000 malevolunteers, aged 35-54, whoseblood lipid levels, blood pressurelevels, smoking habits, or combina-tions of these factors place themat a higher risk than the generalpopulation.

Plan January RecruitingRecruiting participants for this

program is scheduled to begin inJanuary 1974. A total of 6 yearswill be needed to complete theclinical phase of the trial.

The recipients of the new con-tracts and their institutions are:Dr. Norman Lasser, New JerseyCollege of Medicine and Dentistry;Drs. John Wild, John Grover, andMerwyn Greenliek, Kaiser Foun-dation Research Institute, and Drs.Thomas Dawber and H. EmersonThomas, Jr., Boston UniversitySchool of Medicine.

Also, Dr. Harold Schnaper, Uni-versity of Alabama; Dr. Paul Kez-di, Cox Heart Institute; Dr. LewisKuller, U. of Pittsburgh, and Dr.•William Holmes, Lakenau Hospital,

Revised mailing labels may now be purchasedfrom the Self-Service stores. The new indicialabels come in two quantities—pads of 25(gummed back) and self-adhesive pin-feedrolls of 1,000. The continuous feed rolls allowuse of DORT computers to address the labelsthrough the Wyvbur system. The specialfourth class label is designed to save B/I/D'spostage when mailing out large quantitiesof printed matter.

SPECIAL FOURTH CLASS BOOK labels foritems weighing 4-8 pounds has red letteringon a white background. Postage is 90 centscompared to using $1.50 first class indicia.Stock numbers are 7-2312 (for pads of 25) and7-2311 (for rolls of 1,000).

BOOKFOR PACKAGES WEIGHING FOUR (41 TO EIGHT IS) LBNIH-1793-9(11 72)

DEPARTMENT OF

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICElL IKSHTUTESOF HEALTH BLDG » K

BETHESDA. MARYLAND *|M1«

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

SPECIALFOURTH CLASSBOOKFOR PACKAGES WEIGHING FOUR (41 TO EIGHT IS) LBS.NIH-1793-9(11-72)

DR. HENRY W. BROWN3516 E. LAMBERT ST.CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 66876

;i"V

BOOKFOR PACKAGES WEIGHING UNDER FOUR (4) LBS.NIH 1793-8 (11 72)

DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICEATIONAL IKSTIIUTESOF HEALTH BLDG " RM 1 2C-

BETMESOA. MARYLAND *U014

SPECIALFOURTH CLASSBOOKFOR PACKAGES WEIGHING UNDER FOUR (4) LBSNIH-1793-8(11-72)

DR. HENRY W. BROWN3516 E.LAMBERT ST.CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 66876

THE SPECIAL FOURTH CLASS BOOK label isa new item for any printed material which con-tains 24 pages or more and bound, weighingless than 4 pounds. The postage rate is 55cents—a savings of 45 cents over first classlabels. Labels are white with green printing.Stock numbers are 7-2307 (for 25) and 7-2308(for 1,000).

»r3 72

FOR PACKAGES WEIGHING UNDER FOUR (4) LBS.

FOR FIRST CLASS PACKAGES under 4 pounds,postage is $1 . The white label with black let-tering may be used for mailing any packagesunder the specified weight. Stock numbers are7-2305 (for 25) and 7-2306 (for 1,000).

DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE

DR. HENRY W. BROWN3516 E. LAMBERT ST.

NIH-1793-2 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 668763-72

FOR PACKAGES WEIGHING UNDER FOUR (4) LBS.

DEPARTMENT OF

3-72FOR PACKAGES WEIGHING OVER FOUR (4) LBS.

DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE126

NIH-1793-23-72FOR PACKAGES WEIGHING OVER FOUR (4) LBS.

DRi HENRY W. BROWN3516 E. LAMBERT ST.CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 66876

DEPARTMENT OF

FOR FIRST CLASS PACKAGES weighing over4 pounds, labels ate brown with black letter-ing and carry $1.50 postage. Stock num-bers are 7-2299 (for 25) and 7-2300 (for1,000).

In view of the changes mentioned above, anyB/I/D that mails large quantities of printedmatter may exchange the first class labelsused in the past for fourth class book labels.Credit will be given for any difference inpostage. Indicia labels that have been mis-typed, overstocked, etc.—in quantities of $25—may also be turned in to the Mail Room,Bldff. SI, Room B1E-02, for credit.

Page 8 August 28,1973 THE NIH RECORD

Dr. Chalmers to HeadMt. Sinai Med. CenterAnd School in New York

Dr. Thomas C. Chalmers, NIHAssociate Director for ClinicalCare and Director of the ClinicalCenter since 1970, will becomePresident of the Mount Sinai Med-ical Center and Dean of MountSinai School of Medicine of theCity University of New York onOct. 1.

During his tenure here, Dr.Chalmers has been a strong advo-cate of controlled clinical trials toevaluate drugs and therapeutictechniques.Formed New Guidelines

He helped form new guidelinesfor studies involving patients atNIH and lectured extensively urg-ing use of clinical trials at otherinstitutions.

Under his guidance, intramuralclinical research at NIH expanded.A new intensive care room for can-cer and other surgery patients wascompleted and construction begunon an expanded outpatient facilityand a 3-story addition for researchin reproductive and perinatal bi-ology.

Also, plans were initiated for anew ambulatory care facility.

"The NIH Clinical Center has astaff of the most capable physi-cians in the country," he notedearly in his directorship here.

In order to give future cliniciansexposure to what he termed the"exciting intellectual atmosphereand high-quality bedside thinking"at NIH, he established a programof clinical electives for medicalstudents.

The program provides in-depthexposure for third- and fourth-year medical students to four clin-ical subspecialties at NIH. Later,a similar program was establishedfor nursing students.

Under Dr. Chalmers' leadership,research by the OC professionalstaff produced innovative advancesin hospital supportive services.

The Medical Record Department

New Method for Treating Brain Tumors ?/• SuMnne s- Hurd

A- L- n r k ' i ' j T i TL Named FathophysiologyCombines 2 Distinct Types of Therapy Bremch Ch1efi N H U

By Carolyn HolsteinA new experimental method for treating tumors originating in the

brain, malignant gliomas, is being initiated by Dr. Ayub K. Ommaya,an associate neurosurgeon in the National Institute of Neurological Dis-eases and Stroke.

It consists of combining chemotherapy—using drugs to kill as much ofthe tumor as possible—followed byimmunotherapy — summoning the ing before causing death."body's own defense system to kill Dr. Ommaya and his associatesoft' the remaining tumor cells and have already found that two spe-prevent new ones from growing. cific drugs when u s e d together

Dr. William Terry, chief of theNational Cancer Institute's Immu-nology Branch, is collaborating inthis aspect of the study.

"Malignant gliomas are one ofthe worst types of cancer in termsof quality and rate of survival,"Dr. Ommaya said. "It can affectspeech, vision, movement and feel-

Tutorial Seminars OfferedTo All NIH Staff Scientists

A series of tutorial semi-nars at the postdoctoral levelis open to all members of theNIH scientific staff, includingvisiting scientists a n d post-doctoral fellows as well as re-search, clinical, and staff as-sociates.

These seminars were initi-ated at NIH some years agoto allow intensive study inrapidly-moving and interdis-ciplinary fields.

A brochure describing the11 tutorial seminars being of-fered in the fall term will besent out to the scientific staffby the beginning of Septem-ber.

For further information, callExt. 65408.

Dr. Chalmers (r) introduces FogartyScholar Dr. Charles Davidson (c) toHEW Assistant Secretary for HealthDr. Charles C. Edwards during theCC's 20th anniversary program July 6.

began evaluation of a new "prob-lem oriented" approach to medicalrecords. Nuclear medicine facilitieswere renovated and capabilitiesupgraded. Advanced facilities wereprovided for research in diagnosticradiology.

Also, research on computeriza-tion of clinical pathology tech-niques advanced. The importanceof computers in hospital manage-ment was recognized, and an Of-fice of Clinical Management Sys-tems was created.

In addition, medical uses of tele-vision and closed circuit videotech-niques were expanded.

Dr. Chalmers—an international-ly recognized gastroenterologistand expert on liver disease—spurred research in these fields.

During his administration, aseries of bi-weekly liver confer-ences was established, a n d twoCC Blood Bank staff members re-ceived awards for work on post-transfusion hepatitis.

Before joining NIH Dr. Chalm-ers had been head of the researchand education program of the Vet-erans Administration for 2 years.

more than double the life expec-tancy of the average person witha brain tumor.

He indicated that one reasonfor the success of the two drugs—OCNU, one of the nitrosourea com-pounds, and 8-Azaguanine—is thatOCNU has a quick entry but shortacting time, while 8-Azaguaninetakes longer to get into the tumorbut lasts longer.

Another reason, he added, maybe that the two drugs attack dif-ferent portions of the tumor.

"Although patients receiving thecombined chemotherapy had a sig-nificantly longer average survivaltime, all but two patients did notlive longer than 27 months.

"We knew we could not safelyincrease the drug levels, so wesought another method to erradi-cate the tumor cells remaining af-ter surgery, radiation and chemo-therapy," he said.

Immunotherapy is being usedexperimentally to treat other typesof cancer, but so far has not beensuccessfully used in preventing thegrowth of brain tumor cells.

Its lack of success hinges on abiological "net"—the blood brainbarrier—which prevents informa-tion about the presence of braintumor cells from reaching t h ebody's lymphocytes, its primarydefense tools.

To circumvent this problem, Drs.Ommaya and Terry have deviseda three-pronged immunotherapeu-tic regimen. One agent (commonlyreferred to as BOG) will be usedto arouse the body's lymphocytesystem.

A second agent, t h e patient'sown deadened tumor cells, will beused to "educate" the lymphocytesto attack specifically, and solely,the brain tumor cells. A thirdagent, purified protein derivativeor PPD, will be injected directlyinto the tumor to lure the lympho-cytes to it.

A new device has recently beendeveloped which may eventually beused to determine the effectivenessof the combined therapy.

Dr. Ommaya also explained thatthis device shows a tumor's sizeand shape by recording differencesin density between tumor tissueand normal tissue.

Some patients participating inthe study will receive combined

Dr. Hurd f research will encompassfive major program areas includingthe metabolism, defense mechanisms,and other functions of the lung.

Dr. Suzanne S. Hurd has beenappointed chief of the Pathophysi-ology Branch, National Heart andLung Institute. That Branch is inthe Division of Lung Diseases.

Dr. Hurd will be responsible forthe planning and direction ofNHLI-supported research on nor-mal lung function and on t h emechanisms whereby v a r i o u sagents trigger alterations thatlead to lung disease.

In 1961, Dr. Hurd received herB.S. degree in chemistry f r o mBates College. Two years later, sheearned her M.S. in biochemistryfrom the University of Washing-ton, Seattle.

After 2 years as a research as-sociate in the department of neur-ology at Cornell, Dr. Hurd return-ed to the University of Washing-ton where she received her Ph.D.in biochemistry in 1967.Joined NIH in 1969

Prom that year to 1969, she wasa National Institute of Arthritis,Metabolism, and Digestive Dis-eases postdoctoral fellow in bio-chemistry at the University of Cal-ifornia, Berkeley.

Dr. Hurd came to NIH in 1969.She has served as a grants asso-ciate in the Division of ResearchGrants and as a health scienceadministrator with the NICHDCenter for Population Research.

She joined the NHLI staff in1971.

chemotherapy. Others will receiveimmunotherapy. A third group willreceive both types of therapy.

"If at any time," Dr. Ommayastressed, "we learn that any groupis doing far better than the othertwo groups, we will immediatelyalter the program so all patientswill receive the most effectivetreatment."

•ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 S12-450/29