reconstruction and the rise of “jim crow”. confederate general robert e. lee surrenders on...
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Reconstruction and The Rise of “Jim Crow”
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865. Five days later, President Lincoln is assassinated.
reconstruction (1865-1877)
Rebuilding the country after the war and allowing Confederate states back into the Union is known as the era of *Reconstruction* and lasted from 1865 to 1877.
reconstruction (1865-1877)
*The 13th Amendment* (1865) made slavery illegal. Freedom from slavery meant rights: the right to get married, earn wages, own property, and move.
reconstruction (1865-1877)
Because the Southern economy had relied so heavily on slave labor, *Black Codes* were passed to force blacks to stay and work in the South.
Some of the Black Codes included vagrancy laws (arrested for being unemployed) and apprenticeship laws (hiring out orphans and young people).
reconstruction (1865-1877)
Union General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order 15, which would give black families forty acres of confiscated Confederate land and the use of mules (Forty Acres and a Mule).
However, President Andrew Johnson restored confiscated land to former owners.
reconstruction (1865-1877)
The 14th Amendment (1868) reversed the Dred Scott case, while the 15th Amendment (1870) gave citizens the right to vote.
reconstruction (1865-1877)
After Reconstruction, African-Americans in the South found themselves living in similar conditions to slavery days.
African-Americans worked in low paying jobs: half in agriculture and a third as domestic servants.
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
Few blacks owned their own land and had to resort to being tenant farmers of sharecroppers.
Large numbers of black people were sent to prison for petty crimes and ended up in the convict leasing system.
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
Despite being ridiculed and stereotyped by whites during popular *minstrel* shows, African-Americans became popular performers.
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
Black athletes were banned from competing against whites when they showed superiority.
Boxer Jack Johnson won fifty seven fights in a row, which inspired a hunt for a “great white hope.”
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
In 1877, professional baseball banned black players, forcing them to organize the “Negro League.”
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
Meanwhile, intellectuals like *Booker T. Washington* and *W.E.B. Dubois* debated opposing solutions to black dilemma.
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)
In the period after Reconstruction, Southern states appeared to have returned to their old ways by taking away voting rights, segregation, and violence.
End of Reconstruction, RISE OF “JIM CROW” (1896-1919)