M. Vikri Pradana Raudhatul JannahAstrid201112500577 201112500612201112500***

EXAMPLE

* "STOP SMOKING IN JUST 3 HOURS FLAT! WITHOUT ANXIETY, IRRITABILITY OR WEIGHT GAIN! . . .The Grossman Method of Hypnosis has helped over 300,000 smokers during the past 15 years. Of those motivated smokers who join us, up to 98% will throw away their cigarettes and stop smoking by seminar's end. I personally guarantee it . . . This is the ORIGINAL STOP SMOKING IN THREE HOURS

THE MISLEADING AVERAGE

Made a wrong conclusion with an off target data.

“Students in Class R 4D are good in Syntax. Data shows the average of their syntax’s score is above 7.”

Example:

Plausible Charts and GraphsPlausible Charts and Graphs

Example:

Example:

Presenting the Facts Without a Reference Point

Demonstrating facts beyond the resources.

How it works:Omitting the possible range of the data and thezero reference point, so that it will be mucheasier to prove your point.

Example:

Exercise 1• “94% of Indonesian women agree that the

Garnier light cream can make their skin more shinning, 92% agree the Garnier white cream can reduce oil in their face, 93% agree it can reduce black spot of acne.”

•The Deceptive Sample

Exercise 2

Presenting the Facts Without a Preference

Point

What is the answer?

Exercise 3• An education report recently an increase in

Malaysian senior high school students’ mastery of English in the last three years. The English average score achieved by students in National Final Test in Kuala Lumpur was 76 (2001), 82 (2002) and 90 (2003). In Selangor the average score was 74 (2001), 84 (2002) and 88 (2003)

•The Misleading Average

“Recognizing Statistical Slips”

(this presentation is an excerpt of Chapter 7 of “Critical Reading”, an internal publication of Unindra)