Reading Comprehension Skills

References and Connectives

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Chapter 6:

Learning Objectives:

To Recognize References and Connectives

Some Strategies of Reading

Reference Words :

1.Specific words2.Pronouns3.Relatives Pronouns4.Summary words5.Noun Omissions6.Repeated Action ReferenceWords

This, That, These, Those,

Here and There

Example:

My hometown is in the North of Canada.

That Place is very cold in the winter.

Specific Words

Pronouns

I, me, mine, you, yours, he,

him, etc.

Example:

My nephew stays with my mother.

He always helps her with chores.

Relatives Pronouns

Which, who, whose, where, why, and what.

Example:

I lost the watch which my brother bought me.

Explanations:

Example:

Marry gave some of her pocket money to Red Cross, and you should likewise.

Example:

Octopuses are easily tamed and can be trained to take food from

your hand. Some will even pull your hand open to get at a tightly held.

Example:

She is clever, gentle and kind-hearted. These

are the qualities, which attracted

everyone around her.

Repeated Action Reference Words

Noun Omissions

Summary Words

Let’s do some exercises in the book..!

Connectives:

Connectives are used to make comparisons or contrast, add to an idea, express a result, summarize, explain or illustrate, arrange ideas in order, time to space.

Connectives consist of three different word classes:

Connectives

Subordinating conjunction

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connective Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions:

They are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. We can remember the acronym FANBOYS.

The example sentences of OR:

1. You can study hard for this exam or you can fail.

2. We can broil chicken on the grill tonight, or we can just leftovers.

3. The new Hampshire state motto is the rather grim “live free or die”.

Subordinating Conjunctions

After If only Than

Because Now that where

before once whereas

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

Examples:

● After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent,

● Gerald had to begun his thesis over again when his computer crashed.

Connective Adverbs

Connective Adverbs or conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as result are used to create complex relationships between ideas.

Examples:

● The tire was flat; therefore, we called a service station.

● It was a hot day; nevertheless, the roofers worked on the project all day.

Example: References and connectives.

Sir John said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged into a national network and be used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather condition; car drivers could be give alternative routs when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make a tiny translating machine. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications.

Find the References and Connectives..!

Transplant surgery, once only a futuristic notion, is fast becoming a daily event. For many, however, the bitter reality is a waiting list, and in the case of heart-lung candidates, most die before the donor appears.

In some countries, the donor shortage problem many be alleviated now that people can pledge their organs after death by signing their consent on their driver’s license.

Thanks for your attention