Recognize this kid?Recognize this kid?

Source R: The Stalinist Constitution

QW What can you infer about Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union?

Source S: Propaganda in Stalinist Russia

QW What does this source tell you about Stalin?

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Man of Steel

Lenin and StalinLenin and StalinAleksei VasilievAleksei Vasiliev

Lenin and Stalin in Summer Lenin and Stalin in Summer 19171917

Ivan VladimirovIvan Vladimirov

StalinStalin

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State Stalin would take power after the Stalin would take power after the

death of Lenin in 1924.death of Lenin in 1924. He turned the Soviet Union into a He turned the Soviet Union into a

Totalitarian State.Totalitarian State. Stalin’s Five-Year PlansStalin’s Five-Year Plans

**Main purpose was to build Main purpose was to build heavy industry & increase farm heavy industry & increase farm outputoutput..

*All economic activity was *All economic activity was brought under gov’t control - brought under gov’t control - command economy was developed.command economy was developed.

Five-Year Plans cont’dFive-Year Plans cont’d Though output increased the Though output increased the

standard of living remained low. standard of living remained low.

*Wages were low & workers *Wages were low & workers were forbidden to strike.were forbidden to strike.

Government control of agricultureGovernment control of agricultureCollectivesCollectives: large farms owned and : large farms owned and

operated by peasants as a groupoperated by peasants as a groupState set prices and access to suppliesState set prices and access to suppliesPeasants who did not want to give up Peasants who did not want to give up

their land resisted the collectives.their land resisted the collectives.

Individual farms Each has own farmhouseTractorEquipment etc

Farmers make $ based on how productive they are. The more productive, the more $ they make.

Collectivization of farms

Collective farm – state (government) owned, all equipment andHousing, pooled together. Everyone gets paid the same wages.

All profits go to government, which then pays the workers. No incentive, no ownership of land

Workers live in communal village,

in govt housing projects

Stalin blamed Stalin blamed kulakskulaks, wealthy , wealthy farmersfarmers, for , for resistanceresistance

Land confiscatedLand confiscated Millions were killed Millions were killed

outright or sent to outright or sent to forced-labor forced-labor camps to suffer a camps to suffer a slow death.slow death.

"We farmers, on the basis of complete collectivization, will liquidate the kulaks as a class."

Terror FamineTerror Famine Angry peasants resisted Angry peasants resisted

collectivization by growing just collectivization by growing just enough to feed themselves.enough to feed themselves.– In response the gov’t seized all their In response the gov’t seized all their

grain and purposefully left them to grain and purposefully left them to starve.starve.

In 1932 this ruthless policy led to the In 1932 this ruthless policy led to the Terror FamineTerror Famine-between 5 & 8 million -between 5 & 8 million people died in the Ukraine alone.people died in the Ukraine alone.

Stalin’s Terror TacticsStalin’s Terror Tactics Stalin ruthlessly used terror as a Stalin ruthlessly used terror as a

weapon against his own people.weapon against his own people. He committed crimes against He committed crimes against

humanity and violated his people’s humanity and violated his people’s individual rights.individual rights.

Critics were sent to the Critics were sent to the Gulag Gulag (a system of brutal labor camps (a system of brutal labor camps

where many died).where many died).

Hard / Physical LaborHard / Physical Labor

Food was in short supplyFood was in short supply

Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive 1932-1933 famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former field—confiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the Gulag. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in 1945. After her release, she was required to live in exile near her Gulag camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release.

Maria TchebotarevaMaria Tchebotareva

Seeking the appearance of democracy, the Soviet Union held elections, but only one Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that nearly all Soviet citizens “voted” by taking their ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box.In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested this absurd ritual by writing the word “Comedy” on his “secret” ballot. Soviet authorities linked the ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years in camps for this “crime.”

Ivan BurylovIvan Burylov

The country had virtually The country had virtually become a labor campbecome a labor camp

Stalin’s Terror TacticsStalin’s Terror TacticsGreat PurgeGreat Purge (policy created by Stalin (policy created by Stalin in which he eliminated rival party in which he eliminated rival party leaders and old Bolsheviks).leaders and old Bolsheviks).

–Started in 1934 Started in 1934 –At least 4 million people were At least 4 million people were purged (killed) during the Stalin purged (killed) during the Stalin years.years.

This puts the USSR in a bad position when it comes This puts the USSR in a bad position when it comes time to fight WWII, since Stalin liquidated many time to fight WWII, since Stalin liquidated many officers in the military…officers in the military…

Bodies were simply piled up to Bodies were simply piled up to be buried in a mass gravebe buried in a mass grave

Stalin promoted atheism (the belief Stalin promoted atheism (the belief there is no god) as the official state there is no god) as the official state policy…communism is your god.policy…communism is your god.

Attempts to Control ThoughtAttempts to Control Thought Propaganda-the attempt to boost Propaganda-the attempt to boost

morale & faith in the communist morale & faith in the communist party by making himself (Stalin) a party by making himself (Stalin) a godlike figure.godlike figure.

Soviet Propaganda Soviet Propaganda PosterPoster

“Look Me in the Eyes and “Look Me in the Eyes and Tell Me Honestly:Tell Me Honestly:

Who is your friend? Who is Who is your friend? Who is your enemy?your enemy?

You have no friends among You have no friends among capitalists.capitalists.

You have no enemies You have no enemies among the workers. among the workers. Only in a union of the Only in a union of the

workers of all nations will workers of all nations will you be victorious over you be victorious over

capitalism and liberated capitalism and liberated from exploitation.from exploitation.

Down with national Down with national antagonisms!antagonisms!

Workers of the world unite!”Workers of the world unite!”

"To whom goes all national profits? In the CCCP, to the workers."

“Love Your Motherland”

IN DECEMBER 1934, Sergey Kirov, a prominent early Bolshevik leader and loyal supporter of Joseph Stalin, was assassinated… a purge…

…Stalin had ordered the execution.

Attempts to Control ThoughtAttempts to Control Thought Socialist RealismSocialist Realism-Goal to show -Goal to show

Soviet life in a positive light & Soviet life in a positive light & promote communism.promote communism.– The following works of art illustrate The following works of art illustrate

socialist realism…socialist realism…

The The Leaders:Leaders:

The Cult of The Cult of PersonalityPersonality

Lenin in Front of the GlobeLenin in Front of the GlobeVladimir SinitskyVladimir Sinitsky

LeninLeninAleksei Nesterenko, 1938Aleksei Nesterenko, 1938

LeninLeninGerman Tatarinov, 1950sGerman Tatarinov, 1950s

Lenin at the KremlinLenin at the KremlinIvan PetrenkoIvan Petrenko

Lenin in his StudyLenin in his StudyNikolai Pavliuk, 1947Nikolai Pavliuk, 1947

Lenin at the Smolny Lenin at the Smolny InstituteInstitute

Isaak Brodsky, 1930Isaak Brodsky, 1930

Portrait of StalinPortrait of StalinAleksandr Laktionov, 1945Aleksandr Laktionov, 1945

StalinStalinAleksei VasilievAleksei Vasiliev

StalinStalinGrigory Shpoliansky, 1949Grigory Shpoliansky, 1949

StalinStalinKonstantin Lomykin, 1949Konstantin Lomykin, 1949

Karl MarxKarl MarxKonstantin KamyshniKonstantin Kamyshni

Karl MarxKarl MarxAleksandr KrylovAleksandr Krylov

The Guiding Role of The Guiding Role of the Partythe Party

Vladimir Ilich LeninVladimir Ilich LeninVasily IvanovVasily Ivanov

Lenin With FarmersLenin With FarmersViacheslav Tokarev, c. 1960Viacheslav Tokarev, c. 1960

Lenin with VillagersLenin with VillagersEvdokiya Usikova, 1959Evdokiya Usikova, 1959

Gorky Reading to StalinGorky Reading to StalinViktor Govorov, 1940Viktor Govorov, 1940

Stalin as Organizer of the October Stalin as Organizer of the October RevolutionRevolution

Karp TrokhimenkoKarp Trokhimenko

Stalin at a Political Meeting at the Stalin at a Political Meeting at the KremlinKremlin

Sergei GrigorievSergei Grigoriev

Stalin at the 8th Party Stalin at the 8th Party ConferenceConference

Petr ParkhetsPetr Parkhets

Adoration of the Adoration of the LeadersLeaders

Lenin’s Arrival at Finland Lenin’s Arrival at Finland StationStation

Arkady RusinArkady Rusin

On the On the BattlefieldBattlefield

Lenin on the AirfieldLenin on the AirfieldBoris Vladimirsky, 1930Boris Vladimirsky, 1930

Stalin in the Civil WarStalin in the Civil WarMikhail Bozhi, 1950Mikhail Bozhi, 1950

Trumpeters of the First Trumpeters of the First CavalryCavalry

Mitrofan Grekov, 1934Mitrofan Grekov, 1934

The 1917 RevolutionThe 1917 RevolutionKarp TrokhimenkoKarp Trokhimenko

The Return of the VictorsThe Return of the VictorsVasily Saicenko, 1953Vasily Saicenko, 1953

IndustryIndustry

Stalin and Kirov Visit the Volkhov Stalin and Kirov Visit the Volkhov HydrostationHydrostation

Karp TrokhimenkoKarp Trokhimenko

In the Stalin FactoryIn the Stalin FactoryMikhail KostininMikhail Kostinin

Steel WorkersSteel WorkersV. Malagis, 1950V. Malagis, 1950

MinerMinerBoris Vladimirsky, 1929Boris Vladimirsky, 1929

Agriculture and Agriculture and EducationEducation

The First TractorThe First TractorVladimir KrikhatskyVladimir Krikhatsky

Female WorkerFemale WorkerBoris VladimirskyBoris Vladimirsky

In a Girls’ SchoolIn a Girls’ SchoolIvan VladimirovIvan Vladimirov

Communist Communist MoscowMoscow

The KremlinThe KremlinAleksei PutayevAleksei Putayev

Moscow State UniversityMoscow State University

Mukhina’s MonumentMukhina’s MonumentAleksei ShovkunenkoAleksei Shovkunenko

Soviet SocietySoviet Society

BenefitsBenefits DrawbacksDrawbacksFree schoolingFree schoolingPrograms Programs outside of school outside of school (sports)(sports)Free medical Free medical carecareInexpensive Inexpensive housinghousingPublic recreationPublic recreation

Taught Taught communist values communist values (atheism, glory of (atheism, glory of collective farming, collective farming, love of Stalin)love of Stalin)Housing scarceHousing scarceMost food in Most food in short supplyshort supply

RussificationRussification

Attempts to make the nations culture Attempts to make the nations culture more Russian.more Russian.

11 Soviet Republics11 Soviet Republics Old Russian heartland the largest Old Russian heartland the largest

and most dominant.and most dominant. Attempt to overwhelm the other Attempt to overwhelm the other

cultures in the USSR.cultures in the USSR.