reclaiming & nurturing the health of our youth€¦ · minority obesity rates: blacks 49.5%;...
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Reclaiming & Nurturing the Health of our Youth!!Presenter: !Maxine Garvey, DPT!Oakwood University!!Summit on !Nurture & Retention.!General Conference of SDA Headquarters!Silver Springs, Maryland!November 19, 2013
The Research Team
Maxine Garvey, DPT, MHS George Ashley, PhD, MSW
Howard Shaw, PhD Eva Starner, PhD
Marta Sovyanhadi, DrPH, RD
Collaborating Departments: Allied Health; Social Work; Health & Physical Education; and Psychology.
Student Researchers
The following students were mentored in undergraduate research:
Cherelle Bailiff Wayne Gordon Ruth Guiness
Rashane Taylor Woody Victor
Ashlie Williams
Acknowledgement
Funding provided by Oakwood University Faculty Development
& Research Office
Why this Research Interest?
Obesity - A worldwide epidemic (WHO, 2011)
Predisposes to Type 2 DM, CVD, HTN, CVA, and CA’s
All lifestyle diseases – All preventable African Americans – Higher incidence of Type 2 DM
Alabama - 2nd most obese state in nation(CDC, 2011)
30% of children & young adults overweight - obese (CDC, 2011)
Minority obesity rates: Blacks 49.5%; Hispanics 39% (JAMA, 2012) Compared to Caucasians 34% (JAMA, 2012)
36% of adults obese - Projected 42% by 2030 (Finkelstein, et al., 2012)
Oakwood University & Southern University students combined -
30% overweight to obese (Pawlack & Sovyanhadi, 2009) Same as national average for children & young adults
Health & Wellness Study I
Garvey et al, 2011:
Landmark Quantitative Study Funded
Methodology
Three assessments conducted to determine
prevalence of overweight & obesity among Black college students:
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Fat Percentage (BF%) Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR)
Participant Criteria
N = 265 students
≥19 years
≥ 2nd semester Freshman – Senior year
Incentives: Audited drawing for 1 iPad, 1 Flash drive, 1 Walmart card
Instruments
Skin Fold Caliper
Digital Scale Meter Ruler
BMI Calculator Tape Measure
Emphasis on BF%: (Most accurate to determine lean to fat ratio)
200 lb person with 40% body fat = 80 lbs of fat
VS 200 lb person with 10% body fat = 20 lbs of fat
Each weighs 200 lbs
BUT Different health risks!
Data Analysis
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Results: What do Oakwood students look like?
Demographics
Age range of 19 to 26 yrs (Average 21 yrs) 128 Males (48.3%) 137 Females (51.7%) Class Standings: FR: 19.6%
SO: 27.2% JR: 30.6% SR: 22.6%
BMI Ranges
Normal (<25) = 56.6% Overweight (25-30) = 26.8% Obese (30-40) = 12.8% Severely Obese (>40) = 3.8%
___________________________ Healthy: 56.6% High Risk: 43.4%
Comparison to Previous Study
Pawlak and Sovyanhadi (2009) 31% with BMI of overweight to obese (21% overweight and 10% obese) African American students 35.8% overweight to obese
Caucasian students 18.9% overweight to obese
Body Fat %
Body Fat % by Gender
WHR
(Predictive of Risk for Cardiovascular Disease)
Low Risk : 80.8% Moderate Risk: 9.1% High Risk: 10.2%
(Insignificant finding – may be due to age of this
populaPon sample)
Full Study Published 2013 in Peer Reviewed Journal
“The prevalence of obesity among students at an African American university in the south”
http://jsumurc.org/ojs
How can we reclaim and nurture
the health of our youth?
Follow-up Study: Health & Wellness II
Garvey et al, 2012:
Mixed Method Study Funded
Methodology
OMRON Body Fat Analyzer (Model HBF-36)
40 Item Questionnaire (Based on Eight Laws of Health)
Demographics Nutrition Exercise Water Sunlight Temperance Air Rest Trust in God
Participant Criteria N = 36 students
≥19 years
≥ 2nd semester Freshman – Senior year
BMI >25 only
BF% = Overweight to Obese only
Incentives: Audited drawing
for 1 iPad, 1 Flash drive, 1 Walmart card
Data Analysis
Quantitative: SPSS
Qualitative: Manual coding of common themes
Demographics
16 Males 20 Females Class Standings: 14 FR; 7 SO; 11 JR; 3 SR 60% - Immediate family members overweight 90% SDA’s Ethnicity: 90% Black; 10% Hispanic
Nutrition
Common Themes
80% non-vegetarian 90% eat in Cafeteria &/or Student’s Market “I eat when I feel hungry” “I eat when I am bored” “I am a Stress Eater”
Exercise
50% Do no form of exercise
(Reduces stress levels)
Water
90% drink 1-2 glasses per day
(6-8 glasses per day is recommended)
Sunlight
Most participants got 30 or more minutes per day
(≥30 mins. are recommended)
Temperance
“Not enough balance between school & social activities”
“I feel overwhelmed” Several stress factors: “Relationships” “School work” “Procrastination” “Finances”
Air
50% spend 30 minutes or less outdoors
Rest
“Not enough hours of sleep at nights”
“Long study hours”
Trust in God
90% have daily personal prayer
40% have daily personal devotion
(Reduces anxiety and stress levels)
Discussion
Multi-faceted & culturally relevant interventions needed
Curricular education: Revision of Gen Eds- (Freshman Seminar, Health Principles, Nutrition courses)
Ongoing health awareness campaigns (campus & community health fairs)
Discussion
Immediate family education needed Co-curricular activity and active transportation
(Encourage intra-mural sports, more biking vs. driving)
Institutional policy changes
Discussion
Many students are living on their own for first time
Early intervention programs essential when students arrive as freshmen
Basics of NEWSTART to be constantly repeated during college experience to prepare students for healthy adult life
Emphasize and encourage practice
Discussion
Cafeteria and student’s market to support health initiatives
Provide wide variety of live, raw fruits & vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and reduction in sugary drinks
Physical activity-related behavior is complex Influencing factors - Access to recreation
centers, t ime availabil i ty, gender, and motivation to exercise
Follow-Up Study: Health & Wellness III (Garvey et al, 2013)
Qualitative; Interventions; Evaluate Policy Eat- Pray- Move (Funded & In Progress) Deeper qualitative investigation to inform
development of age appropriate intervention Develop computer interactive “App” Explore faith factor and obesity Explore Partnership with LLU Adventist Health
Study 2 Evaluate Health Ministries Policies: NAD down
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Thank You!