recite a prayer…(15 seconds). atm topic 1. introduction to air traffic management,type of control...

Recite a prayer…(15 seconds)

ATM TOPIC1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE

OF CONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN2. AERODROME CONTROL3. AREA CONTROL 4. APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------5. FLIGHT RULES –IFR6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION8. THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE-------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------

Course Outcomes ATMBy the end of this subject, student should be able to:

Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air traffic services provided and the flight plan.

Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome controlKnow the function and responsibility of area controlKnow the function and responsibility of approach controlKnow the objective and function of instrument flight rulesKnow the objective and function of visual flight rulesKnow Importance of radio telephony communicationUnderstanding and able to describe the letdown procedure

Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit2. Aerodrome Control3. Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility4. AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE5. RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME

TRAFFIC ZONE6. Aircraft Priority7. Control of circuit air traffic8. Clearance-instruction

Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control Unit


~~Air Traffic Control Units are specialized in providing one of the Air Traffic Control Services but also responsible for Flight

Information Service and Alerting Service to pilots.~~

FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE~~ is a service provided for the purpose of

giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. ~~

Example: Meteorological information Information on aerodromes Information on possible hazards to flight

* (ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air ICAO)

*(ICAO Annex 11: Air Traffic Services)

ALERTING SERVICE~~A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of

search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required ~~

Example : Aircraft in distress…Mayday , mayday , Mayday.

Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control UnitThe Air Traffic Control Unit that is typically

responsible for:1.Aerodrome Control Service is called the

Aerodrome Control Tower (TWR)2.Approach Control Service is called the

Approach Control Unit (APP)3.Area Control Service is called the Area

Control Center (ACC) or Upper Area Control Center (UAC)

Chapter 2:Aerodrome Control

CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL

What is the aerodrome control?

~~ Aerodrome is a defined area on land or water including any building,

equipment and installations, intended to be used either wholly or in part for

the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.~~


Or other word…

1. Services provided all flight in the vicinity of an operating control tower~~

2. Aerodrome or Tower controllers control aircraft within the immediate vicinity of the airport and use visual observation from the airport tower.

3. The tower's airspace is often a 5-nautical-mile (9.3 km) radius around the airport, but can vary greatly in size and shape depending on traffic configuration and volume.

4. Visually sighted by the Aerodrome controllers

5. Cover from 3000 ft until 9000 ft

Chapter 2:Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility


Ground control :

1.Responsible for the airport "movement" areas. These include all taxiways, holding areas, and some maneuvering areas or intersections where aircraft arrive after having left the runway or the departure gates.

2.Responsible for the aircraft operating on the maneuvering area.

3. Aircraft and vehicles changing their position within these movement areas, are required to have clearance from the aerodrome controller. This is normally done via radio contact, but there may be special circumstances where other methods are used, such as communication through visual signals.


Air control :

1. Responsibility to expedite aircraft flying in the aerodrome traffic circuit at an aerodrome (vicinity of the airport). He clears aircraft for take-off or landing, thereby ensuring that the assigned runway is clear for the foreseen maneuver.

2.Responsible to covers the airport and in which he ensures the safety of the approaching or departing aircraft by giving adequate instructions. If the air controller detects potentially unsafe conditions, he can tell the pilot of an aircraft in landing phase to go around or even order an aircraft to abort departure.

3. Highly disciplined communication and collaboration process between air and ground controllers is an absolute necessity. But the co-ordination with other air traffic controllers does not stop there: it is also advisable to co-ordinate with the radar controllers the distances separating approaching aircraft in view of creating the necessary distance for aircraft taking off or for crossing the runway.


Departure clearance (or clearance delivery) :

What is the definition of clearance?

~~ Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit ~~

Example : movement of a/c , taxiing , departure , to land.

1.Responsibility of the clearance delivery position is to ensure that the aircraft receives the proper route and slot for take-off. This information is transmitted to the ground controller in order to ensure the aircraft reaches the runway within the time limits .

CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

“Runway-in-use” ~~to indicate the runway which consider by controllers to be most suitable for use by a/c

expected to land or take off at the aerodrome~~

CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE To active Runway to be use at that particular time falls on

the Aerodrome controller who determines by:

A/C TYPE (Boeing, airbus ,Cessna , light a/c)EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF THE RUNWAY(big a/c need

long runway)THE WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY AS A/C WILL LAND

AND TAKE-OFF INTO THE WIND.(headwind/tailwind)WEATHER PHENOMENA(wind shear/storm/snow )AVAILABLE OF APPROACH AIDS(DMS,ILS,NDB)DISPOSITION OF OTHER TRAFFIC(other a/c movement)TAXIING DISTANCE(move slowly on the ground/speed)

Aerodrome Control – Which Runway To Use

Are the runways and taxiways clear for landing & takeoff

What is the direction of wind??


TRAFFIC ZONE6. Aircraft Priority7. Control of circuit air traffic8. Essential local traffic9. Clearance-instruction

CHAPTER 2:RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE

1.As per prescribe in the (CAR)Civil Aviation Regulations 1996 and (AIP) Aeronautical Information Publication~~

2.The ATS service provided are in accordance with the provisions subscribe in the (SARPS) and ICAO Annexes and document as follow:

1. Annex 2-Rules of the Air2. Annex 11-Air traffic Services3. Annex 12-Search and Rescue(SAR)4. Annex 15-Aeronautical information Services(AIS)5. DOC 4444-procedures for Air Navigation Services-rules of the air

services.6. Doc 8168-procedures for air navigation services-Aircraft operation

CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority~~What the condition of an Aircraft to give

them the priority during take-off and landing???~~

~~Who has the priority?~~

CHAPTER 2: Aircraft PriorityAll a/c landing or the final stage of approach to

land shall normally have priority over an aircraft intending to depart.

Departing a/c shall be cleared in order which they are ready for take off.

Bad weather

A/c emergency-(insufficient fuel, engine break down, system equipment failure)

CHAPTER 2: Aircraft PriorityTwo states of emergencya) Distress: A condition of being threatened by serious and/or

imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. Examples : ditching, crash landing imminent, total engine

failure...

b) Urgency: A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or

some persons on board but which does not required immediate assistance.

Examples : lost, fuel shortage, partial engine failure, navigation system failure...

United Airlines DC-8Flight 173 December 28, 1978

46

The plane ran out of fuel and crashed, killing 10.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air TrafficAerodrome controller shall provide specific

ATC instruction at various position to the aircraft under his control.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic~~a set procedures for use in airports allowing for a

smooth flow of traffic in and out of an airport. The traffic circuit consists of six parts~~

The Upwind Leg is the flight path parallel to the landing runway, in the direction of intended landing.

The Crosswind Leg is the flight path at right angles to the landing runway, off its takeoff end.

The Downwind Leg is the flight path parallel to the landing runway opposite the direction of intended landing.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air TrafficThe Base Leg is the flight path at right angles

to the landing runway off its approach end.

The Final Approach is the flight path in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline.

The Departure Leg is the flight path which begins at takeoff and continues ahead until 1/2 mile beyond the runway, and 700 above ground level.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air TrafficWhy an ATC must know the circuit of air traffic??

Due to the restricted space on and around maneuvering areas and the pilot limited view from the flight deck.

It is essential that controllers pass traffic information to aid pilot to avoid collision with other a/c and vehicle or obstruction on the ground.

Else:To control the a/c in the vicinity of the aerodromeTo handle a/c , vehicles or personnel maneuvering

areasTo control a/c moving on the apron


TRAFFIC ZONE6. Aircraft Priority7. EFFECTING COORDINATION WITH VARIOUS UNIT

AND AUTHORITIES8. Control of circuit air traffic9. Clearance-instruction

Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction

~~A clearance is an authorization that allows a pilot to do something with the movement of the

a/c~~

Example: "Cleared FL110" means that FL110 is

available and that the pilot MAY start his descent NOW.

Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction~~Depending on the phase of flight it relates

to, a clearance can be called either a:~~taxi clearancetake-off clearancedeparture clearanceen-route clearanceapproach clearancelanding clearance

Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionWhen issuing clearance controllers shall that the

clearance:1.Will ensure separation between a/c in accordance

with approved standards.2.Regulates traffic to minimize conflict.3.Will keep the aircraft within controlled airspace and if

appropriate within their area of responsibility.4.Take into consideration possible diversions around

hazardous weather.5.Ensures terrain clearance if the a/c is under radar

vector.

Clearance contentAn air traffic control clearance shall contain:1.a/c identification2.The clearance limit3.The flight route 4.Assigned level

Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction~~Who issues clearances and instructions?~~

Given by the Air Traffic Controller who controls the airspace in which the aircraft is flying or about to fly in. They are given to prevent collision between aircraft within controlled airspace.

Clearances and instructions shall be given according to the traffic situation BUT aircraft in a declared emergency (engine problems, fuel shortage, seriously ill passenger,...) have priority over other flights!

Pilots always need a clearance BEFORE starting a flight in or through controlled airspace.

Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction~~How to obtain a clearance?~~

A clearance shall be requested by FIRST filing a Flight Plan (FPL) BEFORE contacting ATC.

A pilot may:-request another clearance if the previous one is not

suitable -refuse a clearance, if it is dangerous for the safety of

his flight

Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionATC MUST: advise the pilot if traffic conditions do not

permit to follow his request for another route or level

AND offer an alternative clearance or

instruction if a pilot is not able to comply with the route or level he received

Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionATC MAY NEVER:

1.Refuse a clearance for any other reason than to prevent collisions

2.Give a clearance which violates any rules or regulations

Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionReadback

~~A READBACK means that the PILOT REPEATS the clearance or instruction that he received from ATC~~

~~It is important to note that the clearance does not become a clearance until the pilot has READ BACK THAT CLEARANCE TO THE CONTROLLER~~

Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionWhat's the use? 1. ATC SHOULD ALWAYS LISTEN to the

readback from the pilot to make sure that his clearance or instruction has been correctly understood.

2. If a readback is NOT CORRECT, ATC MUST immediately repeat the clearance or instruction and check the pilot's readback again. Should the controller fail to do so, then he will get the blame when things go wrong (not the pilot!!).

Q-bank!!Please explain the Air traffic control unit and give the

example.What are the document and annexes which the ATS service

provided are in accordance with the provisions subscribe in the (SARPS) and ICAO Annexes?

What type of Air traffic service are provided by Aerodrome Control?

Name Five criteria that Aerodrome Controller must consider in nominating he/she duty runway in use?

What the factor to be considered by ATC in giving priority to Air traffic in Aerodrome control?

Please explain what are you understand about clearance-instruction?

recite a prayer…(15 seconds). atm topic 1. introduction to air traffic management,type of control...

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