ReciprocityRefers to the relationship

betweenDifferent choices of apertures

and shutter speeds,That result in a

Balanced Exposure.

Reciprocityis

Equal Balance Exposures

We refer to these equal balanced exposures as

> Equivalents <

“Review”

Reciprocity For example, we meter a scene to be

balanced at:F8 @ 1/60th

Reciprocity

This chart indicates all possible balanced exposures using different

apertures and shutter speeds.

Equivalents

Example:Balanced Exposures f/5.6 @ 1/125

• f/2.8 @ 1/500• f/4 @ 1/250• f/5.6 @ 1/125 • f/8 @ 1/60• f/11 @ 1/30

EquivalentsQuiz:

• f/2 @ 1/1000• f/___ @ 1/___• f/4 @ 1/250 • f/___ @ 1/___• f/8 @ 1/60

EquivalentsAnswers:

• f/2 @ 1/1000• f/2.8 @ 1/500• f/4 @ 1/250 • f/5.6 @ 1/125• f/8 @ 1/60

Why Do We Practice

Reciprocity

?

EquivalentsWhich Shooting Mode Do You

Use?

• Manual (gives you full control)

• Shutter Priority (TV)• Aperture Priority (AV)

EquivalentsManual Mode:

allows you to control both “Movement” and “Depth of

Field” freely without having to switch shooting

modes.

EquivalentsAperture Priority Mode:

allows you to control “Depth of Field”

by choosing the f/stop you wish to shoot at and the camera

will choose the correct shutter speed to give you a

balanced exposure.

EquivalentsShutter Priority Mode: allows you to control

“Movement”by choosing the shutter speed you wish to shoot at

and the camera will choose the correct f/stop to give you a balanced

exposure.

EquivalentsBoth Shutter Priority &

Aperture Priority Shooting Modes

make it easier to do equivalents so we can take advantage of the

creative controls that our cameras allow us to do!

Lens Flare

Lens Flare

• When an image includes a very bright light source, light enters the lens and hits the sensor

• Zoom lenses tend to exhibit greater flare

• Lens flare manifests itself as starbursts, polygonal shapes, rings or circles in a row across the image

Lens Flare• Lenses have several “lens elements”• Non-image light does not pass along

its intended path, instead reflects internally on lens elements any # of times before reaching the sensor.

Lens Flare

• Even if the photo itself contains no light source, stray light may still enter the lens if it hits the front element.

Lens Flare

• To avoid lens flare, point camera away from bright light and use a lens hood, gobo, or barn doors

Lens Flare

• Lens flare is often deliberately used to invoke a sense of drama.

Next Week:

A3 dueGallery Paper is due