recentadvancesinvirtualtoolsforvalidationof3d...
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Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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Recent Advances in Virtual Tools for Validation of 3D/4D Breast Imaging Systems (TG234)
Development of a virtual breast phantomfrom a multi-modality perspective
Christian G. [email protected]
Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software ReliabilityOffice of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesCenter for Devices and Radiological Health
FDA
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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Motivation
◮ diversity of breast imaging modalities beyond x-rayincluding magnetic resonance and ultrasound, recommended for screening by ACR
◮ hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT)
◮ following a patient through a diagnostic workflow
◮ inter-modality comparisons important for public health
◮ not having to re-invent the wheel
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 2/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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Cen
ter for Devices a
nd R
adiological Health
DRH
Motivation
◮ diversity of breast imaging modalities beyond x-rayincluding magnetic resonance and ultrasound, recommended for screening by ACR
◮ hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT)
◮ following a patient through a diagnostic workflow
◮ inter-modality comparisons important for public health
◮ not having to re-invent the wheel
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 2/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
C
Cen
ter for Devices a
nd R
adiological Health
DRH
Motivation
◮ diversity of breast imaging modalities beyond x-rayincluding magnetic resonance and ultrasound, recommended for screening by ACR
◮ hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT)
◮ following a patient through a diagnostic workflow
◮ inter-modality comparisons important for public health
◮ not having to re-invent the wheel
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 2/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
C
Cen
ter for Devices a
nd R
adiological Health
DRH
Motivation
◮ diversity of breast imaging modalities beyond x-rayincluding magnetic resonance and ultrasound, recommended for screening by ACR
◮ hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT)
◮ following a patient through a diagnostic workflow
◮ inter-modality comparisons important for public health
◮ not having to re-invent the wheel
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 2/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
C
Cen
ter for Devices a
nd R
adiological Health
DRH
Motivation
◮ diversity of breast imaging modalities beyond x-rayincluding magnetic resonance and ultrasound, recommended for screening by ACR
◮ hybrid imaging systems (PET/CT)
◮ following a patient through a diagnostic workflow
◮ inter-modality comparisons important for public health
◮ not having to re-invent the wheel
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 2/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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Multi-modality considerations
magneticc resonance1 mammography2 ultrasound3
◮ resolution
◮ positioning
◮ complexity - different modalities may be sensitive to different biological features
◮ paradigm - procedural vs image-driven
Credits: 1 S. Kohara, Nagoya U. School of Medicine, 2E Lee, Soonchunhyang U, 3HJ Shin, Ulsan College of Medicine, CC License
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 3/18
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Project Goals
Develop a virtual breast phantom that is...
◮ procedurally generated,
◮ incorporates major breast anatomical structures,
◮ flexible,
◮ ... and multi-modality.
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 4/18
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Anatomy
Several major tissue types that effect breast function and appearance of breast images:
credits: Patrick J. Lynch; C. Carl Jaffe, MD
fat
chest muscle
vasculature
fibro-glandular
skin
nipple
ductal tree
ligament
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 5/18
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Surface Shape∗/Skin/Nipplebase super-quadric transformations
∗based on Chen, D., et al. Modeling for plastic and reconstructive breast surgery, Proceedings MICCAI, LNCS 1935, (2000).
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Surface Shape∗/Skin/Nipplebase super-quadric transformations
skin/nipple layer
grown on transformed shape
b)
∗based on Chen, D., et al. Modeling for plastic and reconstructive breast surgery, Proceedings MICCAI, LNCS 1935, (2000).
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 6/18
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Ducts/TDLUs
◮ one duct tree per glandularcompartment
◮ terminal duct lobular units (TDLU)
◮ random branching toroidal segments
◮ cost function to promote growth innipple-chest direction and filling ofcompartment
ductal tree with TDLU
nipple
TDLU
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Lobules/Ligaments
◮ add random fat lobules to glandularcompartment
◮ base quadric shape perturbed by Perlin noise
◮ retain functional ducts/TDLUs
◮ create more complex fat/glandular interface
◮ control fat fraction
initial voronoi
fat/glandular seg-
mentation
base quadric
perturbed shape
Perlin
noise
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 8/18
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Vasculature
◮ blood supply from several major chestvessels
◮ generated similar to duct tree algorithm
◮ cost function tracks distance to vessel map
chest muscleartery
vein
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Pathology
◮ irregular shapes with spiculated growth∗
◮ µ-calcs modeled as random clusters of spheroids
◮ randomly inserted in normal breast tissue
∗Luis de Sisternes et al. A computational model to generate simulated three-dimensional breast
masses, Medical Physics, 42, 1098-1118 (2015)
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 10/18
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Voxelized Phantom
phantom rendering
◮ voxelized phantom stored in compressed XML format
◮ 10 tissue types (additional abnormal tissue types)
◮ arbitrary resolution (≥ 40 µm practical, here 100 µm)
fat
interlobular
TDLU
skin
nipple
duct
Cooper's lig.
muscle
vein
artery
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 11/18
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Compression Modeling
◮ finite element elastic compression simulation using FeBio∗
Arbitrary
compression
direction
Dynamic
re-meshing
for large
deformationsAdaptive
mesh
size
∗ joint work with Jonathan Rosenberg FDA/UMD
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Images
10% glandular 25% glandular
mammographic projections T1-weighted MRI
simulated (top)
real (bottom)
∗credit: VICTRE team
mammography and DBT of same
breast with inserted masses∗
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Physical Phantoms
◮ Exploring 3D printing including innovative ink jet printer technique∗
printed as 70 µm slices
on parchment paper with
iodine-doped ink
FFDM DBT
∗ joint work with Lynda Ikejimba, Shani Rosenthal, Andreu Badal-Soler, Bahaa Ghammraoui, Joseph Lo and Steve Glick
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Challenges
◮ modality-specific tissue properties
◮ anatomical parameter distributions
◮ validation
◮ motion/dynamic properties(e.g., MRI often uses dynamic contrast)
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 15/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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ter for Devices a
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Challenges
◮ modality-specific tissue properties
◮ anatomical parameter distributions
◮ validation
◮ motion/dynamic properties(e.g., MRI often uses dynamic contrast)
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 15/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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ter for Devices a
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Challenges
◮ modality-specific tissue properties
◮ anatomical parameter distributions
◮ validation
◮ motion/dynamic properties(e.g., MRI often uses dynamic contrast)
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 15/18
Office of Science and Engineering LaboratoriesExcellence in Regulatory Science
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ter for Devices a
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Challenges
◮ modality-specific tissue properties
◮ anatomical parameter distributions
◮ validation
◮ motion/dynamic properties(e.g., MRI often uses dynamic contrast)
AAPM 2016 / MO-FG-209-0 / August 1, 2016 / Multi-Modality Breast Phantom 15/18
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Sample of Ongoing Work
◮ Using segmented CT data to providemuscle/bone structure for morerealistic MLO views
◮ binary trees for efficient representationof high resolution in silico phantoms
see ePoster by Andreu Badal, TU-H-CAMPUS-IeP2-4, Tuesday, 5-5:30 PM
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Application: VICTRE
Virtual Imaging Clinical Trials for RegulatoryEvaluation
◮ FDA research project to study the use of VCTs forregulatory evaluation of imaging devices
◮ replicate an existing DBT clinical study in silico
◮ results and virtual imaging chain will be released asopen source
Aldo Badano
project lead
Andreu Badal
x-ray physics
Christian Graff
anatomical models
Frank Samuelson
study design
Diksha Sharma
software development
Rongping Zeng
image recon/reader models
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Conclusions
◮ Developing multi-modality phantoms can be challenging
mammography, tomosynthesis
MRI, CT
ultrasound, OCT, pathology
current progress
◮ Potential for collaboration across modalities
◮ Regulatory use could lead to faster/less burdensome approval of new imagingtechnologies
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