recent developments in nb 3 sn dipole technology at texas a&m peter mcintyre dept. of physics texas...
TRANSCRIPT
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Recent Developments in Nb3Sn Dipole Technology at Texas A&MPeter McIntyreDept. of PhysicsTexas A&M [email protected]
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The goal: Dipoles for future hadron collidersTAMU4: 14.1 T, 4 x 3 cm2 aperture28 cm2 superconductorCollider-quality field, suppress p.c. multipolesLHC Tripler: 24 T, 56 mm apertureWindings = Bi-2212 inner, Nb3Sn outer
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Designing dipoles with Nb3SnThe challengesThe conductor is fragile strain < 0.5%High field limit would be imposed by Lorentz stressFilaments are large snap-back too largeThe solutionsBlock-coil geometry Stress managementHydraulic preloadFlux-plate suppression of snap-back
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Stress management
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Offload stress from windings to structurestress (PSI) in structure @ 14 Tstress (PSI) in coils only @ 14 T
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Field strength decreases smoothly -conductor optimizationMixed-strand cable places Cu strands where they are needed for quench protection.Example: 12 T dipole outer winding can even be NbTi!
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Pancake coils are easy to build, control axial stress internally
Center double pancaketop/bottom single pancakes
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Provide overall preload using expansion bladdersFlux return split vertically, serves as pistonBladders filled with low-melt Woods metalBladders located between flux return and Al shell2,000 psi pressure delivers full-field Lorentz loadIn cooldown, Al shell delivers additional preload
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Suppression of multipoles from persistent current magnetizationPersistent magnetization is generated from current loops within the filaments, Magnetization relaxes via BICs, then snap-back
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The steel flux plate redistributes flux to suppress multipoles0.5 T12 T
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Multipoles with Persistent Currents5x suppression of p.c. sextupole compensates for larger filament size
Chart1
-1.595974-0.77895-0.228351-0.0414219-0.004346650.2767320.3723840.137370.02512970.00294401
-1.293434-0.59842-0.171858-0.0312378-0.00321959-0.5596690.01360030.044280.008753490.00107504
-1.198689-0.495441-0.140678-0.0260723-0.00260015-1.294068-0.1497520.01710060.001803710.000118523
0.689463-0.429146-0.0924536-0.0250018-0.002216582.246157-0.5014210.0197989-0.00389292-0.00109555
-2.355930.03731910.145097-0.0465447-0.001818543.558058-1.0965050.240223-0.0233829-0.00286578
-3.314620.2044610.225537-0.0502983-0.002099362.481565-0.7003560.285462-0.0320468-0.00300448
-2.3294450.3544210.266148-0.0520716-0.002329192.709996-0.3339760.307086-0.0379222-0.00304299
-1.0823260.4823930.292843-0.0533668-0.002510673.128967-0.04489870.322137-0.0423589-0.00306868
0.4956660.6952610.329052-0.0559052-0.0027673.4086480.3616940.346294-0.0488103-0.00312926
0.2231060.8535070.356333-0.0586819-0.002939872.3336180.6254940.367618-0.0537534-0.00318834
-0.4494770.9777270.378303-0.0612406-0.003074291.2057080.8174190.385879-0.0576752-0.00324932
-0.8957811.0813860.39562-0.0634144-0.003180750.4357270.9628840.401174-0.0607325-0.00331503
-1.1658781.1672340.409817-0.0652558-0.00327405-0.07663471.0777250.413899-0.0631724-0.00337511
-1.3180971.2386690.421695-0.0668059-0.00335513-0.4187661.1718980.424582-0.0651989-0.00342968
-1.3933741.2995110.431723-0.0681402-0.00342537-0.646481.2499440.433768-0.0668988-0.00347999
b2
b4
b6
b8
b10
b2
b4
b6
b8
b10
Central Field
Multipoles
Curved Iron Boundary, with Sc magnetization
Final Design
VLHC Dipole (Short sample limit @4.2K 12 Tesla )2/6/013.1415926536
Dipole (3;3)cm bore.37%Cu to allThe amount of strands and cables for The Short Sample MagnetMagnets Z-length
Extra 10 meters of each type of cable for each winding stepStraight section (mm)
Stored energy in the quarter of the dipoleSrand/CablePitch angle(degrees)=16304.8000top
(@4.2K 11.6T) =149912Joulesrequired1st2nd1010.0658middle
Strands (meters)21957807Piecesinches
f=85%Cable (meters)651646.0000
Amount of Sc (kg)12.9021.10Removable6.2832
1.067020000.81
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The Texas A&M programTAMU1 (6.5 T)evaluate block-coil geometry, winding and impregnation strategies using NbTi model - tested to short sampleTAMU2 (5.2 T)single-pancake mirror magnet with ITER Nb3Sn conductor - completed, ready for testingTAMU3 (13.5 T) double-pancake model with 2.4 kA/mm2 conductor - beginning fabricationTAMU4 (14.1 T ) complete Nb3Sn dipole with 4x3 cm bore
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TAMU1Model dipole to study block coil geometry: cable preparation, winding techniques, impregnation: treat exactly according to the design for Nb3Sn.
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Testing of TAMU1Winding voltages during quench
Chart5
27.457.49
7.557.937
7.87.731
7.457.236
6.76.576
8.075.684
8.034.86
7.783.172
7.898.04
8.04
8.04
QH tests
Training
Ramp-Rate
Ramp #
Iq (KA)
TAMU-1 Quench History
VtapSeq
S:SideTS#Resistance300K300K65K,10AScaled300K300K300K300K300K300K300K300KRdiff vs.Tap #
L:LayerCoil---V-Tap Amp. Wiring+++17-Feb17-Feb29-Feb2-Mar2-Mar30-Aug30-Aug30-Aug1-Sep1-Sep1-Sep28-Sep28-Sep28-SepR (mohms)
SLVoltage-TapTapHypoSHVSignalSHVFinalSeqDiffDiffSeqDiffSeqDiffRatioSeqDiffDiff(meas)SeqDiffDiff(meas)RatioSHV #
##Location-ID#(m-r-c)--#Name++#Sig.ID(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(wrt 29feb)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)(mohms)28/01
Magnet Casena49Case wrt -Ref104CaseTap 49 410.08 tap 15 409.4 Tap 17 411.5mV later
B6(-) Flagna104-Lead (copper)52(-)Lead0.050.000
B6(-) Footerna52-Splice & Lead-in37Spl6-0.000.3480.61nana0.0000.620.0000.621.00
B6(-) Footer51Tap-1 jumper0.740.6200.620
Bopen38
B6L6-21-4-337C2L4 NbSnTi Splice32Spl6-0.35-0.0410.040.000.000.000.6200.040.6230.04
B6L6-21-8-132Tap-2 jumper0.780.6600.663
B6L6-21-7-131Layer 629V6
Bopenna1-6-130
B6L5-6 CT31-5-129Layer 526V50.312.8242.680.782.821.050.6602.810.6652.8251.00
B5L5+41-4-128L1-L5 splice27spl1-5
B1L1-51-3-127dupe tap-5
B5L5+41-2-126L1-L5 splice25spl1-5
B1L1-51-1-125Layer 120V1
B1L1-L2 CT mid-mag62-8-320Layer 214V23.130.001.773.600.000.003.4740.003.49000.00
B1L1-L2 CT mid-mag62-7-319dupe tap-6
B1L1-L2 CT mid-mag62-6-318dupe tap-6
T4L2+72-5-317L3-L2 splice16202.481.771.68204.701.801.07204.3621.78204.8301.821.02
T4L3-82-4-316C2L4 Pole FeedSide1524PFs204.250.890.84206.500.901.07206.1440.90206.6500.91.00Lead(KA)10
T4Openna2-3-315205.140.880.83207.400.891.07207.0400.88207.5500.921.04Flow(LL/hr)19
T3L2+72-2-314C2L3 PoleReturnSide1323PRs206.021.771.68208.291.791.07207.9211.85208.4701.780.96Rseq vs.Tap #
T3L3-82-1-313C2L3 48-Turn1223Mt207.78199.65189.55210.08201.431.06209.770201.11210.250197.750.98
T3L4L3 CT92-8-112C2L3 Outer ReturnSide1123ORs407.431.871.77411.511.901.07410.8831.89408.0002.111.12
T3L4+102-7-111C2L3 Outer FeedSide1023OFs409.302.782.64413.412.811.06412.7692.80410.1101.450.52
T3failed hipotna10412.080.00-0.00416.220.00415.5720.01411.5600.02
T3failed hipotna923spl412.080.040.04416.220.041.14415.5790.030.041411.5800.01
T3L4+102-6-146Tap-13 jumper20-0.00416.260.00415.6100.02411.5900.04
T3L4+102-5-145C2L3 Lead-in21412.120.290.20416.260.713.61415.6330.75411.6300.340.45
T3L4+102-4-18C2L3/C2L2 NbTiTi Splice02322spl412.410.00416.970.00416.3850.000.008411.9700
open2-3-1712Rmp620.931.01620.3921.02517.0400.540.53
open612PF+Re621.941.21621.4111.20517.5800.630.52
open2-2-1512PRs623.150.00622.6140.00518.21000.00
open2-1-14
(+) Footer3
(+) Footer2
(+) Footer1+Lead (copper)101+Lead825.020.02824.6150.0350.027623.020-0.05
(+) Flagna101825.020.00824.615623.020
ncnc7-3-144spare825.040.12824.6500.08622.9700.22
nc45replace shv-9825.160.01824.7250.020.024623.190-0.08
nc46replace shv-10824.740
ncnc47spare0.20825.170.713.60824.7400.70623.1100.741.05
ncnc48spare0.240.050.04825.880.051.35825.4420.110.0043623.8500.1
69spare-0.00825.930.00825.549-0.00623.9500.04
70spare0.282.782.64825.932.811.06825.5462.73623.9902.91.06
3.061.831.74828.741.851.06828.2791.84626.8901.871.01
4.90196.07186.41830.59197.891.06830.122197.65628.760201.871.02
200.971.761.671028.481.781.061027.7751.81830.6301.871.04
202.730.880.841030.260.891.061029.5810.88832.5000.951.08
203.610.870.831031.150.891.071030.4600.88833.4500.931.06
204.481.761.671032.041.771.061031.3401.77834.3801.861.05
Shorted to headernc6Shorted to header206.24197.87188.521033.81199.701.061033.110199.46836.240203.741.02
404.111.851.781233.511.871.051232.5701.871039.9802.051.10
405.962.782.641235.382.801.061234.4402.801042.0302.931.05
breakdown to header9breakdown to headernc0.00-0.001238.180.001237.2400.021044.960-0.01
breakdown to header10breakdown to headernc408.740.040.041238.180.051.281237.2600.030.0441044.950-0.08
-0.001238.230.001237.2900.031044.8700.02
-0.001238.230.001237.3200.011044.8900.19
408.780.031238.231237.3300.581045.0800.641.10
1237.9101045.720
1238.230.00
5.341
204.362
OUTER module (double-layer slipped-plane view):INNER module (double-layer fold-out view):
&[email protected] &D &T&C&A &P of &N&R&F
VtapSeq
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
0000
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0000
0000
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0000
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17-Feb
29-Feb
01-Sep
28-Sep
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Data
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RdiffCalc
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
F-M
1
1.0039090263
0
1.0213243547
1.0044642857
1.0442678774
0.9626825311
0.9832780576
1.1187698834
0.5173028898
0.4521276596
0.5299313052
0.5236907731
0
1.0545065907
1.0611050128
1.0146500271
1.0213353706
1.0354374308
1.0807736064
1.0568181818
1.0508474576
1.0214579364
1.0962566845
1.0464285714
1.1034482759
V-tap Sequence
R/R0
Resistance Ratio (300K)
RRR
Tamu1FieldD(mm)ConductorLayersIreal/IreqdB/dI (T/KA)L(m)
Summary1-DipoleNbTi31.250.81880.5SteadyTransient
RampDateTimeFileTbathdI/dt(req)IqdI/dtdI/dt)dBc/dtBcalcBhallStart-1t1Start-2t2Start-3t3MIITSTimeSpeeddV/dt(Max)N(fm)RemarksRampIq/IssdB/dtdB/dt
#(ddmmm)(hhmm)Name(K)(A/s)(KA)(A/s)RatioTesla/minTeslaTeslaLoc(ms)Loc(ms)Loc(ms)miits(ms)(m/s)(V/s)>100V/sRemarks#(%)(T/min)(T/min)
11-Dec16:56HTR2094.302.00000.000.001.64na1
21-DecQ014.3107.45012.51.250.616.10na2
31-DecQ024.3107.55012.51.250.616.18naVbal-mac26.223Mt52.60.42Heater triggered30.96
41-DecQ034.3107.80012.51.250.616.39na1Mt(I&O)49.213OFs501Ramp543.47PS problems40.99
51-DecQ044.3107.45012.51.250.616.10na1Mt(I&O)48.413PRs5013ORs52.42.44", Est: L = 2mH50.94
61-DecQ054.3106.70012.51.250.615.49na23Mt49.423OFs51.423ORs56.241st Training quench60.850.61
71-DecQ064.3108.07012.51.250.616.611Mt(I&O)4913ORs5013PRs50.44Inner = Outer71.020.61
81-DecQ074.3108.03012.51.250.616.5723PRs48.623Mt4923OFs51.44Inner starts late but takes over81.020.61
9Q084.3107.78012.51.250.616.371Mt(I&O)49.413OFs50.213PRs58.63.9890.990.61
10Q094.3107.89012.51.250.616.461Mt(I&O)49.213OFs50.213PRs61.84101.000.61
11Q104.3207.490251.251.236.131&2Mt(I&O)110.951.23
12Q114.3407.937501.252.466.501&2Mt(I&O)121.012.46
13Q124.3807.7311001.254.916.331&2Mt(I&O)130.984.91
1431-Dec9:19Q134.31607.2362001.259.835.922Mt(I&O)1Mt(I&O)N+1.5140.009.83
1531-Dec9:31Q144.33206.5764001.2519.655.381&2Mt(I&O)C1 >> C2150.8319.65
1631-Dec9:45Q154.36405.6848001.2539.304.651&2Mt(I&O)C2 >> C1160.7239.30
1731-Dec9:56Q164.310004.8612501.2561.413.982Mt(I&O)170.0061.41
1831-Dec10:13Q174.320003.17225001.25122.822.602Mt(I&O)180.00122.82
1931-Dec10:32Q184.358.046.251.250.316.586.551&2Mt(I&O)190.000.31
2031-Dec11:51Q194.308.0400.000.002Mt(I&O)200.000.00
2131-Dec12:31Q204.308.0400.000.009.341Mt(I&O)211.020.00
TAMU-1 Training
D20 4K Ramp-rate data
dB/dtBB/Bss
(T/min)(T)ratio
Splice Data0.2012.7041.00
ImagSpl13-14Spl27-28dR/dI13-14dR/dI27-280.5112.7461.00
(KA)(mV)(mV)(nOhms)(nOhms)1.2212.4260.98
0.115-0.00106-0.011411.0212.6250.99
1.006-0.00107-0.01205-0.010.721.5212.2460.96
1.998-0.00077-0.012920.300.882.2411.6060.91
2.997-0.00039-0.012880.38-0.042.4410.8880.86
4.007-0.00013-0.01310.260.222.7410.7330.84
5.003-0.00002-0.012690.11-0.413.0510.1630.80
5.0030.00035-0.011330.000.00After cable change(27-28)3.259.5830.75
6.0050.00044-0.01400.092.693.459.1720.72
7.0010.00052-0.014910.080.883.569.3070.73
3.766.8440.54
3.863.3620.26
4.063.1980.25
5.082.8960.23
6.102.7920.22
8.132.6890.21
10.162.6800.21
20.322.6460.21
LHC Spec.
0.42700
0.427131
Coil-1
Coil-3
Coil-2
+
-
&C&A
&[email protected] &D &T&C&P of &N&R&F
RRR
000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
System
Training
Ramp-Rate
Ramp #
Iq (KA)
TAMU-1 Quench History
Short Sample
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
T- Ramp #
Iq (KA)
TAMU-1 Training
HallCalib
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
Training
Ramp-Rate
Ramp-Rate (A/s)
Iq (KA)
TAMU-1 Ramp-Rate
000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
System
Training
Ramp-Rate
Ramp #
B(T)
TAMU-1 Quench History
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
Training
Ramp-Rate
dB/dt (T/min)
Bq/Bss
RT-1 Ramp-Rate
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
T- Ramp #
Bq (T)
TAMU-1 Training
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
T- Ramp #
Bq/Bmax
RT-1 Training
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.8T
12.2T
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
RT-1 Training
RT-1 Ramp-Rate
D20 Ramp-Rate
RT-1 Transient
LHC Spec.
dB/dt (T/min)
Bq/Bss
Ramp-Rate Dependence
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LHC
dI/dt (A/s)
quench current (kA)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
dI/dt (A/s)
quench current (kA)
Fast-Moption Comparison
Fast-Motions
Plateau
08.33
158.33
RD201
N (#)Imag (KA)C1-C2C2: O-IC1: O-I
#KAV/sV/sV/s
15.678-540I,o,I,I
27.200-130I,o
37.770-700I
RD202
N (#)Imag (KA)C1-C2C2: O-IC1: O-I
#KAV/sV/sV/s
14.74-100I,o0
25.7-250b,I0
RD203
N (#)Imag (KA)C1-C2C2: O-IC1: O-I
#KAV/sV/sV/s
13.84-500o,I
26.03-420bv
36.56980I
46.731050I,o
56.78850o,i
66.7831100o,I,o
76.788280I
87.045720o,I
97.52590o,I,I
107.75-620o,I,i
117.83555+60, -120
RD204
N (#)Imag (KA)C1-C2C2: O-IC1: O-I
#KAV/sV/sV/s
14.36-480-300
25.39-580+40, -800
35.72-520+40, -5070
46.087-950-1000
56.092-450-50-80
66.16-1100-80-10
76.48-100-100
86.92-100-200
97.00-850+20, -500
107.39-300-300
117.45-870+60, -1200
127.54-500+10, -700
137.62-510-1000
147.76-490-88
RD205
08.33
&[email protected] &D &T&C&P of &N&R&F.&A
000000
00000
000
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
&[email protected] &D&T&C &P&R&F
Plateau
RD201
RD202
RD203
RD204
RD205
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Data Source
v3021316.csvCu/NonCuConductorCopperR(300K)R(20K)R(17K)RRR(20K)RRR(17K)Ratio(17/20)
Cool-down(ratio)Coil-layer% of total(mOhms)(mOhms)(mOhms)(ratio)(ratio)(ratio)
146.50.261790.000.00
241.20.221870.000.00
339.70.201990.00.00
434.80.181930.00.00
539.80.182210.00.00
635.00.152330.00.00
Ratio(T/B)0.0000.9541.0170.0000.9140.0000.000
&[email protected] &D &T&C&P of &N&R&F.&A
Field (T)26*Istrand(KA)Icable(KA)Icalc(KA)Iq(KA)
11.569.945
10.0015.8
11.8010.157
12.0110.339
12.2210.514
11.0012.9
12.0010.8511.0
9.648.296
14.007.2
15.006.012.9
10.008.6
0000
0000
0000
0000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Load Line
Strand X 26
Cable
Training Quenches
26*Istrand(KA)
Icable(KA)
Icalc(KA)
Iq(KA)
B (Tesla)
I (kA)
Cable-Strand-Magnet Performance
0000
0000
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000
00
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Training Quenches
Cable
26-Strand
Load Line
26*Istrand(KA)
Icable(KA)
Iq(KA)
Load Line
B (Tesla)
I (kA)
Cubic fit worksheet
TotalI(A)
B(T)V(mV@100mA)YCubicY5.00E-03
HG09242V(mV@100mA)Ax^3+Bx^2+Cx+DA(X-D)^3+B(X-D)^2+C(X-D)D=0 coeffs
-15-116Cubic FitscontributionV0
00-10-78-5.01700E-08A-5.017E-08-0.40136-3.947E-06-2.410E-07
0.54.08-7.5-57.5-9.32400E-05B-9.330E-05-3.7-4.875E-04-1.692E-04
18.17-5-381.19500E-01C1.194E-0123.91.157E-011.254E-01
1.512.25-3-24.37-4.34700E-02D\adj0.400.002000.000E+000.000E+00
216.3-2.5-20.3427.55X7.55
2.520.388-2-16.300.85Y0.85
324.4-1.5-12.23
543-1-8.153
7.566-0.5-4.075
109300
0.54.08
18.17
1.512.25
216.3
2.520.388
324.4
544
7.566
1093
&[email protected] &D &T&C&P of &N&R&F.&A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
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0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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V(mV@100mA)
HG09242
Curve-Fit
MBD04CA79E5.doc
V-Tap
Splice
Thermometer
V-Tap
Splice
Thermometer
[email protected] 0/0/0000 0:00 AM1 of 1~WRO3717
MBD04CA79E4.doc
V-Tap
Splice
Splice
Thermometer
Thermometer
[email protected] 0/0/0000 0:00 AM1 of 1~WRO0683
-
AC lossesTAMU1 is the first fully impregnated NbTi dipole made in modern times. It operated to short sample without training and exhibits good AC performance.This result demonstrates that the helium access thought essential for NbTi stability is not necessary, provided that stress is managed so as to prevent conductor motion and friction heat.1 T/s1.5 T/s
Chart2
12.57.45
12.57.55
12.57.8
12.57.45
12.56.7
12.58.07
12.58.03
12.57.78
12.57.89
7.4925
7.93750
7.731100
7.236200
6.576400
5.684800
4.861250
3.1722500
8.046.25
ramp-rate studies
training
ramp rate (A/s)
quench current (kA)
Sheet4
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R0.9763586015
R Square0.9532761187
Adjusted R Square0.9454888051
Standard Error0.1352950919
Observations8
ANOVA
dfSSMSFSignificance F
Regression12.24075892862.2407589286122.4139893340.0000324509
Residual60.10982857140.0183047619
Total72.3505875
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%
Intercept-1.28285714290.1143452226-11.21915820930.0000299518-1.5626500278-1.0030642579-1.5626500278-1.0030642579
X Variable 10.27857142860.025177989411.06408556250.00003245090.2169630630.34017979420.2169630630.3401797942
Sheet1
Joint resistance
Current (kA)Voltage (mV)Resistance
splice 1splice 2splice 1
0.115-1.06-11.40.28nano-ohm
1-1.07-12.1
2-0.77-12.9
3-0.39-12.9
4-0.13-13.1
5-0.02-12.7
50.35-11.3
60.44-14
70.52-14.9
Training
17450
27650
37800
47450
56700
68050
78030
87780
98020
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.28 nW
bbbbbbbb
voltage (microvolts)
Current (kA)
Voltage (mV)
Splice resistance measurement
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
quench #
quench current (A)
Training of TAMU1
Sheet3
dI/dtIq
12.57.45
12.57.55
12.57.8
12.57.45
12.56.7
12.58.07
12.58.03
12.57.78
12.57.89
257.49
507.937
1007.731
2007.236
4006.576
8005.684bb
12504.86
25003.172
6.258.04
Sheet3
00
00
00
00
00
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00
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00
00
00
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00
00
00
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00
ramp-rate studies
training
ramp rate (A/s)
quench current (kA)
-
TAMU2: our entry into Nb3Sn technologyTAMU2: 1 single-pancake windingmirror geometry, ITER superconductor5.6 T short-sample bore field
-
Coil windingTi mandrel to preserve preload through cooldown.Inconel ribs, laminar springs transfer stress between windings.
-
Reaction bake @ 650 CArgon atmosphere purge manifolded throughout coil.Same furnace can bake 875 C in O2 purge for Bi-2212 and maintain separate purges of Ar in Nb3Sn, O2 in Bi-2212 windings. We can react a 3 m long dipole in this furnace.
-
Splice leads Nb3Sn to NbTiLead is supported in rigid frame anchored into winding superstructure, spliced to a pair of NbTi leads.
-
Preload, weld pancake subassemblyPreload side bars and end shoes. Weld cover skin to stabilize coil subassembly.Note: For stress management, we do not apply large preload, only ~3 MPa, just enough to remove soft modulus from coil. After impreg and dipole assembly, we will apply larger preload to the structure to provide stiff walls.
-
Vacuum impregnationHorizontal orientation (with tilt), multiple flow paths assure full impregnationWe can impregnate a 3 m long dipole in this retort!
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Bladder preloadEntire dipole heated to 80 C.Bladders preloaded to 2,000 psi using hand pumps.Pressure sustained while magnet is cooled using water jacket.
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TAMU3: going to high field and testing stress managementTAMU3: 2 single-pancake windings3 kA/mm2 superconductor13.5 T short-sample bore fieldTAMU4: 2 single-pancakes, one double-pancake3 kA/mm2 superconductor14.1 T short-sample bore field
-
Magnets are getting more efficient!NbTiNb3SnBi-2212
Chart2
2.51942428050
6.332003143792
18.7500641106297.4390625
23.617064019410
38.950778904926.40625
44.1
quadratic B dependence
RHIC (7 cm)
Tevatron (5 cm)
Pipe (2 cm)
SSC (5 cm)
LHC (7 cm)
microbore (3x2 cm)
TAMU4 (3 cm)
LHC Tripler(6x4 cm)
NbTi
Nb3Sn/NbTi
quadratic B dependence
Bi2212
field strength (T)
coil area (cm2)
Sheet1
Parameters of various superconducting magnets
magnetpeak fieldaperturecoil currentstored energyampturnsconductor areaoverallnotes"COST"peak fieldtunnel cost/TeVtunnel + sc
(T)radius (cm)(kA)(MJ/m)(MA)(cm2)cold mass$100/kg NbTi, $200/kg NbSn, $1000/kg BSCCO(T)1000$/m
NbTiNb3SnBi-2212mm0.000
Superferric22.005.000.062.5242.522.0020.734511513725
RHIC34.005.000.040.166.3331066.333.457.439062512.020006674618
Tevatron43.804.500.080.5018.753801618.754.001010.367255756826
SSC72.506.500.070.5923.624201223.626.5026.406256.379849696518
LHC82.8011.760.260.8738.955501538.958.4044.14.936788455620
tripler123.0010.000.850.7618.4616.362401416.3612.003.455751918918
LHC tripler2428.00501.7278759595
microbore119.003.6376335989
T12122.5012.3013.001113.0012.003.455751918914
T14152.0010.0038.001738.0015.002.764601535220
T20202.0012.002.863.0530.1422.08jBi=1000 A/cm22852.2220.002.073451151430
D20142.506.720.950.8413.50113.906253.07177948353
T16161.009.201.732.3279.8458016.001602.59181393923
TAMU414.0029.0012.00212.96207307343
Sheet1
0000
000
000
00
00
0
quadratic B dependence
RHIC (7 cm)
Tevatron (5 cm)
Pipe (2 cm)
SSC (5 cm)
LHC (7 cm)
microbore (3x2 cm)
TAMU4 (3 cm)
LHC Tripler(6x4 cm)
NbTi
Nb3Sn/NbTi
quadratic B dependence
Bi2212
field strength (T)
coil area (cm2)
Sheet2
0000
0
0
0
0
NbTi
Nb3Sn/NbTi
Nb3Sn
Bi-2212/Nb3Sn
magnetic field (T)
coil cost ($M/TeV)
Sheet3
000
000
000
000
superconductor
tunnel
total
field strength (T)
cost ($M/TeV)
-
Inject to LHC from SuperSPSFor luminosity upgrade of LHC, one option is to replace the SPS and PS with a rapid-cycling superconducting injector chain.1 TeV in SPS tunnel 1.25 T in hybrid dipole: flux plate is unsaturated, suppression of snap-back multipoles at injection.SuperSPS needs 6 T field, ~10 s cycle time for filling Tripler >1 T/s ramp rate
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Again block-coil geometry is optimum!In block-coil dipole, cables are oriented vertically:
Result: minimum induced current loop, minimum AC losses
In cos dipole, cables are oriented on an azimuthal arch:
Result: maximum induced current loop, maximum AC losses
-
Preliminary design for Super-SPS dipole6 T short-sample field (to allow for AC loss degradation)LHC NbTi strand (wider cable to optimize geometry, minimize inductance)We are modeling AC losses, expect to be low.Flux plate suppresses multipoles from persistent currents, AC-induced currents(flux plate must be laminated)