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Recent Advances in SDN, Virtualization, and Cachingfor 5G and Beyond
Chengchao [email protected]
F. Richard [email protected]
January 22, 2018
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G 1 / 61
Outline
1 Introduction to 5GUse cases and requirementsEnabling technologiesA high-Level view on 5G architecture
2 SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networksSoftware-defined mobile networks and NFVIn network caching in 5G
3 Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in CarletonVirtual Mobile Network Admission ControlTo enable cache virtualizationDynamic caching in SDN-enabled mobile networks
4 Conclusions and future works
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G 2 / 61
Outline
1 Introduction to 5GUse cases and requirementsEnabling technologiesA high-Level view on 5G architecture
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 3 / 61
When will 5G be available? - Timeline
Figure 1: 5G roadmap and timeline1
1Huawei. 5G: A Technology Vision. 2015. url: www.huawei.com/5gwhitepaper/.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 4 / 61
Outline
1 Introduction to 5GUse cases and requirementsEnabling technologiesA high-Level view on 5G architecture
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 5 / 61
Where can we find 5G? - Use cases
Figure 2: 5G service and scenario requirements2
2Huawei. 5G: A Technology Vision. 2015. url: www.huawei.com/5gwhitepaper/.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 6 / 61
What are differences in 5G? - Requirements
Figure 3: The summary of key requirements for 5G3
3Nokia. 5G Use Cases and Requirements White Paper. Tech. rep. Nokia, 2015.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 7 / 61
Outline
1 Introduction to 5GUse cases and requirementsEnabling technologiesA high-Level view on 5G architecture
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 8 / 61
What are new in 5G? - Networks
Figure 4: The summary of key enabling technology of 5G networks4
4Youngnam Han. IMT2020 5G Forum Korea. 2015. url: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-
T/gsc/19/Documents/201507/GSC-19_304_5_5_5G%20Forum.pptx.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 9 / 61
What are new in 5G? - Radio
Figure 5: The summary of key enabling technology of radio for 5G5
5Youngnam Han. IMT2020 5G Forum Korea. 2015. url: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-
T/gsc/19/Documents/201507/GSC-19_304_5_5_5G%20Forum.pptx.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 10 / 61
Outline
1 Introduction to 5GUse cases and requirementsEnabling technologiesA high-Level view on 5G architecture
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 11 / 61
A High-Level view on 5G Architecture� Current, the existing one-size-fits-all mobile network architecture was designedto meet requirements for voice and conventional MBB services. It worked well forsingle-service subscriber networks with predictable traffic and growth.� In 5G, the essential driving force behind the network architecture transformationis service-orientation (an as-a-service basis) which can enable flexibly andefficiently meet diversified mobile service requirements.
Figure 6: The service-driven 5G network architecture.6
6Ericsson. 5G systems enabling industry and society transformation. Tech. rep. Ericsson,2015.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 12 / 61
Multiple industries on one physical NET
Figure 7: End-to-end network slicings7
7Huawei. 5G Network Architecture A High-Level Perspective. Tech. rep. Huawei, 2016.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 13 / 61
Key enablers
Figure 8: Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization(NFV) make the network different
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Introduction to 5G 14 / 61
Outline
2 SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networksSoftware-defined mobile networks and NFVIn network caching in 5G
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 15 / 61
Outline
2 SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networksSoftware-defined mobile networks and NFVIn network caching in 5G
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 16 / 61
SDN Architecture
Figure 9: Overview of SDN Architecture8
8ONF. ONF White Paper: SDN Architecture Overview. Tech. rep. ONF, 2013.Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 17 / 61
NFV Architecture
Figure 10: NFV Architectural Framework9
9ETSI. Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV): Network Operator Perspectives on IndustryProgress. Tech. rep. 2013001. 2013.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 18 / 61
Why SDN and NFV?10
� Virtualization & Multi-tenancy
� Orchestration & Dynamic Scaling
� Programmable & Service Integration & Automation
� Visibility & Performance
� Openness
10Raj Jain. Introduction to Software Defined Networking (SDN). 2013. url:http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 19 / 61
SDNizing mobile networks11
Figure 11: Illustration of software-defined mobile network
11Tao Chen et al. “Software defined mobile networks: concept, survey, and researchdirections”. In: IEEE Commun. Mag. 53.11 (2015), pp. 126–133.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 20 / 61
SDNizing mobile networks12
Figure 12: Benefits of SDMN for service support and network function implementation.
12Tao Chen et al. “Software defined mobile networks: concept, survey, and researchdirections”. In: IEEE Commun. Mag. 53.11 (2015), pp. 126–133.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 21 / 61
Virtualizing mobile networks
Virtualized Wireless Network
Physical Substrate Wireless Network
Virtual Resource 3
Radio Spectrum Resource
Virtual Resource 2
Virtual Resource 1
Spectra
slice
Spectra
slice
Spectra
slice
Wireless Network Infrastructure
Wireless Network Controller—Substrate Controller
Video SP
Game SP
Voice MVNO
Wireless Network Controller—Virtual Controller
MNO / InP
Figure 13: A framework of wireless network virtualization13
13C. Liang and F. R. Yu. “Wireless Network Virtualization: A Survey, Some Research Issuesand Challenges”. In: IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 17.1 (2015), pp. 358–380.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 22 / 61
Virtualizing mobile networks
Figure 14: NFV in 5G14
14Sherif Abdelwahab et al. “Network function virtualization in 5G”. In: IEEE Comm. Mag.54.4 (2016), pp. 84–91.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 23 / 61
Virtualizing mobile networks
Physical eNodeB
Virtual eNodeB Virtual eNodeB
Hypervisor
Data Plane
(Flow)
PHY
MAC
Upper
Layer
Data Plane
(Flow)
PHY
MAC
Upper
Layer
Flow
Multiplexing/De-multiplexing
Control & Scheduling
Physical Hardware
Physical Resource Blocks
Control
Plane
Spectrum
Conf.
BW
Estima.
Manage.
Control
Plane
Spectrum
Conf.
BW
Estima.
Manage.
Spectrum
Alloc. Uni.Contract
Figure 15: An example of LTE virtualization15
15Yasir Zaki et al. “LTE mobile network virtualization”. In: Mobile Net. & Applications 16.4(2011), pp. 424–432, C. Liang and F. R. Yu. “Wireless Network Virtualization: A Survey, SomeResearch Issues and Challenges”. In: IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials 17.1 (2015),pp. 358–380.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 24 / 61
Outline
2 SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networksSoftware-defined mobile networks and NFVIn network caching in 5G
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 25 / 61
In network caching
Figure 16: An example of in-network caching16
16McGill Computer Networks Research Group. Mobile Content-Centric Networking (CCN).url: http://networks.ece.mcgill.ca/node/177.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 26 / 61
Why caching?
� Latency reduction· Avoid slow links (e.g., low bandwidth, congested).· Shorten transmission length (e.g., backhaul).
� Traffic offloading· Avoid traffic between RANs and CN or CN and the Internet.· Avoid traffic on content servers.
� Efficiency improvement· Avoid duplicated transmissions on popular contents.· Realizing cooperations between network elements.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 27 / 61
Caching in the mobile edge
Figure 17: Cache in the air: content caching for 5G system17
17Xiaofei Wang et al. “Cache in the air: exploiting content caching and delivery techniques for5G systems”. In: IEEE Commun. Mag. 52.2 (2014), pp. 131–139.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G SDN, virtualization, and caching in mobile networks 28 / 61
Outline
3 Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in CarletonVirtual Mobile Network Admission ControlTo enable cache virtualizationDynamic caching in SDN-enabled mobile networks
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 29 / 61
Outline
3 Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in CarletonVirtual Mobile Network Admission ControlTo enable cache virtualizationDynamic caching in SDN-enabled mobile networks
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 30 / 61
Business model for VN service slice18
Figure 18
18Huawei. 5G Vision and Key Access and Networking Technologies. 2015. url:https://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/iab/2015-02/Slides/04.pdf.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 31 / 61
Motivations
� Traditional admission control· Limiting the number of UEs entering the network· Guaranteeing the QoS of users.· Maximizing the network utilization.
� Virtual mobile network admission control· Limiting the number of mobile virtual networks (MVNs) embedded in the
physical network.· Guaranteeing the QoS requirments of embedded MVNs.· Maximizing the utilization of physical network.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 32 / 61
System model
Figure 19
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 33 / 61
Problem statement
� Objective· Maximizing the total utility of the network.
� Constraints· Available physical resources.· QoS.· Stability.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 34 / 61
MVN embedding mechanism
Area b
Traffic
TrafficTraffic
Uncertain Arrival Traffic
Admission Control
Stage 1Admission control and resource borrowing without knowing the traffic
Stage 2BS association and resource allocation with knowing the traffic and users distribution
MVNs embedding requests (admission requests)
Figure 20: A two-stage MVN embeddingmechanism including admission control,resource borrowing and resource allocation
· In the 1st stage, without knowing theexact traffic load request from MVNs,the InP conducts AC and resourceleasing based on the estimated arrivaltraffic that are uncertain and provided byMVNs. Therefore, in the 1st stage, thesystem has to be able to tolerate thisvariance. Thus, we use the robustoptimization technique to transfer theproblem in the 1st stage to a convexproblem that can be solved efficiently.· In the second stage, the InPs will
perform a traditional resource allocation.This stage can be considered as anextended stage of 1st stage after trafficarriving. As we consider multiple InPs inour model, this resource allocationincludes radio resource allocation and BSassociation.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 35 / 61
Implementation of MVNs admission control
Users-level resource allocation Network-level admission control
VN(s) request(s) accessing
VNs classifying to k type of VNs and get
requirements of QoE
Looking up AC Table
Resource allocation for accessed end
users
Robust Admission Control of Virtual
Networks
Capacity estimation for all k types of VNs
Virtua users accessing requests
Users and BSs channel
conditions
Shared Resource Pool
Offline AC table updating
Figure 21
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 36 / 61
Simulation results
Average arrival rate of MVNs
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Blo
ckin
g p
rob
ab
ility
of
MV
Ns
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
max-AC λu=6
ROAC λu=6
fixed-AC λu=6
max-AC λu=4
ROAC λu=4
fixed-AC λu=4
Figure 22: Blockingprobability
Total arrival rate of users in MVNs
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
No
mo
rliz
ed
re
se
rve
d r
eso
urc
es
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
max-AC
ROAC
fixed-AC
Figure 23: Resourceefficiency
Total arrival rate of users in MVNs
4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
Sa
tisfie
d r
atio
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
max-AC
ROAC
fixed-AC
Figure 24: QoS
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 37 / 61
Outline
3 Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in CarletonVirtual Mobile Network Admission ControlTo enable cache virtualizationDynamic caching in SDN-enabled mobile networks
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 38 / 61
Motivations
� On one hand, wireless network virtualization enables the sharing of not only theinfrastructure, but also the content, among different service providers.Consequently, the capital expenses (CapEx) and operation expenses (OpEx) ofcontent delivery, wireless access networks, as well as core networks, can besignificantly reduced.
� On the other hand, virtual resource allocation (e.g., which nodes, links andresources should be selected and optimized) is a significant challenge of wirelessnetwork virtualization. As content retrieval (instead of other traditionalparameters, such as spectrum efficiency) is put as a high priority in caching, theprocesses in wireless network virtualization (e.g., virtual resource abstracting,slicing, sharing, and control) will be significantly affected by in-network caching.
� Therefore, integrating wireless network virtualization with the in-networkcaching technique can significantly improve the end-to-end network performance.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 39 / 61
Framework for cache virtualization
ICN-based Network in Virtualized Wireless Networks
Physical Wireless NetworksRouter
Switch
BS
Cache
TCP/IP Network in Virtualized Wireless Networks
RouterAP Switch
Cache
ICN Router Cache
ICN Router
Cache
ICN AP Cache
ICN AP
Cache
BS with CacheRouter with Cache
Cache
Wireless Network Virtualization Controller
ICN Virtual Controller
General Virtual Controller
Services running at ICN Services running at the TCI/IP network
Wireless Network Controller
Radio link
Figure 25: The architecture of our proposed cache-enabled wireless network virtualization.Here, the substrate physical wireless networks are virtualized into two virtual networks.One is running cache-enabled, while the other is based on traditional networks.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 40 / 61
Cache slicing
Wireless Virtual Network
Virtual Content3
Virtual Content
Virtual Content2
Virtual Content
Virtual Content1
Virtual Content1
Virtual Content2
Service 1 Service 2 Service 3
Physical Content (Cache) Physical Content (Cache)
Virtual Content
Virtual Content2
Virtual Content1
Physical Content (Cache)
Figure 26: The framework of our proposed content-level slicing. Here, the physicalcontent (cache) is sliced into virtual contents, which can be shared by different servicesdynamically.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 41 / 61
Problem statement
We can formulate the virtual resource allocation and in-network caching strategyas the following joint optimization problem:
maxxki ,yki ,zkj
∑k∈K, i∈I
Uv (E [Gainvirtualization]) +∑
k∈K, j∈J
Uc (E [Gaincaching ])
(1)
s.t. C1 : All the control variables (xki , yki , and zkj) are feasible
C2 : All users satisfy the requirements demanded by virtual resources
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 42 / 61
Simulation results
15 20 25 30 35 40 450
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Number of Users
Tota
l B
ackhaul U
sage (
Mbps)
Traditional network
Wireless network virtualization without caching
Our proposed information−centric wireless network virtualization
Figure 27: The backhaul usage in differentschemes.
15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 455
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Number of Users
Num
ber
of T
ota
l S
atisfied U
sers
of S
Ps
Traditional network
Our proposed information−centric wireless network virtualization
Figure 28: The number of total satisfiedusers of SPs.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 43 / 61
Outline
3 Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in CarletonVirtual Mobile Network Admission ControlTo enable cache virtualizationDynamic caching in SDN-enabled mobile networks
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 44 / 61
Background
� Future mobile networks (e.g., 5G) can benefit from software-defined networking(SDN) and information-centric networking (ICN).
� Software-defined Mobile Networks (SDMNs) in conjunction with the in-networkcaching shows great potential in future mobile networks.
� It is desirable for the network to follow the users, i.e., adapts its resourceallocation to fulfill user demands (e.g., QoE).
� Effective utilization of the scarce resources (spectrum, APs, and cache).
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 45 / 61
Prior Art
Table 1: Video deliver and resource allocation on SDN and caching in mobile networks.
Resource allocation Dynamic caching Video deliverRadio resource SDN ICN
Yes Yes Null Null NullYes Yes Null Null YesYes Null Yes Null NullNull Null Yes Yes NullYes Null Yes Yes NullNull Yes Yes Null YesYes Null Yes Null Yes
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 46 / 61
Motivations
� Most of current research on the deployment of in-network caching in mobilenetworks assumes that the data distribution is static and fixed during researchtime.
� Few developed content distribution (caching strategies) algorithms take thereal-time mobile network and traffic status into account
� Wireless aceess points (APs) in RANs, such as macro base stations (MBSs),Pico BSs (PBSs) and small BSs (SBSs) may only have limited storage capacity.
� In order to achieve efficient utilization of caches, a traffic-user-aware mechanismis necessary to dynamically prefetch data in caches of APs received from the SDNcontroller.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 47 / 61
Network elements
Figure 29: Network architecture of the cache-enabled SDMN.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 48 / 61
Problem Statement I
� Assumptions· A HetNet with N cache-enabled BSs and the central SDN controller.· The backhaul deploys wired links.· U users request video flows with required data rate.· The central controller stores S0 contents.· Each node n stores Sn piece of contents.· The probability that the user u is served by the node n after a certain time
period δ is known.� Objective· Maximizing a weighted sum of the hitting rates.· Maximizing a log-based weighted sum of the hitting rates.
� Variables· Data rates (source,routes)· Dynamic caching indicator· Video resolution indicator
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 49 / 61
Problem Statement II
Table 2: vMOS of video resolutions.
q resolution Required data rate vq resolution vMOS gq1 4k or more 25 Mbps 4.92 2k 12 Mbps 4.83 1080p 10 Mbps 4.54 720p 5 Mbps 45 480p 2 Mbps 3.66 360p 1.5 Mbps 2.8
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 50 / 61
Problem Statement III
� Constraints· The flow conservation law (traffic engineering).· Backhaul limitations.· Spectrum limitations.· The minimum data requirement.· Cache storage limitations.· Non-negativity of variables.· Binary variables.
� Difficulties· Non-convex.· NP-hard.· Large scale.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 51 / 61
Description of the proposed scheme I
� Dual decomposition· The bandwidth provisioning can be separated from the dynamic cache placing.· An iterative two-stage algorithm.
� Bandwidth provisioning with video resolution adaptation.· A linear integer problem.
� Dynamic cache placing.· 0-1 knapsack problem.· Non-linear integer problem (NLIP).
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 52 / 61
Description of the proposed scheme II
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 53 / 61
Description of the proposed scheme III
Update users requests and location information
and link status
Run Algorithm 2
Predict behaviours of users
Send flow control information and video selections to corresponding
network elements’ resource schedulers.
Select data used to replace existing cache of each AP
UsersFlows from the public network
Control plane
Control signals
Data transmission
SDN controllerControllers in
APs
Update SDN forwarding table
Allocate physical resource (cache,
spectrum and backhaul).
Update cached content list.
Flows from the cloud center
APs
cacheUsers
APs
APs cache
Data plane
Feedback
Control Signal
Figure 30: Flow diagram approach to proposed cache-enable flow control in SDMN.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 54 / 61
Description of the proposed scheme IV
Figure 31: Dynamic caching signaling
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 55 / 61
Simulations I
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Cache size per AP
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
Avera
ge D
ela
y (
ms)
Proposed (high)
Proposed (low)
Baseline (high)
Baseline (low)
(a) Cache capacity
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Backhaul capacity per AP (Mbps)
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
Ave
rag
e D
ela
y (
ms)
Baseline (low)
Baseline (high)
Proposed (low)
Proposed (high)
(b) Backhaul bandwidth
50 100 150
Total number of users
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
Ave
rag
e D
ela
y (
ms)
Proposed (high)
Proposed (low)
Baseline (high)
Baseline (low)
(c) Network load
Figure 32: Impacts of network parameters on delay.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Recent research on SDN, NFV and caching in Carleton 56 / 61
Outline
4 Conclusions and future works
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Conclusions and future works 57 / 61
Challenges
� Isolation
� Control signaling
� Resource discovery and allocation
� Mobility management
� Network management
� Security
� etc.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Conclusions and future works 58 / 61
Broader Perspectives
� Cognitive radio
� Energy efficiency
� Cloud computing
� Mobile edge computing
� V2X networking
� etc.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Conclusions and future works 59 / 61
Q & A
Thank you
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Conclusions and future works 60 / 61
SDNizing mobile networks
Figure 33: Software-defined mobile network at Huawei19
19K. Pentikousis, Wang Yan, and Hu Weihua. “Mobileflow: Toward software-defined mobilenetworks”. In: IEEE Commun. Mag. 51.7 (2013), pp. 44 –53.
Chengchao Liang SDN, NFV and ICN for 5G Conclusions and future works 61 / 61