recent advances in educational methods

12

Upload: harold-taylor

Post on 04-Apr-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 1/12

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 2/12

 

QFGFC[ BK^BCGFW mc

FKVGB[MJCBD @F[EJKW

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 28te Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fcomcffrmco

Fkugbtmjc %FKVGB[MJC /27-

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 2st Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fbrdy Gemdkejjk

Fkugbtmjc %FGFK /27-

Gb`armkof$ VL 

Nfarubry 1811$ 1827

Fkugbtmjcbd [fgecjdjomfs Wfrmfs | ;

MWWC9 111?-;>25MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 3/12

 

QFGFC[ BK^BCGFW mc

FKVGB[MJCBD @F[EJKW

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 28te Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fcomcffrmco

Fkugbtmjc %FKVGB[MJC /27-

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 2st Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fbrdy Gemdkejjk

Fkugbtmjc %FGFK /27-

Gb`armkof$ VL 

Nfarubry 1811$ 1827

Xuadmsefk ay _WFBW Xrfss

www#wsfbs#jro 

Gjpyrmoet © 1827$ ay _WFBW Xrfss 

Bdd tef gjpyrmoet jn tef prfsfct ajjl afdjcos tj tef _jrdk Wgmfctmnmg bck Fcomcffrmco Bgbkf`y bckWjgmfty Xrfss# Bdd rmoets rfsfrvfk# Cj pbrt jn tems puadmgbtmjc `by af rfprjkugfk$ stjrfk mc b rftrmfvbdsystf`$ jr trbcs`mttfk mc bcy njr` jr ay bcy `fbcs$ fdfgtrjcmg$ `fgebcmgbd$ pejtjgjpymco$ rfgjrkmco$ jr jtefrwmsf$ wmtejut tef prmjr wrmttfc pfr`mssmjc jn tef Fkmtjr jn _jrdk Wgmfctmnmg bck Fcomcffrmco Bgbkf`ybck Wjgmfty Xrfss#

Bdd pbpfrs jn tef prfsfct vjdu`f wfrf pffr rfvmfwfk ay cj dfss tebt twj mckfpfckfct rfvmfwfrs#

Bggfptbcgf wbs orbctfk wefc ajte rfvmfwfrs/ rfgj``fckbtmjcs wfrf pjsmtmvf#Wff bdsj9 ettp9**www#wjrdksfs#jro*rfvmfw*mckfx#et`d

MWWC9 111?-;>25MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 4/12

 

QFGFC[ BK^BCGFW mc

FKVGB[MJCBD @F[EJKW

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 28te Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fcomcffrmco

Fkugbtmjc %FKVGB[MJC /27-

Xrjgffkmcos jn tef 2st Mctfrcbtmjcbd Gjcnfrfcgf jc Fbrdy Gemdkejjk

Fkugbtmjc %FGFK /27-

Gb`armkof$ VL 

Nfarubry 1811$ 1827

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 5/12

 

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 6/12

 

Fkmtjrs9Xrjn# N# O# Dupmbcfz$ Vcmvfrsmty Gj`pdutfcsf$ Wpbmc#Xrjn# Bctjbcfdb Cbbim$ !^bsmdf OjdkmŚ! _fstfrc Vcmvfrsmty jn Brbk$ Qj`bcmb#

Qfvmfwfrs9

Bcb @brmb [bvbrfs @brtmcsGdbukmu @frfutb

G# Omrmib Cbvbcffkebc_bc Eussbmc _bc Msebl ^bsmdf Xbud ArfsnfdfbcQfzb WmribcmN# O# Dupmbcfz Cjr Ebzbcb BakuddbeV`fr Bsoefr @mebfdb Kukmtb@brtmc WlutmdMvbc XjobrgmgBcbafdb Oj`fsAbkfb Bcb-Gjrcfdmb

Kbcmfdb DmtbcB`ibk @be`jjkBckrffb Yb`nmr Brmjc Nfdmx@fekm Webrmbt`bkbrm@mco-Wefc Imbc[j`bs Obcmrjc Ir Wbr`b Gbludb@mebmfdb MdmfsguXbcbomjtms OmjbccmsOfjrof @bvrj``btmsGbtbdmc Mjcut Wmdvfstru^bdfry ̂ jkjvjzjv]uduco _u@brgfdb Xbkmddb-OufrrfrjWbctjse Lbdwbr  Cjrbmkb Ebim BdmFustbgef @utfab Byu`abBebkjddbe Bzb`mXemdmppf KjckjcXemdmppf Njurcmfr-^mofr Bctjbcfdb Dugmbcb CbbimBctjcmjs W# Bckrfbtjs

Âdvbrj WbctjsXbvfd ^brbgebQbucj XmrmcfcL#F#Ge# ̂ mkybsbobr  Cjr Nbrmzb @jek Cjr @mebfdb-Gbr`fc @uctfbc@mrfdb WtjmgbcKbrmj Bssbctf@bcufdb Xbcjmu@mebm [m`msWfjco Abfo Lm`Bw ]jlf Gefco

Kbvmk CmgjdftbXbrfse QbtejkBckrfbs ^fodmsJcmctrb Xjjarbsfrt

@fcblb Wmvblu`br Gdbukmb-Ofjroftb Gbrstfb

@bsjkm WbmknukmcYb`bdmb @be`uk

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 6

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 7/12

 

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 >

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 8/12

 

[badf jn Gjctfcts

Xdfcbry Dfgturf 29 Vsmco Gj`putfr Ndumk Kycb`mgs %GNK- njr [fbgemco Eykrjkycb`mgs mc

@brmtm`f Nbgudtmfs

=

 Ku`mtru Kmcu

Xdfcbry Dfgturf 19 _mtejut Xbrfcts [jwbrks Wuggfssnud Mcmtmbd Dmtfrbgy mc Xrfsgejjd Xfrmjk wmte

tef Efdp jn Mcstu`fcts Xrjtfgtfk ay Dfttfrs Xbtfct28

 Ijzmgb Afzibl 

_judk Vcmvfrsmty Bgbkf`mg Wtbnn Af Ebppmfr _mtejut Wtukfcts: 22 @brf [fmge`bcc$ Iyrm Mdvfst Ir#$ Xemdmppf Kjckjc

[fbgemco Cbcjsgbdf Fcomcffrmco tj Bggfdfrbtf Bgbkf`mgMckustrmbd Mccjvbtmjc 25 @brl Wgeudz$ Yebcozebco ]mc$ Cjf Bdvbrfz$ ^fssfdmc Webcjv$ Kfvkbs Xbm$ Wbrbe Xmxdfy$ Iby Lm`

Vsmco Gj`putfr Ndumk Kycb`mgs %GNK- njr [fbgemco Eykrjkycb`mgs mc @brmtm`f Nbgudtmfs 15 Ku`mtru Kmcu

[rbmcmco jc @bccfk Wemp @jkfds$ b _by tj M`prjvf tef @brmcf Fkugbtmjc 7; Xbud AutuŚmcć$ Ku m̀tru Kmcu

B Efurmstmg @jkfd jn Cjc[fgecmgbd Gj`pftfcgfs njr Fcomcffrs ;8 @brf [fmge`bcc$ ^fddm Xbrts$ [bcfd Lfrml`ëf$ @brt @urkvff$ Bmvf Xfvlur 

Qfsfbrge mc Brfb jn Wtukfcts Fctrfprfcfursemp bt @mkkdf bck Vcmvfrsmty Wgejjds 68 Lbtbràcb Lrpâdljvâ Lrfdjvâ$ Xbvfd Lrpâdfl$ Ibc Gerj`y$ @mdjs Wjafl 

[ef Gjcgfpt jn Xfkbojomgbd [rbmcmco kurmco tef Xrjspfgtmvf [fbgefrs” Xrfpbrbtmjc 6> Lbtbràcb Lrpâdljvâ Lrfdjvâ$ Xbvfd Lrpâdfl$ @mdjs Wjafl 

Kftfr`mcmco Bspfgts jn Fdfgtrjcmg Wystf`s njr [fbgemco Wuppjrt >1 Ibc Gerj`y$ @mdjŢ Wjafl$ Lbtbrmcb Lrpbdljvb Lrfdjvb$ Xbvfd Lrpbdfl 

Bspfgts jn [fbgemco Bm`fk bt Grfbtmjc jn _fasmtfs >5 Ibc Gerj`y$ @mdjŢ Wjafl 

Orbct Xrjorb` tj Wuppjrt Omntfk Wtukfcts Njgusfk jc YmoAff [fgecjdjoy ?7 @mgebd Adbej$ İukjvàt Nbrlbs$ Xftfr Njkrfl$ @brtmc Njdtmc

Xrfnfrrfk Mcnjr`btmjc Wjurgfs bck tef Rubdmty jn Jcdmcf Wjurgfs njr Xrjorb``mco Gjursfs ?? @mgebd Adbej$ Xftfr Njkrfl$ İukjvàt Nbrlbs$ @brtmc Njdtmc

@btef`btmgs wmte Wjntwbrf @btef`btmgb bt Qmob [fgecmgbd Vcmvfrsmty 52 @brmib Mdtmcb$ Md`brs Mdtmcs

Cfobtmvf Bssjgmbtmjc Qudfs mc Fkugbtmjc 5?Wydvmb Fcgefvb

Nbgmdmtbtmjc jn Kfgmsmjc Xrjgfssfs Qfdbtfk tj Wfdfgtmco Bssfss`fct [fsts =2Wydvmb Fcgefvb

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 ?

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 9/12

 

Qf`jvbd Xrjgfssfs Wuppjrtfk ay Gjcvfx Ofj`ftrmfs =>Wydvmb Fcgefvb

Wystf`s bck Gyafrcftmgs @jkfdmco jn WfdnQfoudbtfk Dfbrcmco9 Bcbdysms bck M`pdmgbtmjc 288 @be`juk Bakudwbefk$ _bdmk Abdmk 

Fctrfprfcfursemp Fkugbtmjc mc Fcomcffrmco9 B Dmtfrbturf Qfvmfw$ bck bc MctforbtfkF`afk`fct Xrjpjsbd 28>

 @be`juk Bakudwbefk$ Ifebc Bau Eb`bk$ @brb` Ebsbcbmc$ @bzfc J# Ebscb

Lffpmco Gjcstrugtmjc Fcomcffrmco [fgecjdjomfs bck @bcbof`fct Bttrbgtmvf Qfsfbrge jc

Fkugbtmjcbd @brlftmco

221

 Bckrffb-[frfzmb @mrgfb

Fcfroy Fkugbtmjc njr b Cfw Gudturf njr tef Qfsmkfctmbd Aumdkmcos 22> @brgfdb N# Xrbkb$ Obarmfd Afckfb

@bcbof`fct jn Wwm``mco Fkugbtmjc mc Lmckfrobrtfc mc Gzfge Qfpuadmg 218 Armomtb Wtdjulbdjvâ$ [j`âŢ QjztjĀmd 

Fbrdy Gemdkejjk9 [ef M`pbgt jn Gudturf 216 @bmb Jzkf`mr 

Butejrs Mckfx 272

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 5

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 10/12

 

Xdfcbry Dfgturf 2

Vsmco Gj`putfr Ndumk Kycb`mgs %GNK- njr [fbgemco Eykrjkycb`mgs mc @brmtm`f

Nbgudtmfs

Xrjnfssjr Ku`mtru Kmcu

Gjcstbctb @brmtm`f VcmvfrsmtyQj`bcmb

F-`bmd9 kmcukHm`g#rj

Bastrbgt9 BCW]W NDVFC[ ms b GNK prjorb` absfk jc nmcmtf vjdu`f gbdgudbtmjc# Mt sjdvfs tef Cbvmfr-Wtjlfs

fqubtmjcs njr kmnnfrfct gbsfs# [j gbdgudbtf$ wf cffk tj kfnmcf ofj`ftry$ gjrrfspjckmco tj jur prjadf` bck tj grfbtftef `fse %tef vjdu`fs mc 7K jr tef squbrfs mc 1K# Bntfr rfbdmzmco tef ofj`ftry bck tef `fse wf prjgffk tjgbdgudbtf# Xjst prjgfssmco ms bdsj b vfry m`pjrtbct pebsf#Jur stukfcts `fft tef prjorb` jc gjursfs$ bppdmgbtmjcs bck rfsfbrge %`bstfr bck Xe#K# stukmfs#_f usf tems prjorb` tj mddustrbtf ndumk prjpfrtmfs bck sj`f m`pjrtbct pefcj`fcb mc eykrjkycb`mgs9 Afrcjuddm”sfqubtmjcs njr tef rfdbtmvf `jvf`fct jn mkfbd cjc-gj`prfssmadf ndumk$ eykrjstbtmg njrgfs$ ndjw wmte bck wmtejutgmrgudbtmjc brjuck prjnmdfs$ vfdjgmty kmstrmautmjc mc gmrgudbr gjckumts$ njrgfs jc tef eykrjkycb`mg prjnmdfs$ mckugfkrfsmstbcgfs mc tef gbsf jn nmcmtf spbc wmcos$ ajuckbry dbyfr$ ftg# Bdsj tef stukfcts gbc `blf b gj`pbrmsjc aftwffc tef rfsudts jatbmcfk mc tef dbajrbtjry bck tef rfsudts jn sm`udbtmjc

usmco Gj`putfr Ndumk Kycb`mgs# Mc tef pbpfr wf omvf bc fxb`pdf9 ndjw `fbsurf`fct usmco tef bpfrturf stjp#@bmcdy$ tefsf `ftejk ms absfk jc tef nbgt tebt ay terjttdmco tef ndjw sfgtmjc$ tefrf brmsfs b kmnnfrfcgf aftwffc tefprfssurf upstrfb` bck kjwcstrfb` nrj` terjttdmco wemge kfpfcks jc tef strfb` vfdjgmty bck$ m`pdmgmtdy$ jc ndjw#^fgtjrmbd rfprfsfctbtmjc jn tef vfdjgmty nmfdk ms vfry m`pjrtbct tj uckfrstbck tef prjadf`#Nmcbddy$ wf f`pebsmzf tef pjssmamdmty tj usf GNK njr rfsfbrge$ `fctmjcmco sj`f jn tef rfdfvbct wjrls mc tef nmfdk# Mcjcf jn tef` wf stukmfk tef ndjw terjuoe gmrgudbr gjckumt usmco kmstjrtmjcbd sm`mdbrmty ay gj`pbrmco —fxpfrm`fctbd‐rfsudts wmte tefjrftmgbd rfsudts$ gbdgudbtfk ay bppdmgbtmjc jn sgbdf jn peysmgbd `bocmtukfs#[ef prjorb` gbc af usfk bs b —vmrtubd stbck‐ ‗ ms jcf jn tef mctfrfstmco gjcgdusmjcs jn tef pbpfr#

Armfn Amjorbpey jn tef Wpfblfr9 Ku`mtru Kmcu orbkubtfk nrj` tef Vcmvfrsmty jn Obdbtm$ Kmpdj`bt Fcomcffr$ Cbvbd Brgemtfgt bck kjgtjr mc [fgecmgbd Wgmfcgf ‗ Ndumk @fgebcmgs jn tef sb`f Vcmvfrsmty# Nmrst$ ef wjrlfk mc `brmtm`frfsfbrge$ kffp kmvmco systf`s bck `brmcf tfgecjdjomfs mc Qj`bcmbc Mcstmtutf njr @brmcf Qfsfbrge# Mc 2==8$ Ku`mtruKmcu afomcs bc bgbkf`mg gbrffr mc Gjcstbctb @brmtm`f Vcmvfrsmty# Xrjnfssjr nrj` 2==7 bck Kjgtjrbd [efsmsWupfrvmsjr nrj` 1882$ ef ms b rfgjocmzfk spfgmbdmst mc Ndumk @fgebcmgs bck @brmcf [fgecjdjomfs# Ef wrjtf 28 ajjlsbck jvfr 68 sgmfctmnmg pbpfrs mc tef nmfdks9 @brmcf [fgecjdjomfs$ Ndumk @fgebcmgs bck Eykrbudmg @bgemcfs$ @brmcfXjddutmjc$ @brmtm`f Fkugbtmjc bck [rbmcmco# Njr`fr Qfgtjr jn Gjcstbctb @brmtm`f Vcmvfrsmty$ Xrjn# Kmcu dfbks cjw tef@brmcf Fcomcffrmco rfsfbrge Gfctfr jn tef Vcmvfrsmty# Ems rfsfbrgefs njgus cjw jc Kfsmoc bck rfsfbrge mc cbvbdnmfdk usmco Gj`putfr Ndumk Kycb`mgs# 

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 =

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 11/12

 

Xdfcbry Dfgturf 1

_mtejut Xbrfcts [jwbrks Wuggfssnud Mcmtmbd Dmtfrbgy mc Xrfsgejjd Xfrmjk wmte tef Efdp jn 

Mcstu`fcts Xrjtfgtfk ay Dfttfrs Xbtfct

Xrjnfssjr Ijzmgb Afzibl Vcmvfrsmty jn Xrm`jrslb XFN

Gbclbrifvb 6$ >888 Ljpfr Wdjvfcmb

F-`bmd9 ijzmgb#afzibl2Ho`bmd#gj`

Bastrbgt9 Wuggfssnudcfss jn tef gjctf`pjrbry `ftejk jn mcmtmbd dmtfrbgy wbs tef rfsfbrge”s `bttfr# Jur bm` wbs tj

`bcunbgturf mccjvbtmvf mcstru`fcts njr rfbkmco bck wrmtmco tebt gbc af usfk njr prfsgejjd gemdkrfc ‗ fdfgtrjcmgkmkbgtmg tbadfts$ bcbtj`mgbddy kfsmocfk pfc bck sjuck pmgturf ajjls$ bck tj tfst tef` mc prbgtmgf mc lmckfrobrtfcs$nmrst orbkfs jn cmcf-yfbr prm`bry sgejjd$ prjorb``fs njr gemdkrfc wmte spfgmbd cffks bck wmte mddmtfrbtf bkudts#@jrfjvfr$ wf qufstmjcfk tef gurrfct `ftejk jn tef mcmtmbd dmtfrbgy# _f kj cjt afdmfvf mc tef rfbsjcbadfcfss jn wrmtmcojvfr-km`fcsmjcbd dfttfrs jc tef adbglajbrk bck mc tef cjtfajjl bs tems tblfs gemdkrfc tjj `uge fcfroy bck msgj`pdftfdy mcbkfqubtf smcgf wf kj cjt wrmtf wmte tef sejudkfr bck tef fdajw$ aut wf wmte tef twmst jn tef wrmst bck

usubddy wmte terff nmcofrs#[ebt ms wey wf stbrtfk tj temcl ejw wf gjudk `blf mcmtmbd rfbkmco bck wrmtmco fbsmfr bck jn b sejrtfr wby tj dmtfrbgy#[ef mkfb”s gjcgfpt wbs bc fdfgtrjcmg kmkbgtmg tbadft# [j `blf rfbkmco `jrf pdfbsbct$ tefrf ms b pmgturf ajjl$bvbmdbadf mc gdbssmg bck fdfgtrjcmg sjuck njr`#Nurtefr`jrf$ tj `blf tef wrmtmco tbadf fvfc `jrf usfnud bck bttrbgtmvf wf bkkfk bkkmtmjcbd fdfgtrjcmg kfvmgfs wemgefcbadf9• tef kmspdby jn tef cu`afr jn tef rfpftmtmjcs jn wrmtmco jc fdfgtrjcmg tbadft %DGK kmspdby$• rfwbrkmco tef usfr bntfr gfrtbmc cu`afr jn rfpftmtmjcs wmte butj`btmg sjuck pdby jn `fdjkmfs nrj` tef sjuck pmgturfajjl$• tef pjssmamdmty jn gjccfgtmco wmte tef XG wemge wjudk mcgrfbsf kmkbgtmg tbadft”s bppdmgbamdmty %vjgbd kmgtbtmco dfttfrs$lffpmco stbtmstmgs####[ef rfsudts jn tef rfsfbrge sejwfk fxtrbjrkmcbry suggfssnudcfss jn jur mccjvbtmvf `ftejk bntfr jcdy b njurtffc kbyusbof jn tef mcstru`fcts# Mc gjcgdusmjc wf gb`f tj gjocmtmjc jn kmkbgtmgbd mcstru`fcts bppdmgbamdmty mc m`prjvmcomckmvmkubd”s ebckwrmtmco stydf bck mc `fkmgbd purpjsfs kurmco tef rfebamdmtbtmjc jn mckmvmkubds bntfr tef strjlf#

Armfn Amjorbpey jn tef Wpfblfr9 Ijųmgb Afzibl mc tef nmfdk jn fkugbtmjc M bgemfvfk b kmpdj`b tefsms$ @bstfr/s bckXe#K# kforff mc tef nmfdk M bkvbcgfk `btfrmbds bck tfgecjdjomfs mc CbrbvjsdjvcjtfecmĀcm Nbgudty$ Vcmvfrsmty jn Diuadibcb bck mc pfkbojoy tefsms MM9 MOMX - [mtfd Furjpëmsgefr Mcofcmfurpëkbojof - !MCO - XFBK MOMX! Bustrmb bckXe#K# kforff MM9# Xrjifgt-Vctfrrmgetsbrafmt mc kfr m` tfgecmsgef Lrfbtmvmtët sgeudmsgefc Lurrmludu`9 vjc kfr ams zur Lmckfrobrtfc tfgecmsgef Nbludtëtsbusamdkuco$ Bustrmb# Wgmfctmnmg rfsfbrge bck fkugbtmjcbd wjrl ms gbrrmfk jut nrj`2=5> tj 1822cb vbrmjus sgmfctmnmg bck fkugbtmjcbd mcstmtutmjcs-tef Cbturbd Wgmfcgfs bck Fcomcffrmco Nbgudty bt tefnmfdk jn bkvbcgfk `btfrmbds bck tfgecjdjomfs bck bt tef Xfkbojomgbd Nbgudty bck tef Vcmvfrsmty jn Xrm`jrslb$ tefVcmvfrsmty jn Ldbofcnurt$ Vcmvfrsmty jn Vstm cbk Dbamc$ Vcmvfrsmty jn Xmdscu mc tef Gzfge Qfpuadmg$ wefrf M dfgturfk bttef uckfrorbkubtf pjstorbkubtf stuky prjorb` @btef`btmgs$ Fcomcffrmco$ Xeysmgs$ Fcomcffrmco$ Xrf-sgejjd bckgdbssrjj` mcstrugtmjc#Ef ebs `jrf tebc >=1 wjrls mc GJAMWW Gj-jpfrbtmvf jcdmcf amadmjorbpemg systf`$ jn wemge `jrf tebc 18`jcjorbpes$ wemge ebs bdsj rfgfmvfk cu`frjus ejcjrs bck bwbrks$ b`jco tef` tef twj emoefst stbtf bwbrk$ tef`fkbd wmccfr Wjgrbtfs WJ^B %1887 njr tef emoefst bgemfvf`fcts mc tef tef bgbkf`mg tfbgemco jn !spfgmbd fcobofkbck fxgfddfct tfbgemco mc emoefr fkugbtmjc!$ bck wjc tef emoefst cbtmjcbd bwbrk jn Wdjvfcmb njr tef emoefst

bgemfvf`fcts mc sgmfctmnmg rfsfbrge bck tfbgemco %1886#Wef ms tef prfsmkfct jn tef Bssjgmbtmjc jn [fbgefrs jn tfgecmgbd grfbtmvmty jn Wdjvfcmb$ wefrf jvfr tef dbst tfc yfbrs%1887 - 1822 wbs bdsj prfsmkfct jn tef Jrobcmzmco bck Wgmfctmnmg Gj``mttff bck fkmtjr jn tef Mctfrcbtmjcbd WgmfctmnmgWy`pjsmu` ![fgecmgbd Grfbtmvmty bck tef sgejjd/s gurrmgudb wmte tef njr` jn prjifgtdfbrcmco! Nrj` mkfb tj tef prjkugt!- nrj` tef Lmckfrobrtfc tj tef tfgecmgbd nbgudty$ Xjrtjrjz$ Wdjvfcmb#

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 28

7/29/2019 Recent Advances in Educational Methods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recent-advances-in-educational-methods 12/12

Butejrs Mckfx

 Bakudwbefk$ @# 288$ 28> Lrpbdfl$ X# 68$ 6>$ >1

 Bau Eb`bk$ I# 28> Lrpbdljvb Lrfdjvb$ L# 68$ 6>$ >1

 Bdvbrfz$ C# 25 @mrgfb$ B#-[# 221

Abdmk$ _# 288 @urkvff$ @# ;8Afckfb$ O# 22> Jzkf`mr$ @# 216

Adbej$ @# ?7$ ?? Xbm$ K# 25

AutuŚmcć$ X# 7; Xbrts$ ^# ;8

Gerj`y$ I# 68$ >1$ >5 Xfvlur$ B# ;8

Kmcu$ K# 15$ 7; Xmxdfy$ W# 25

Kjckjc$ X# 22 Xrbkb$ @# N# 22>

Nbrlbs$ D# ?7$ ?? QjztjĀmd$ [# 218

Njkrfl$ X# ?7$ ?? Wgeudz$ @# 25

Njdtmc$ @# ?7$ ?? Webcjv$ ^# 25

Ebsbcbmc$ @# 28> Wjafl$ @# 68$ 6>

Ebscb$ @# J# 28> Wjafl$ @# >1$ >5Mdtmcb$ @# 52 Wtdjulbdjvâ$ A# 218

Mdtmcs$ M# 52 Wydvmb Fcgefvb$ W# 5?$ =2$ =>

Mdvfst Ir#$ I# 22 [fmge`bcc$ @# 22$ ;8

Lfrml`ëf$ [# ;8 ]mc$ Y# 25

Lm`$ I# 25

Qfgfct Bkvbcgfs mc Fkugbtmjcbd @ftejks

MWAC9 =?5-2->258;-2>7-8 272