Reasons for ExplorationReasons for Exploration

►GoldGold—money and wealth from controlling a—money and wealth from controlling a trade route to Asia for luxury items trade route to Asia for luxury items

--gain more land—raw materials--gain more land—raw materials --actual riches—gold, silver, gems--actual riches—gold, silver, gems

►GloryGlory—power from owning/controlling the —power from owning/controlling the most land most land

--fame from being the 1--fame from being the 1stst to discover to discover new land new land

►GodGod—spread the Christian religion and —spread the Christian religion and convert convert more people more people

European Exploration began in the late 1400’s. Ultimately, European rulers were looking to increase their wealth through trade with Asian nations. Most explorer’s voyages were financially backed by the Portuguese or Spanish rulers. Their main goal was to find another trade route to Asia (Italian& Arab merchants controlled the route across the Mediterranean Sea). Portugal led the way but was quickly followed by Spain. Portugal’s Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator) sparked the desire to look for a sea route to Asia.

Portugal

Spain

Portuguese navigator and explorer who led the first European expedition that rounded the tip of Africa, which he called the Cape of Good Hope (1488), opening the sea route to Asia via the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

He was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504, sailing for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain. On his first trip, He led an expedition with three ships, the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.

In the spring of 1494, representatives of Spain and Portugal met in the Spanish town of Tordesillas and negotiated a solution to their dispute over the new world. The Line of Demarcation was drawn at position about 43 degrees West. Portugal was allowed to claim all the land east of the line (Brazil, Africa and India) Spain was allowed to claim all the land west of the line (most of North & South America)

Portugal’s ClaimsSpain’s Claims

He was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to India by sailing all the way around Africa. He left Portugal in June of 1497 and reached India in May of 1498. This gave Portugal their water route to the Indies.

He was an Italian explorer who was the first person to realize that the Americas were separate from the continent of Asia. On his first expedition (sailing for Spain, 1499-1500), Vespucci discovered the mouth of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers in South America, thinking it was part of Asia. On his second expedition (sailing for Portugal, 1501-02) he mapped some of the eastern coast of South America, and came to realize that it was not part of Asia, but a New World. America was named for him in 1507, when a German mapmaker, printed the first map that used the name America for the New World.

He was a explorer for Spain. He was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean (in 1513), after crossing the Isthmus of Panama overland. He traveled 25 days across land and saw the Pacific Ocean.

Ponce de Leon was searching for the legendary fountain of youth and other riches for Spain. He went North from Hispaniola on the advice of the Native Americans. Thus, he was the first European to set foot in Florida in 1513.

He was a Spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire and claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-21). Cortes sailed with 11 ships from Cuba to the Yucatan Peninsula to look for gold, silver, and other treasures. Hearing rumors of great riches, Cortés traveled inland and "discovered" Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire. He then brutally killed the Aztec emperor Montezuma and conquered his Aztec Empire of Mexico, claiming all of Mexico for Spain in 1521.

He was a Spanish explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the Earth (1519-1522). He also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean). He died in the Philippines, but his crew returned to Spain.

He was a Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific coast of America along Peru. He "discovered" the Incan empire in 1531 and conquered it brutally and quickly, stealing immense hoards of gold, silver, and other treasures by 1535.

He was a Spanish explorer who sailed the Atlantic Ocean and was the first European to explore the southeastern US. He claimed all this land for Spain from 1539-1542.

He was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He set out to find the seven cities of lost gold. In doing so he was the first European to explore and claim North America's Southwest in 1540-1542.

ReviewReview►After you have written in your AgendaAfter you have written in your Agenda

Discuss with your partner:Discuss with your partner: 1. What was mercantilism?1. What was mercantilism? 2. Why did the Spanish colonists use Native 2. Why did the Spanish colonists use Native

Americans as slaves? How did this help Americans as slaves? How did this help mercantilism? mercantilism?

3. Why did the Spanish colonists stop using 3. Why did the Spanish colonists stop using Native Americans as slaves? How did they Native Americans as slaves? How did they solve their labor issue then? solve their labor issue then?

TodayToday►Using textbook pages 49-57 find out Using textbook pages 49-57 find out

1. Why the French, Dutch and English 1. Why the French, Dutch and English wanted to explore America in the wanted to explore America in the 1500-1600’s 1500-1600’s

2. 2. What each explorer accomplished or What each explorer accomplished or claimed in America claimed in America

►Fill out the chart on Binder pg. 105 as you Fill out the chart on Binder pg. 105 as you are reading—you may check in with your are reading—you may check in with your partner for clarification partner for clarification

England, France and the Netherlands all envied Spain’s new empire in the Americas. They wanted American colonies of their own. Throughout the 1500’s, European nations continued looking for new ways to reach the riches of Asia. They thought that Magellan’s route was too long. They wanted to discover a shorter Northwest Passage, or a waterway through or around North America.

He was an English explorer who in 1497, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and “rediscovered” Newfoundland, Canada— though he thought he landed in Asia

He was an Italian navigator who, in 1524, explored the northeast coast of North America from Cape Fear, North Carolina to Maine while searching for a Northwest passage to Asia. Verrazzano sailed for King François of France.

He was a French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada, in 1534, 1535, and 1541. He was looking for a route to the Pacific through North America (a Northwest Passage) but did not find one. He paved the way for French exploration of North America by sailing inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. He also named Canada; "Kanata" means village or settlement in the Huron-Iroquois language.

He was an English explorer who first worked for the Dutch. His claims to the Hudson River for the Dutch in 1609 led to the settlement of New Amsterdam.___________________________ In 1611 he explored Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay for England.

He was a French explorer and navigator who mapped much of northeastern North America (1603-1615)and started the first French settlement in Quebec. He also discovered the lake later named for him (1609) and was important in establishing and administering the French colonies in the New World.

Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette found the Mississippi River in 1673; they were the first Europeans to travel the Mississippi River. They traveled along Lake Michigan to Green Bay, canoed up the Fox River, and went downstream on the Wisconsin River to the Mississippi River. They traveled almost to the mouth of the Arkansas River, claiming all the land for France

He was a French explorer sent by King Louis XIV (14) to travel south from Canada and sail down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He was the first European to travel the length of the Mississippi River (1682). His mission was to explore and establish fur-trade routes along the river. La Salle named the entire Mississippi basin Louisiana, in honor of the King, and claimed it for France on April 9, 1682.

He was the first director general of New Amsterdam, a Dutch colony in America. He was sent to the area by the Dutch West India Company. He is famous for buying the island of Manhattan (in what is now New York City) from Native Americans in 1626. He bought the island with trinkets valued at about $24. He founded New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan.

TodayToday►Use textbook pages 47-57 to complete the Use textbook pages 47-57 to complete the

chart on Binder pg. 106chart on Binder pg. 1061. You and your partner will be reading 1. You and your partner will be reading

thethe text and determining which information text and determining which information should be added to the chart about the should be added to the chart about the key characteristics of the Spanish, French key characteristics of the Spanish, French and Dutch colonies and Dutch colonies

►Discuss with your partner the similarities and Discuss with your partner the similarities and differences between the colonies and make a differences between the colonies and make a chart on the back of pg. 106 to record your key chart on the back of pg. 106 to record your key ideas.ideas.