real world testbeds emulation for mobile ad-hoc networks
TRANSCRIPT
Kishan Patel
Presentation On
Real World Testbeds Emulation for Mobile Ad-hoc Real World Testbeds Emulation for Mobile Ad-hoc NetworksNetworks
Prepared by:
Kishan N. PatelIT Department,
SVMIT Bharuch
International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications (ICACTA-2015)
Outline Overview of MANET MANET challenges Evaluation techniques Emulation Simulation vs Emulation Why Emulate Testbeds Categories and Architecture Literature review Conclusion References
Overview of MANET A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring,
infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires. Host movement is frequent. Topology changes frequently.
No cellular infrastructure. Multi-hop wireless links. Data must be routed via intermediate nodes.
AA BB AABB
MANETs Challenges Packet loss due to transmission errors Variable capacity links Frequent disconnections/partitions Limited communication bandwidth Broadcast nature of the communications Dynamically changing topologies/routes Lack of mobility awareness by system/applications Short battery lifetime Limited capacities
EvaluationEvaluation TechniquesTechniques
1. Simulation
A simulation system consists of many assumptions and artificial modeling, in order to reach a certain realistic degree.
2. Emulation
With a higher degree of realism than simulators, It can still control the repeatability of tests and use real hardware combined with simulation software, to conduct experiments in controlled conditions. They use artificial assumptions which are sometimes unrealistic.
3. Real-World Testbeds
Real-world testbeds have the higher level of realism because they are not based on assumptions about the experimental conditions
EMULATIONEMULATION Emulation focuses on creating an original computer environment, which can
be time-consuming and difficult to achieve, and also it is very costly because of its ability to maintain a closer connection to the authenticity object.
Emulation provide fully controlled and reproducible environment and it shows realism.
The most important thing in the emulation is protocols which are implemented will be tested without any modification. It is cost effective and scalable.
Simulation vs Emulation
a) Simulation represents a real
system by off-line software.
b) A simulation can run at any speed
relative to the real world, and it
puts out information while it is
running and afterwards to indicate
how the real system would have
behaved.
a) In emulation a system which acts
like another system in some ways.
b) An emulation is supposed to seem
to the user like the real thing. This
is useful for testing software or
hardware without having to buy
the real thing to test it on.
Why Emulate …??
Emulation is required to introduce the simulator into a live network. In
emulation object within the simulator are capable of introducing live
traffic into the simulator and injecting traffic from the simulator into the
live network.
Emulation provides environment without modifications to the software
and validates software solutions for ad hoc network.
A field test will show rather the simulation work is going on right track
or not and going from the simulator to the real thing directly to analyze
the performance and compare the results of routing protocols.
A Testbed is a framework for testing, comparing and evaluating algorithms and protocols in the real world.
I. Mobility modeling Real Mobility
The physical position of nodes can be changed by real mobility either by manually carrying the mobile devices, by using robots. Testbeds are based on real mobility.
Channel EmulationChannel emulation is based on nodes which are stationary and radio signals are changed to emulate the properties of a time varying radio channel.
Logical ConnectivityThe mobility modeling approaches deals with physical radio signals. It is very costly to solve problems in the radio-frequency domain due to components such as antennas, multiplexers, attenuators.
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II.Wireless Medium Modeling
Emulation deals with the physical interaction between nodes by modeling the characteristics of the wireless shared medium.
III.Node variabilityHybrid Emulation
Emulation setup consisting of several physical machines, each host contain one or multiple virtual node instances.
One-to-One mappingA physical machine that holds only a single virtual node.
Monolithic EmulationEmulation setup consisting of a single physical machine which holds all virtual nodes. In contrast to network simulation, at least on communication layer is real implemented running on the operation system.
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IV. Control mechanism
Classification of testbeds according to control mechanism:Centralized controlIn centralized control an emulation of the node movement is done by the central server. The nodes send their outgoing traffic to a main server, frames/packets that forwards, drops, or alters which is according to the network topology and wireless medium conditions.Distributed controldistributed control approaches build on clients that are mutually connected via wireless shared medium. Nodes in the network receive the entire communication automatically and also determine whether incoming packets are accepted or rejected based on logical connectivity.
CONTINUE…
V. Scalability and Cost efficiency Scalability/size
Addresses the number of nodes. Cost efficiency
In terms of cost for the required hardware and software, as well as the required space for deployment.
CONTINUE…
LITERATURE REVIEWTestbedsName
Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling
Cost efficiency Scalability protocol
JEMU[18] Centralized 12 physical Logical connectivity/wired
low medium DSR
WHYNET[28]
Distributed - Real /wireless medium medium -
MobiEmu[15]
Distributed 50 physical Logical connectivity/wired
high medium PROACTIVE ROUTING
PROTOCOL
ORBIT[12] Centralized 400 physical Antenna switching/Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
high low AODV/OLSR
NAMEN[14]
Centralized 1 physical Logical connectivity/pointer passing
high high OLSR
Castadiva[9][10]
Centralized - Logical connectivity / IEEE 802.11
medium high OLSR
TestbedsName
Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling
Cost efficiency Scalability protocol
MASSIVE[25]
Distributed 13 physical Logical connectivity/wired
medium low AODV
NET[5] Distributed 64 physical 1920virtual
Logical connectivity/wired
high high AODV
MNE[16] Distributed 10 physical Real person/ IEEE 802.11
medium low OLSR
Truemobile[32]
Real world testbed
16 physical Real robots/IEEE 802.11
low low -
Mint[21] Real world testbed
8 physical Robots/IEEE 802.11
low low AODV
Ne[4] Distributed - Logical connectivity/wired
low low DSR
TestbedsName
Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling
Cost efficiency Scalability protocol
DAWN[29] Real world testbed
10 physical real person/2.4 GHZ RF
low low ZRP
Gray[30] Distributed 33 physical Real person/IEEE 802.11
medium low AODV
Mobi Net[17]
Centralized 200 virtual Logical connectivity/wired
high DSR
RAMON[25]
Radio Frequency emulation
1 physical channel emulation/IEEE 802.11
- low -
PoEm[11] Centralized - channel emulation/real traffic
medium hign MULTI RADIO ROUTING
PROTOCOL
ART-NET[13] Distributed - real environment
low medium OSPF
TestbedsName
Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling
Cost efficiency Scalability protocol
APE[20] Distributed 17 physical Real person/IEEE 802.11
medium low AODV/DSR/OLSR
Ritter[22] Real world testbed
5 real nodes Real person/bluetooth
low low MAC LAYER PROTOCOL
Kaba[31] Radio Frequency emulation
4 physical channel emulation
low low DSR
Engel[36] Distributed 5 virtual per physical node
Logical connectivity
medium medium -
CONCLUSION Most of the research work has been performed on the simulator.
Sometimes there may be instability in the network performance and unexpected
behavior of the nodes due to external effects, but it is difficult to anticipate the behavior
of the nodes in real surroundings.
Consequently testing the actual environment is required and it is very pricey and time
consuming. We present a survey of testbeds for choosing an appropriate tool for testing
mobile ad hoc networks.
Every emulator have its own limitations, some shows good results in specific setting
while some may not perform in a similar context. We conclude that the selection of an
emulator largely depends upon given environment.
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