reading: the key to academic success
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Joliet, Illinois June 11, 2010. Today’s Agenda: Understanding through text types Five Gears of Reading Writing a one-sentence summary The Comprehension Process Vocabulary and Comprehension. Reading: The Key to Academic Success . Comprehension Strategies. Presenter: Amy Benjamin - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Reading: The Key to Academic Success
Comprehension Strategies
Presenter: Amy BenjaminYou may access any of today’s visuals at: www.amybenjamin.com
Joliet, IllinoisJune 11, 2010
Today’s Agenda: 1. Understanding through text types2. Five Gears of Reading3. Writing a one-sentence summary4. The Comprehension Process5. Vocabulary and Comprehension
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What is the significance oftext types?
A reader who is aware of the text type is better able to:
1. Mentally organize the information (be oriented)2. Predict and anticipate3. Recall the key information4. Establish an accurate relationship between key ideas and supportive details
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Outline: Descriptive information about a single topic
All About Ants
I. HabitatA. B.
II. Life cycleA. B.
III. Food sourcesA. B.
Controlling Question:
What is it? What are itsparts or branches?
How does it work?
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I. Changes caused by Industrial RevolutionA. How people workedB. How people lived
II. Before the IRA. Workers mostly in rural areasB. Families worked together on farmsC. Most items made by handD. Children continued work of parents
Outlines: Text I
III. During and After the IR A. Families moved to cities
B. City living conditions1. Families less together2. Factory work
a. Dirtyb. Dangerous
C. Machinery1. Rapid production2. Decline of hand-made goods
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Sequence: Story Arc
Controlling question:
What happens(ed)?
Background(exposition)
Events, in time order
Events buildto this point
Ending(resolution)
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Text II: Eos and Tithonius
Controlling question:
What happens(ed)?
Background(exposition)
Events, in time order
Events buildto this point
Ending(resolution)
Eos, daughter of the Sun
Eos falls in love with Tithonius, a mortal. They marry and are happy. They appeal to Zeus to grant Tithonius immortality.Though immortal, he still ages.
Tithonius begs for death, but Eos cannot undo the spell
E transforms T into a g’hopper; Memories are eternal
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Relationship: T-Chart
Comparison/Contrast:Subject A
Comparison/Contrast:Subject B
Causes Effects
Problem Proposed solution
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Text V: Cause & Effect
Come before effects Come after causes
May be more than one
AKA: results, consequences
Causes Effects
May be more than one; may result in more than one effect
Clue words: because, therefore, due to, as a result
Ex: The wind knocked down a tree
Ex: The wind knocked down a tree
AKA: stimulus
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The 3 Major TexTTypes
Outline
A B
T-Chart
I. A. B.
II. A. B.
Story Arc
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Cooperative Learning Protocol for Improving Reading Comprehension
4-Step Process
1. Let’s summarize:
2. Let’s ask:
3. Let’s clarify:
4. Let’s predict:
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Let’s summarize:
The ABOUT, AND technique:
1. It’s about…….. (one or two words)
2. and….
3. who, what, when, where, why, or how….
It’s about birds
It’s about birds and how they fly.
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Text I:
It’s about the Industrial Revolution and how it changed family life.
Text II: It’s about Eos and Tithonius and how their ill-fated love story played out.
Text III:It’s about England and why it is to be treasured.
Text IV:It’s about the different kinds of taxes and what they are used for.
Text V:It’s about cause and effect relationships and how you can recognize which is which.
Summaries:
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Cooperative Learning Protocol for Improving Reading Comprehension
2. Let’s ask: Questioning the Text
3 Kinds of questions:1. “Right there”: The answer is stated directly
I. Yes/NoII. Who/what/when/where/why/how
2. “Put it together”: The answer is impliedin the text
3. “Beyond the Text”: The answer is not given; the textevokes the question
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Five Gears of Reading:
Skim it: Scan it: Sample it: Read it: (optional) Study it:
Glance over it; (30 secsper page); getthe gist; be able tostate what it is aboutin a complete sentence
Look it over with an eagle’s eye, scanningfor specific information,such as information thathas key words to answerquestions
Now that you’ve let thetext wash over you, readit thoroughly: every word,every sentence, everygraphic.
Go back, as necessary,getting a more useful andpermanent understanding. This may involve workingwith a partner, takingnotes, creating graphic organizers, and othermeaning-making activities.
www.amybenjamin.com
Find a segment that is most interesting to you and read it carefully.
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The Reading Process:
BeforeDuringAfter
15
3C’s:B:Connect ! (4 connections)D: Concentrate ! (5 behaviors)A: Complete ! (3 choices)
Or, 3F’s: B: FrontloadD: FocusA: Finish
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The Reading Process:
Before: Connect !
16
3 C’s
Connection 1: Background knowledge (incl. key vocab)
Connection 2: Text type (organizational structure)
Connection 3: Establish a purpose for reading
Connection 4: Overview
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Before:Connection 1:Activate Background knowledge
17
3 C’s
“What comes to mind when I say the word______?”
“What do/does ___________remind you of?”
“What do you see in your mind when I say ______?”
“What words are you seeing that you need to know moreabout?
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Before:Connection 2:Prepare for the text type (organizational structure)
18
3 C’s
Picture the structure. Set up a “mental closet” to containthe information. Think about what you expect in thisstructure.
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Before:Connection 3:Read with a purpose.
19
3 C’s
Decide what you are looking for.
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Before:Connection 4:Overview.
20
3 C’s
THIEVVES:TitleHeadingsIntroductory paragraphEvery first sentence of every paragraphVisuals and Vocabulary End-of-chapter questionsSummary
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The Reading Process:
During: Concentrate!
21
3 C’s
Adjust the environment: eliminate all sensorydistractions
Visualize: Look for imagery in the text Visualize the organizational structure
Monitor comprehension: Be prepared to reread and/orseek outside help
Be an active reader: Anticipate, react, predict, question connect
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The Reading Process:After: Complete!
22
3 C’s
Write, talk, or draw
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The Academic Word List (AWL):
Background: The Academic Word List consists of 570 word families that are not in the most frequent 2,000 words of English but which occur frequently over a very wide range of academic texts.These 570 word families are grouped into ten subsets that reflect word frequency. A word like analyze falls into Subset 1, which contains the most frequent words, while the wordadjacent falls into Subset 10 which includes the least frequent (among this list of high incidence words).
The AWL is not restricted to a specific field of study. That means that the words are useful for learnersstudying in disciplines as varied as literature, science, health, business, and law. This high-utility academic word list does not contain technical words likely to appear in one,specific field of study such as amortization, petroglyph, onomatopoeia, or cartilage. Two-thirds of all academic English derive from Latin or Greek.
Understandably, knowledge of the most high-incidence adademic words in English can significantly boost a student’s comprehension level of school-based reading material. Students who are taught these high-utility academic words and routinely placed in contexts requiring their usage are likely to be able to master academic material with more confidence and efficiency, wasting less time and energy in guessing words or consulting dictionaries than those who are only equipped with the most basic 2000-3000 words that characterize ordinary conversation.
Source: Coxhead, Averil. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 213-238.
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Of Limited Value…Lists aloneContext aloneDefinitions aloneDictionaries and Glossaries alone
Of Durable Value…Words in clustersMultiple exposures in various contextsChances to speak, hear, write the wordsManipulation of forms of wordsClassify and categorize word listsWord games
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Think of a child that you know well.
Turn & Talk: Talk about how this
child began to use language. How did he or she
learn his or her first words, phrases, and
sentences?
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This is Charlotte.
Role play a conversation
that you would have with
Charlotte about juice.
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“Charlotte, are you thirsty?
Would you like some juice?
What kind of juice do you
want? Do you want apple
juice? That’s the yellow juice
that you liked at Nana’s. No?
Do you want the purple juice? The grape juice?
OK. Do you want your juice in the sippy cup or
the Big Girl juice box? OK, now hold it carefully.
Two hands. Don’t squeeze it! It’ll spill all over the
place. Very carefully.Sip it through the straw.
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What do you think are the instructional implications
for your ELL’s?
• Repetition in various contexts and forms• Physical associations with the language• “Target words” presented with “accessory• words”• Connect word to experience
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“The Raven”: Vocabulary List
LoreMorrowSurceaseEntreatObeisanceBeguileCountenanceCravenDiscoursePlacidMelancholyPlutonianPallidLetheNepentheRespite
Strangers Acquaintances Friends
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Key Idea IV:We need both verbal and non-verbal processing.
structure
technical
mechanism
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Key Idea IV:We need both verbal and non-verbal processing.
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Key Idea IV:We need both verbal and non-verbal processing.
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Complete sentence of at least ____words: Must contain an action verb and a visual image.
Target Word:
Visual:Draw or find a picture:
My guess: Glossary Definition:
Vocabulary Chart:
Definition in my own words:
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5 Strategies for Learningf Words on a Vocabulary List:
Classify Build Analyze Morph Synthesize
Studentsthink of waysin which thewords ontheir lists canbe classified(sorted,arranged,organized)
Studentsbuild wordsinto phrases;
phrases intosimplesentences;
simple sentencesinto complexsentences
Students breakwords downinto prefixes,roots, suffixes
(Word Study)
Studentsmanipulate thewords intodifferent partsof speech byadding endings
Students usetheir words togenerate ideasfor a writingpiece:
Purposes:
To inform,To entertain,To persuade,To socialize
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Word Components: Level 1 (usually known in elementary grades)
Prefixes
ex-pre-re-un-dis-non-im-mis-mini-maxi-
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Word Components: Level 2 (usually known in intermediate grades)
Prefixes
co-; con-; com-syn-; sym-in-; en- (into)sub-; sup-e-a-; ab-inter-intra-mono-uni-bi-; tri-; quad-, etc.
cent-; milli-; mega-poly-; multi-omni-trans-semi-bio-; geo-; eco-
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Word Components: Level 3 (usually known in high school)
Prefixes
pseudo-demi-endo-; ecto-pro-per-peri-hemi-ob-bene-mal-
photo-nom-ig-muni-contra-philo-