READING AND WRITING Processes and Acquisitions of Reading READING, WRITING, AND THINKING Writing Is frozen speech Metalinguistic An essential part explaining ones own thinking Leads to an ongoing process of self knowledge THE LINK BETWEEN READING AND CONTENT WRITING Communication Readers evaluate the authors expertise and biases Writers consider the natures and background of intended audiences Construction of meaning Organization To focus on either skill naturally involves the other THE LINK BETWEEN READING AND CONTENT WRITING Focus writing assignments on the relationship between the two disciplines. Writing before reading to pull prior knowledge can help the student comprehend the text as it can activate prior knowledge and facilitate organization of ideas. Connecting the two, purposefully, is highly beneficial! TEACHING WRITING Student tend to put more effort into work that will be seen by authentic audiences - not just the teacher. Model with well crafted non-fiction books, newspapers, magazine articles. Give mini-lessons, modeled lessons, guided practice, and feedback. Writing and conferences should take place just after the mini-lesson WRITING-TO-LEARN ACTIVITIES Language Experience Materials Content Journals Reading Response Journals Character Journals Social Justice Notebooks Response to Thought Questions Creative Applications WRITING-TO-LEARN ACTIVITIES Paraphrasing Summarizing Dialogue Journals Written Conversations RAFT Assignments Research Reports Expository Writing WRITING-TO-LEARN ACTIVITIES Lab Reports Photo Essays Pen Pals Internet Writing Projects Mentoring Projects EVALUATION OF WRITING All writing is not graded by the teacher Evaluated by the author Evaluated by peers Evaluated in student-teacher conference Rubrics List characteristics and quality level expected Analytic scales Point value attached to each required feature STRUGGLING READERS AND ELLS Use modified writing workshop. Use model literature. Begin with shared writing. For ELLs, also use translation activities and relay writing. STRUGGLING READERS AND ELLS Offer a variety of short non-fiction texts. Develop writing together through shared writing. Compose a group or class draft. Use GRR model. Provide published writings as patterns. Dialogue journals are especially useful with ELL students. WRITING Is a thinking tool. Is a tool for obtaining self-knowledge. It enhances retention of content material.