read the following passage and mark the letter a, b, c, or...

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate

the best answer to each of the following questions.

Television, like language, can be a cultural challenge for better or worse, and this is what it is in

many of its activities, whether voluntarily or, on occasion involuntarily. Although it may sometimes be

soothing, television is often provocative in the sense that it gives information and arouses interest. That being

said, the new means of broadcasting and communicating throughout the world increases the complexity of

television even further.

An important question is what television is there to do and to say. In actual fact, however, the issue

does not seem to have been put in this way by all governments and their officials, nor by private television

companies.

Since the primary aim is to get an audience (and who would want to make television programs

nobody looked at?), programs are becoming more and more standardized. The cultural challenge represented

by television must not turn into a challenge to culture. At all events, television carries massages which

influence, and will increasingly influence, trends in societies one way or another. Either television will

contribute to enriching our culture or to enabling some of these cultures to dominate others.

Undoubtedly there are outstanding events, such as broadcasts of major occasions, but the out-of-the-

ordinary nature of a cultural message soon becomes part of life, part of the every air breathed by those to

whom the messages are sent. Living in a world of painting, literature and music is a very different thing from

the stardom of a composer, writer or performer. While the heads of television channels sometimes display

boldness, they do not seem to find it necessary to do so when it comes to music (with the occasional

exception), because they themselves are not convinced of the emotional impact of music on television. And

yet, in spite of all obstacles, music is a challenge through its daily presence. This represents a victory for

whom? Pure music that is to say, music soberly presented through the playing of the performers goes down

very well on the small screen. Its presence on television makes it part of everyday life.

Let us be optimistic and hope that those in charge of television of whatever kind are aware of the

importance of their function over and above audience surveys and ratings and that they will call primarily on

the talents of cultural people and give them priority over the salesman.

1. What is the effect of television according to the author?

A. It causes intellectual laziness B. It makes the viewers think. C. It is harmful to society. D. It confuses the viewers. 2. Televisions function is to make people ___________.



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A. Confused of what is happening B. More interested in what is happening C. More culturally oriented D. More educated in society 3. In the authors opinion, what is wrong with the attitude of some governments to television?

A. They do not think it is important. B. They do not pay enough attention to its function. C. They do not use it effectively. D. They have too much control over it. 4. The influence that television may have is possibly ______________.

A. Ignored by almost everybody B. Greatly considered by governments C. A substantial benefit for private companies D. An enrichment and also a challenge to cultures 5. The author thinks that television programs are in danger of ____________.

A. Trying to please too many people B. Preventing the development of society C. Losing their effect on our culture D. Declining in popularity 6. What are the heads of television not convinced of its impact?

A. Music B. Literature C. Fine arts D. Painting 7. According to the author, the heads of the television channels____________.

A. Have an adventurous approach to presenting music B. Broadcast only important musical events C. Do not think music is effective on television D. Do not want music to be part of everyday life 8. Music has become _____________.

A. Very important to television program producers B. Very important to policy makers C. Part of the cultural message D. Part of daily life 9. What does the author hope will be the future of television?

A. More popular programs will be broadcast. B. Television controllers will change their attitudes. C. Audience will go on increasing.



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D. The right kind of program-makers will be appointed. 10. The best title for this passage is?

A. Television and its programs B. The influence of televisions on governments and companies C. The impact of television on culture D. The standardization of television programs

1. What is the effect of television according to the author?

E. It causes intellectual laziness

F. It makes the viewers think. G. It is harmful to society. H. It confuses the viewers. Gii thch: Theo tc gi nh hng ca truyn hnh l g?

A. N gy ra s li suy ngh

B. N lm cho ngi xem phi suy ngh.

C. N c hi cho x hi.

D. N gy bi ri cho ngi xem.

Thng tin on sau:

Although it may sometimes be soothing, television is often provocative in the sense that it gives

information and arouses interest. That being said, the new means of broadcasting and communicating

throughout the world increases the complexity of television even further.

(Trong tt c cc s kin, truyn hnh mang li cc thng ip c nh hng v s ngy cng gy

nh hng, cc xu hng trong x hi theo cch ny hoc cch khc. Hoc truyn hnh s ng gp vo vic

ci thin x hi hoc cho php mt s nn vn ha chi phi cc nn vn ha khc.)

Bi v truyn hnh mang li cho ngi xem nhng thong ip c sc nh hng n lm cho

ngi xem phi suy ngh.

2. Televisions function is to make people ___________.

E. Confused of what is happening

F. More interested in what is happening G. More culturally oriented H. More educated in society Gii thch: Chc nng ca truyn hnh l lm cho mi ngi ___________ .



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A. Nhm ln v nhng g ang xy ra

B. Quan tm n nhng g ang xy ra

C. C nh hng v vn ha nhiu hn

D. C gio dc trong x hi

Thng tin on sau: Television, like language, can be a cultural challenge for better or worse,

and this is what it is in many of its activities, whether voluntarily or, on occasion involuntarily. Although it

may sometimes be soothing, television is often provocative in the sense that it gives information and arouses

interest. (Truyn hnh, ging nh ngn ng, c th l mt th thch vn ha cho nhng iu tt p hn

hoc ti t hn, v iu ny nm cc hot ng ca n, l t nguyn hay l v . Cho d c lc nh nhng,

nhng truyn hnh thng mang tnh khiu khch khi n mang li nhng thng tin v lm tng nim hng

th.)

3. In the authors opinion, what is wrong with the attitude of some governments to television?

E. They do not think it is important.

F. They do not pay enough attention to its function. G. They do not use it effectively. H. They have too much control over it. Gii thch: Theo kin ca tc gi, thi ca mt s chnh ph i vi truyn hnh c g sai?

A. H khng ngh rng n quan trng.

B. H khng quan tm y n chc nng ca n.

C. H khng s dng n mt cch hiu qu .

D. H kim sot n qu nhiu.

Thng tin on sau: An important question is by private television companies. (Mt cu hi

quan trng l truyn hnh lm g v ni ln iu g. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, vn ny khng c v c cc

chnh ph v cc quan chc hay cc cng ty truyn hnh t nhn nhn nhn theo cch ny.)

4. The influence that television may have is possibly ______________.

E. Ignored by almost everybody F. Greatly considered by governments G. A substantial benefit for private companies

H. An enrichment and also a challenge to cultures Gii thch: S nh hng m truyn hnh c th c th ______________ .

A. B hu h mi ngi pht l



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B. B chnh ph xem xt

C. Mt li ch ng k cho cc cng ty t nhn

D. C hi lm giu v cng l mt thch thc i vi cc nn vn ha

Thng tin on sau: Since the primary aim is cultures to dominate others. (V mc tiu hng

u l thu ht khn gi (v lm g c ai mun lm ra nhng chng trnh m chng c ai xem?), cc chng

trnh ngy cng c tiu chun ha. Nhng th thch vn ha khng c truyn hnh m t c khng

c php tr thnh nhng th thch thnh vn ha. Trong tt c cc s kin, truyn hnh mang li cc thng

ip c nh hng v s ngy cng gy nh hng, cc xu hng trong x hi theo cch ny hoc cch khc.

Hoc truyn hnh s ng gp vo vic ci thin x hi hoc cho php mt s nn vn ha chi phi cc nn

vn ha khc.)

5. The author thinks that television programs are in danger of ____________.

E. Trying to please too many people F. Preventing the development of society G. Losing their effect on our culture H. Declining in popularity Gii thch: Tc gi cho rng cc chng trnh truyn hnh ang c nguy c ____________ .

A. C gng lm hi lng nhiu ngi

B. Ngn chn s pht trin ca x hi

C. Mt tm nh hng trong nn vn ha ca chng ta

D. Gim s ph bin

Since the primary aim is to get an audience (and who would want to make television programs

nobody looked at?), programs are becoming more and more standardized.

(V mc tiu hng u l thu ht khn gi (v lm g c ai mun lm ra nhng chng trnh m

chng c ai xem?), cc chng trnh ngy cng c tiu chun ha.)

6. What are the heads of television not convinced of its impact?

E. Music F. Literature G. Fine arts H. Painting Gii thch: Nhng ngi ng u ca truyn hnh khng b thuyt phc bi tc ng ca ci g?

A. m nhc



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B. Vn hc

C. Ngh thut chn chnh

D. Hi ha

Thng tin on sau: While the heads of television channels sometimes display boldness, they do

not seem to find it necessary to do so when it comes to music (with the occasional exception), because they

themselves are not convinced of the emotional impact of music on television.

(Trong khi nhng ngi ng u ca cc knh truyn hnh i khi cho thy s to bo, h c v

thy iu l khng cn thit i vi m nhc (vi ngoi l thng xuyn), v chnh h khng tin vo nhng

tc ng cm xc ca m nhc vi truyn hnh.)

7. According to the author, the heads of the television channels____________.

E. Have an adventurous approach to presenting music F. Broadcast only important musical events G. Do not think music is effective on television H. Do not want music to be part of everyday life Gii thch: Theo tc gi, nhng ngi ng u cc knh truyn hnh __________.

A. C phng php pht nhc y mo him

B. Ch pht nhng s kin m nhc quan trng

C. Khng ngh rng m nhc c hiu qu trn truyn hnh

D. Khng mun m nhc l mt phn ca cuc sng hng ngy

Thng tin on sau: While the heads of television channels sometimes display boldness, they do

not seem to find it necessary to do so when it comes to music (with the occasional exception), because they

themselves are not convinced of the emotional impact of music on television.

(Trong khi nhng ngi ng u ca cc knh truyn hnh i khi cho thy s to bo, h c v

thy iu l khng cn thit i vi m nhc (vi ngoi l thng xuyn), v chnh h khng tin vo nhng

tc ng cm xc ca m nhc vi truyn hnh.)

8. Music has become _____________.

E. Very important to television program producers F. Very important to policy makers

G. Part of the cultural message H. Part of daily life Gii thch: m nhc tr thnh _____________ .



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A. Rt quan trng i vi cc nh sn xut chng trnh truyn hnh

B. Rt quan trng cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch

C. Mt phn ca nhng thng ip vn ha

D. Mt phn ca cuc sng hng ngy

Thng tin on sau: Pure music that is to say, music soberly presented through the playing of

the performers goes down very well on the small screen. Its presence on television makes it part of

everyday life.

(m nhc thun ty ni l th, m nhc phn nh chn thc qua s th hin ca ngi biu din

i xung r tt trn mn nh nh. S xut hin ca n trn truyn hnh khin n tr thnh 1 phn ca cuc

sng.)

9. What does the author hope will be the future of television?

A. More popular programs will be broadcast. B. Television controllers will change their attitudes. C. Audience will go on increasing. D. The right kind of program-makers will be appointed. Gii thch: Tc gi hy vng iu g v tng lai ca truyn hnh?

A. cc chng trnh ph bin khc s c pht sng.

B. Nhng ngi iu hnh truyn hnh s thay i thi .

C. Khn gi s tip tc gia tng.

D. Nhng ngi lm chng trnh s c b nhim ng n.

Thng tin on sau: Let us be optimistic over the salesman. (Chng ta hy lc quan v tin

tng rng nhng ngi c trch nhim trong ngnh truyn hnh bt c mng no s nhn thc c tm

quan trng ca vai tr ca chng vt ln trn cc iu tra v t sut khn gi v h s ku chiu m c ti

nng ca nhng ngi c vn ha v u tin h hn nhng ngi kinh doanh.)

10. The best title for this passage is?

E. Television and its programs F. The influence of televisions on governments and companies

G. The impact of television on culture H. The standardization of television programs Gii thch: Nhan hay nht cho on vn ny l g?

A. Truyn hnh v cc chng trnh truyn hnh



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B. S nh hng ca TV i vi cc chnh ph v cc cng ty

C. Cc tc ng ca truyn hnh v vn ha

D. Cc tiu chun ca chng trnh truyn hnh

Bi vit ni ln nhng tc ng ca truyn hnh nh mt th thch ca nn vn ha v nu ra

nhng xu hng tc ng (nh nhng, khiu khch, mang thng ip, ), xu hng lm truyn hnh v hi

vng ca tc gi i vi chng trnh truyn hnh trong tng lai.

Dch bi:

Truyn hnh, ging nh ngn ng, c th l mt th thch vn ha cho nhng iu tt p hn hoc

ti t hn, v iu ny nm cc hot ng ca n, l t nguyn hay l v . Cho d c lc nh nhng, nhng

truyn hnh thng mang tnh khiu khch khi n mang li nhng thng tin v lm tng nim hng th. C

th ni l, phng thc pht sng v giao tip mi trn khp th gii lm tng thm s phc tp ca truyn

hnh.

Mt cu hi quan trng l truyn hnh lm g v ni ln iu g. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, vn ny

khng c v c cc chnh ph v cc quan chc hay cc cng ty truyn hnh t nhn nhn nhn theo cch

ny.

V mc tiu hng u l thu ht khn gi (v lm g c ai mun lm ra nhng chng trnh m

chng c ai xem?), cc chng trnh ngy cng c tiu chun ha. Nhng th thch vn ha khng c

truyn hnh m t c khng c php tr thnh nhng th thch thnh vn ha. Trong tt c cc s kin,

truyn hnh mang li cc thng ip c nh hng v s ngy cng gy nh hng, cc xu hng trong x hi

theo cch ny hoc cch khc. Hoc truyn hnh s ng gp vo vic ci thin x hi hoc cho php mt s

nn vn ha chi phi cc nn vn ha khc.

Chc chn c nhng s kin ni bt, chng hn nh chng trnh pht sng vo nhng dp quan

trng, nhng bn cht bt thng ca mt thong ip vn ha sm tr thnh mt phn ca cuc sng, mt

phn ca hi th t nhng ngi gi thng ip i. Sng trong th gii hi ha, vn hc v m nhc l nhng

tri nghim rt khc nhau n t nhng ngi sao son nhc, nh vn hoc ngi biu din. Trong khi nhng

ngi ng u ca cc knh truyn hnh i khi cho thy s to bo, h c v thy iu l khng cn

thit i vi m nhc (vi ngoi l thng xuyn), v chnh h khng tin vo nhng tc ng cm xc ca m

nhc vi truyn hnh. V mc cho tt c ro cn, m nhc vn l mt th thch trong hin ti. iu ny i

din cho s thng th ca ai? m nhc thun ty ni l th, m nhc phn nh chn thc qua s th hin ca

ngi biu din i xung r rt trn mn nh nh. S xut hin ca n trn truyn hnh khin n tr thnh 1

phn ca cuc sng.

Chng ta hy lc quan v tin tng rng nhng ngi c trch nhim trong ngnh truyn hnh

bt c mng no s nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vai tr ca chng vt ln trn cc iu tra v t sut



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khn gi v h s ku chiu m c ti nng ca nhng ngi c vn ha v u tin h hn nhng ngi

kinh doanh.

Questions 46 - 55. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer

sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each

slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the

one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames

and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. This is generally

referred to as computer-assisted animation, because4 the computer is more of a helper than an

originator.

In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence

of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the

pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database consists of endpoints, and color and

intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because

animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional

transformation, shading, and curvatures.

High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with

special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory

for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen.

A camera can be used to film directly from the computers display screen, but for the highest

quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer computes the positions and

colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on

film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the

recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence

has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. It the

entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and

rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation

companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their

computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.

1. What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?



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A. The production process B. The equipment needed

C. The high cost D. The role of the artist

2. According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the

_________.

A. first frame B. middle frames

C. last frame D. entire sequence of frames

3. The word they in the second paragraph refers to __________.

A. formulas B. databases C. numbers D. objects

4. According to the passage, the positions and colors of the figures in high-tech animation are

determined by ___________.

A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time

C. store individual images D. create new frames


determined by __________.

A. drawing several versions

B. enlarging one frame at a lime

C. analyzing the sequence from different angles

D. using computer calculations

6. The word captures in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.

A. separates B. registers C. describes D. numbers

7. The word Once in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. before B. since C. after D. while

8. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?

A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.

B. They hand-draw successive frames.

C. They calculate high-resolution images.



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D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

9. The word task in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. possibility B. position C. time D. job

10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation.

B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.

C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.



1. What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The production process B. The equipment needed

C. The high cost D. The role of the artist

Gii thch: Bi kha ch yu tho lun v kha cnh no ca vic sn xut phim hot hnh trn my

tnh?

A. Qu trnh sn xut B. Cc thit b cn thit

C. Chi ph cao D. Vai tr ca cc ha s

Bi kha cp n qu trnh sn xut phim hot hnh trn my tnh t nhng khu v bng tay ban

u n qu trnh chnh sa v c ch hot ng ca my tnh trong cc qu trnh .

2. According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the

_________.

A. first frame B. middle frames

C. last frame D. entire sequence of frames

Gii thch: Theo on vn, trong phim hot hnh do my tnh h tr vai tr ca my tnh l v

_________ .



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A. khung u B. khung gia

C. khung cui D. ton b chui khung

Thng tin on sau: .In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the

different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer

will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing. ( Trong vic lm hot hnh trn my

tnh, d my tnh c th v cc mng hnh khc nhau, nhng hu nh ngi ngh s s v mng hnh

u tin v cui cng v my tnh s sn xut ra cc hnh v gia phn u v phn cui.)

3. The word they in the second paragraph refers to __________.

A. formulas B. databases C. numbers D. Objects

Gii thch: T "they" trong on th hai cp n __________ .

A. cng thc B. c s d liu C. nhng con s D. cc vt th

Thng tin on sau: These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the

objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. (Nhng cng thc ny da trn cc c s

d liu m rng ca cc con s m nh cc vt th trn cc bc tranh khi chng tn ti trong khng

gian ton hc.)

i t they thay th cho objects pha trc.

4. According to the passage, the frame buffer mentioned in the first paragraph is used to

___________.

A. add color to the images B. expose several frames at the same time

C. store individual images D. create new frames

Gii thch: Theo bi kha, b m khung c nhc n trong on 1 c dung _______.

A. thm mu sc cho hnh nh B. chiu mt vi khung hnh cng mt lc

C. lu tr tng hnh nh mt D. to khung hnh mi

Thng tin on sau: The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a

single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen. (Thit b m hnh nh khng

l g khc ngoi mt b nh hnh nh khng l quan st mt mng hnh. N gi cho hnh nh tm

thi hin ln trn mn hnh.)


determined by __________.



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A. drawing several versions

B. enlarging one frame at a lime

C. analyzing the sequence from different angles

D. using computer calculations

Gii thch: Theo on vn, v tr v mu sc ca cc nhn vt trong phim hot hnh cng ngh cao

c xc nh bng cch __________ .

A. v ra mt s phin bn

B. m rng khung hnh

C. phn tch trnh t t cc gc khc nhau

D. s dng cc php tnh ton trn my tnh

Dn chng: In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final

sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects

in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space.

(Trong vic lm phim hot hnh trn my tnh y , nhng cng thc ton hc phc tp c s

dng sn xut cc chui thc ca hnh nh. Nhng cng thc ny da trn cc c s d liu m

rng ca cc con s m nh cc vt th trn cc bc tranh khi chng tn ti trong khng gian ton

hc.)

6. The word captures in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.

A. separates B. registers C. describes D. Numbers

Gii thch: T captures on 4 gn ngha nht vi _____________.

Ta c: (to) capture = (to) register: bt li, ghi li

Cc p n cn li:

(to) separate: tch ra

(to) describe: m t

(to) number: nh s

7. The word Once in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. before B. since C. after D. While



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Gii thch: T once on 4 gn ngha nht vi _____________.

Trong ng cnh ny, ta nn hiu: Once = after (conj): sau khi

Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame.

(Sau khi qu trnh ny hon tt, n s lp i lp li trong khung hnh tip theo.)

Cc p n cn li:

Before (conj): trc, trc khi

Since (conj): k t khi

While (conj): trong khi

8. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion?

A. They experiment with computer-generated line drawings.

B. They hand-draw successive frames.

C. They calculate high-resolution images.

D. They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

Gii thch: Theo on vn, cc cng ty lm phim hot hnh trn my tnh thng xuyn kim tra

chuyn ng nh th no?

A. H th nghim vi bn v do my tnh to ra.

B. H v tay nhng khung hnh k tip.

C. H tnh ton cc hnh nh c phn gii cao.

D. H pht trin cc cng thc ton hc rng.

Thng tin on sau: Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple

computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-

resolution, realistic-looking images.

(Thng th, cc cng ty sn xut hot hnh trn my tnh ban u thc hin kim tra chuyn ng

bng cc bn v phc s lc bng my tnh trc khi chuyn my ca h sang khu tnh ton phn

gii cao, cc hnh nh nhn chn tht.)

9. The word task in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. possibility B. position C. time D. Job



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Gii thch: T task on 4 gn ngha nht vi _____________.

Ta c: task = job (n): cng vic, nhim v

Cc p n cn li:

Possibility (n): kh nng

Position (n): v tr, a v

Time (n): thi gian

10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A. Computers have reduced the costs of animation.

B. In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed.

C. Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

D. Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.

Gii thch: Khng nh no sau y ng vi on vn?

A. My tnh lm gim chi ph ca hot hnh.

B. Trong tng lai, cc ha s truyn thng s khng cn cn thit.

C. Cc ha s l khng th to ra cc bn v cht lng cao nh nhng bn v my tnh.

D. Vic sn xut phim hot hnh lin quan n mt lot cck nng v k thut v ngh thut.

D khng khng nh trc tip trong bi nhng chng ta u thy vic sn xut phim hot hnh l mt

cng vic kh khan gm nhiu cng on, v vy n i hi cao v k xo v ngh thut.

Dch bi:

Vic sn xut phim hot hnh truyn thng c thc hin bng v tay hoc bng cc mng hnh

v hon chnh ca mt vt th, m mi mt mng hnh v ny li khc bit vi mng hnh trc .

Trong vic sn xut hot hnh trn my tnh, d my tnh c th v cc mng hnh khc nhau, nhng

hu nh ngi ngh s s v mng hnh u tin v cui cng v my tnh s sn xut ra cc hnh v

gia phn u v phn cui. y c xem nh cch sn xut hot hnh vi s h tr trn my tnh, v

my tnh gip ch nhiu hn thay v l ci m u.

Trong vic lm phim hot hnh trn my tnh y , cng thc ton hc phc tp c s dng

sn xut cc chui thc ca hnh nh. Nhng cng thc ny da trn cc c s d liu m rng ca



16

cc con s m nh cc vt th trn cc bc tranh khi chng tn ti trong khng gian ton hc. C s

d liu bao gm cc thit b cui, mu sc v cng thng tin. Cc chuyn gia c c trnh cao

rt cn thit trong vic to ra hiu ng nh vy v hnh nh ng c mc chn thc cao lin quan

n k thut my tnh chuyn i ba chiu, to bng, v cong.

My tnh sn xut hot hnh cng ngh cao gm cc h thng my tnh t tin cng vi cc

thit b phi mu sc c bit hoc cc thit b m hnh nh. Thit b m hnh nh khng l g khc

ngoi mt b nh hnh nh khng l quan st mt mng hnh. N gi cho hnh nh tm thi hin ln

trn mn hnh.

Mt camera c th c s dng quay phim trc tip t mn hnh hin th ca my tnh,

nhng i vi nhng hnh nh cht lng cao nht c th, thit b quay phim t tin s c s dng.

Cc my tnh s tnh ton cc v tr v mu sc cho cc con s trong hnh, v gi thng tin ny n cc

my ghi ghi n li trn phim. Tuy nhin, i khi, nhng hnh nh c lu tr trn a t loi ln

trc khi c gi n my ghi. Sau khi qu trnh ny hon tt, n s lp i lp li trong khung

hnh tip theo. Khi ton b trnh t c ghi li trn phim, b phim phi c xy dng trc c th

xem nhng hnh nh ng. Khi b chui c v khng ng, cc pha chuyn ng phi c chnh sa,

tnh ton li, hin th li, v ghi li. Phng php ny c th rt tn km v mt thi gian. Thng th,

cc cng ty sn xut hot hnh trn my tnh ban u thc hin kim tra chuyn ng bng cc bn v

phc s lc bng my tnh trc khi chuyn my ca h sang khu tnh ton phn gii cao, cc hnh

nh nhn chn tht.



Color in textiles is produced by dyeing, by printing, or by painting. Until the nineteenth century,

all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more rarely, animal or mineral sources. Since madder plants

could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some species of the madder plant family were used

from the earliest period to produce a whole range of reds. Red animal dyes, derived from certain species

of scale insects, were also highly value from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Blues were

obtained from woad, a plant common in Europe and also used in the Near East from the beginning of

the Christian era. Before the first, nonfading solid green was invented in early nineteenth century,

greens were achieved by the overdyeing or overpriting of yellow and blue. However, yellow dyes,

whether from weld or some other plant sources such as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or

disappear. This accounts for the bluish tinge of what were once bright greens in, for example, women

tapestry.



17

The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes

developed during the eighteen hundreds. By 1900, a complete range of synthetic colors had been

evolved, many of which reached a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to

washing that greatly exceeded that of natural dyestuffs. Since then, petroleum industry has added many

new chemicals, and from these, other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in

dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, for

example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to be developed;

nylon and Terylene presented similar problems.

The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the exception of printing

patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that

is, immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

1. The passage mainly discusses the __________ .

A. Development of synthetic colors for texiles during the nineteenth century.

B. Advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals

C. Differences between dyeing texibles and printing items

D. History of the use of natural and chemical dyes to color texiles

2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textile dyes that were used before the

nineteenth century?

A. Animals

B. Minerals

C. Plants

D. Chemicals

3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red?

A. It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location.

B. Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources.

C. Plant sources produced more lasting colors than other plant sources.

D. Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes.



18

4. One disaddvantage of green dyes before the nineteenth centure was ___________.

A. The yallow dyes were expensive

B. They lost their original color

C. The blue dyes involved lost their color

D. The final color varied

5. The green areas in women tapestries developed a bluish tige because ___________.

A. A darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow

B. Light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue

C. The yellow dye that was used in the tapestries had faded

D. The dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals

6. Red dyes came mostly from ___________.

A. Animals

B. Plants and insects

C. Indigo

D. Minerals

7. How did chemacal dyes compare to natural dyes?

A. The chemical dyes had less attractive colors.

B. The chemical dyes were less easy to use

C. The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light.

D. The chemical dyes held up better after washing.

8. The chemical dyes keep color because they are less prone to _____________.

A. sunshine

B. wind

C. restriction

D. wear



19

9. According to the passage, what problem led to the development of the new dyes after 1900?

A. Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers

B. Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers

C. New synthetic fibers lost required brighter colors than natural fibers did.

D. New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed.

10. What does the author mean by block, roller, or screen?

A. To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing.

B. To argue that all methods printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing.

C. To emphasize the variety of special tools used the process of dyeing textiles.

D. To give examples of textile priting techniques that do not involve dyeing.

. Questions 56 - 65. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer


1. The passage mainly discusses the __________ .

A. Development of synthetic colors for texiles during the nineteenth century.

B. Advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals

C. Differences between dyeing texibles and printing items

D. History of the use of natural and chemical dyes to color texiles

Gii thch: on vn ch yu tho lun v __________ .

A. S pht trin mu tng hp cho dt may trong th k XIX .

B. u im ca thuc nhum ha hc so vi thuc nhum c ngun gc t thc vt v ng vt

C. S khc bit gia hng dt may c nhum v cc hang c in.

D. Lch s ca vic s dng thuc nhum t nhin v ha hc to mu cho dt may.

on vn cp n s ra i, ngun gc t nhin, s pht trin ca cc loi thuc nhum ban u v

nhng u nhc im ca chng dn n s ra i ca thuc nhun ha hc.



20

2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textile dyes that were used before the

nineteenth century?

A. Animals

B. Minerals

C. Plants

D. Chemicals

Gii thch: Theo on vn, ngun gc ca hu ht cc loi thuc nhum c s dng trc khi th k

XIX l g?

A. ng vt

B. Khong sn

C. Thc vt

D. Ha cht

Thng tin on sau: Until the nineteenth century, all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more

rarely, animal or mineral sources.

(Cho n th k 19, tt c cc thuc nhum c chit xut t thc vt hoc t thng dng hn l t

ng vt v cc ngun khong cht. )

3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red?

A. It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location.

B. Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources.

C. Plant sources produced more lasting colors than other plant sources.

D. Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes.

Gii thch: Li th ca vic s dng cc cy thin tho lm cc tong mu khc nhau l g?

A. C th trng cy thin tho hu ht mi ni.

B. Cy thin tho to ra mu sc ti sng hn so vi cc loi thc vt khc.

C. Thc vt to ra mu sc bn hn so vi nhng ngun thc vt khc .

D. Thuc nhum c ngun gc t cy thin tho l d x l hn nhng thuc nhum khc.



21

Thng tin on sau: Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some

species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a whole range of

reds.

T khi cc cy thin tho c trng rng ri mi ni, r ca mt s loi h cy thin tho c

s dng t thi k xa xa nht to nn cc tng mu )

4. One disaddvantage of green dyes before the nineteenth centure was ___________.

A. The yallow dyes were expensive

B. They lost their original color

C. The blue dyes involved lost their color

D. The final color varied

Gii thch: Mt bt li ca thuc nhum mu xanh l cy trc khi th k XIX l ___________ .

A. Thuc nhum mu vng rt t tin

B. Chng b mt mu sc ban u

C. Nhng thuc nhum mu xanh b mt mu sc

D. Mu cui cng b bin i

Thng tin on sau:

Before the first, nonfading solid green was invented in early nineteenth century, greens were

achieved by the overdyeing or overpriting of yellow and blue. However, yellow dyes, whether from

weld or some other plant sources such as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear.

(Trc tin, mu xanh l cy khng b phai c pht minh vo u th k th 19, mu xanh l

c ly bng cc nhum mu vng vi mu xanh lam ln nhau. Tuy nhin, thuc nhum mu

vng, d l t cy hoa vng hay mt s ngun cy khc nh cy ngh ty, hay c ngh, lun b m

hoc mt i.)

5. The green areas in women tapestries developed a bluish tige because ___________.

A. A darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow

B. Light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue

C. The yellow dye that was used in the tapestries had faded



22

D. The dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals

Gii thch: Nhng vng mu xanh l cy nhng tm thm dnh cho ph n xut hin mu hi xanh

v ___________ .

A. Mt mu ti hn, nh mu xanh dng, tri hn mt mu sng nh mu vng

B. nh sng lm thay i mt s thuc nhum mu xanh l cy trong tm thm thnh mu xanh dng

C. Cc cht nhum mu vng c s dng trong nhng tm thm b phai i

D. Cc cht nhum mu c s dng to mu cho thm dt c lm t khong cht

Thng tin on sau: However, yellow dyes, whether from weld or some other plant sources such as

saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear. This accounts for the bluish tinge of what were once

bright greens in, for example, women tapestry.

(Tuy nhin, thuc nhum mu vng, d l t cy hoa vng hay mt s ngun cy khc nh cy ngh

ty, hay c ngh, lun b m hoc mt i. iu ny gii thch cho du vt xanh m ca vt tng c

mu xanh sng, v d nh, thm thu ca ph n.)

6. Red dyes came mostly from ___________.

A. Animals

B. Plants and insects

C. Indigo

D. Minerals

Gii thch: Thuc nhum mu ch yu c chit xut t ___________ .

A. ng vt

B. Thc vt v cn trng

C. Cy chm

D. Khong sn

Thng tin on sau: Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some

species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a whole range of reds.

Red animal dyes, derived from certain species of scale insects, were also highly value from ancient

times through the Middle Ages.



23

(T khi cc cy thin tho c trng rng ri mi ni, r ca mt s loi h cy thin tho c

s dng t thi k xa xa nht to nn cc tng mu . Thuc nhum t ng vt xut pht t

mt s loi cn trng c vy nht nh, cng c gi tr cao t thi c i qua thi trung i.)

7. How did chemacal dyes compare to natural dyes?

A. The chemical dyes had less attractive colors.

B. The chemical dyes were less easy to use

C. The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light.

D. The chemical dyes held up better after washing.

Gii thch: Thuc nhum ha hc so vi thuc nhum t nhin nh th no?

A. Thuc nhum ha hc c mu sc km hp dn hn.

B. Thuc nhum ha hc khng d s dng hn

C. Thuc nhum ha hc nhanh b mt sng hn khi tip xc vi nh sng.

D. Thuc nhum ha hc gi mu tt hn sau khi git.

Thng tin on sau: By 1900, a complete range of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of

which reached a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly

exceeded that of natural dyestuffs.

(Cho n nm 1900, mt ph mu tng hp hon chnh c pht trin, phn nhiu trong s

t n tiu chun hn ch s phai mu di tc ng ca nh sng v vic git v iu ny vt

tri hn hn so vi cht to mu t nhin.)

8. The chemical dyes keep color because they are less prone to _____________.

A. sunshine

B. wind

C. restriction

D. wear

Gii thch: Thuc nhum ha hoc gi mu sc v chng t b nh hng bi _______ .

A. nh nng mt tri

B. gi



24

C. s hn ch

D. s n mc

Thng tin on sau: By 1900, a complete range of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of

which reached a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly

exceeded that of natural dyestuffs.

(Cho n nm 1900, mt ph mu tng hp hon chnh c pht trin, phn nhiu trong s

t n tiu chun hn ch s phai mu di tc ng ca nh sng v vic git gi v iu ny

vt tri hn hn so vi cht to mu t nhin.)

9. According to the passage, what problem led to the development of the new dyes after 1900?

A. Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers

B. Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers

C. New synthetic fibers lost required brighter colors than natural fibers did.

D. New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed.

Gii thch: Theo on vn, vn no dn n vic pht trin mt loi thuc nhum mi sau nm

1900?

A. Nhng thuc nhum pht trin trc y khng c hiu qu trn cc loi si mi.

B. Thuc nhum c ngun gc t du m gy ra thit hi cho si tng hp mi

C. Si tng hp mi mt i mu sc ti sng so vi si t nhin.

D. Nhng loi vi mi d dng b mt mu khi c git.

Thng tin on sau: Much of the research in dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the

new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, for example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new

range of dyes had to be developed; nylon and Terylene presented similar problems. (Nhiu nghin

cu v thuc nhum c thc y nh nhng tnh cht ring bit ca mt s s t tng hp mi, v

d nh, Acetate, ban u n nhp vi cc thuc nhum v cc thuc nhum mi cn phi c pht

trin; nylon v vi Terylene cng gp phi vn tng t.)

10. What does the author mean by block, roller, or screen?

A. To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing.

B. To argue that all methods printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing.



25

C. To emphasize the variety of special tools used the process of dyeing textiles.

D. To give examples of textile priting techniques that do not involve dyeing.

Gii thch: Tc gi c ngha g khi ni n khun, trc ln, hay mn che?

A. cung cp cc v d v k thut in dt c da trn vic nhum.

B. lp lun rng tt c cc phng php in n mu trn vi dt u bao gm nhum.

C. nhn mnh s a dng ca cc cng c c bit trong cc qu trnh nhum vi si.

D. cung cp cho cc v d v k thut in trong dt may m khng lin quan n nhum.

Thng tin on sau: The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the

exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these

are based on dyeing; that is, immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

(Vic in trong dt may bao gm nhiu phng php. Ngoi tr vic in hoa vn trc tip ln vi, cho d

l bng khun, trc ln, hay mn che, tt c nhng vt ny u c th da vo vic nhum mu; l

ngm vi vo trong chu nhum.)

Dch bi:

Mu sc trong dt may c to ra bng cch nhum mu, in hoc sn. Cho n th k 19, tt c

cc thuc nhum c chit xut t thc vt hoc t thng dng hn l t ng vt v cc ngun

khong cht. T khi cc cy thin tho c trng rng ri mi ni, r ca mt s loi h cy thin

tho c s dng t thi k xa xa nht to nn cc tng mu . Thuc nhum t ng vt

xut pht t mt s loi cn trng c vy nht nh, cng c gi tr cao t thi c i qua thi trung

i. Mu xanh dng c chit ra t cy tng lam, mt loi thc vt ph bin chu u v cng

c s dng vng Cn ng t u cng nguyn. Trc tin, mu xanh l cy khng b phai

c pht minh vo u th k th 19, mu xanh l c ly bng cc nhum mu vng vi mu xanh

lam ln nhau. Tuy nhin, thuc nhum mu vng, d l t cy hoa vng hay mt s ngun cy khc

nh cy ngh ty, hay c ngh, lun b m hoc mt i. iu ny gii thch cho du vt xanh m ca

vt tng c mu xanh sng, v d nh, thm thu ca ph n.

Ph mu t nhin c m rng rt nhiu v c thay th bng mu ha hc trong sut th k

18. Cho n nm 1900, mt ph mu tng hp hon chnh c pht trin, phn nhiu trong s

t n tiu chun hn ch s phai mu di tc ng ca nh sng v vic git gi v iu ny

vt tri hn hn so vi cht to mu t nhin. K t , ngnh cng nghip du kh thm vo

nhiu ha cht mi, v t , cc loi thuc nhum c pht trin. Nhiu nghin cu v thuc

nhum c thc y nh nhng tnh cht ring bit ca mt s s t tng hp mi, v d nh,



26

Acetate, ban u n nhp vi cc thuc nhum v cc thuc nhum mi cn phi c pht trin;

nylon v vi Terylene cng gp phi vn tng t.

Vic in trong dt may bao gm nhiu phng php. Ngoi tr vic in hoa vn trc tip ln vi,

cho d l bng khun, trc ln, hay mn che, tt c nhng vt ny u c th da vo vic nhum mu;

l ngm vi vo trong chu nhum.


the correct answer for each of the questions from 1 to 10

Canadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire

continent. Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English after the American

Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States

and fled north to Canada. Many Loyalists settled in southern Ontario in the 1780s, and their speech

became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban

middle-class speech.

Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from

American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in

the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many American visitors

to Canada think the Canadian vocabulary sounds British for example, they notice the British tap

and braces instead of the American faucet and suspenders. On the other hand, many British

people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become

Americanized, saying gas and truck for petrol and lorry.

People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the differences between

Canadian and American English. There are many similarities between the two varieties, yet they are

far from identical. Canadian English is instantly recognizable to other Canadians, and one Canadian in

a crowded room will easily spot the other Canadian among the North Americans.

There is no distinctive Canadian grammar. The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary,

and idioms. Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity

against two strong influences. About 75 per cent of Canadians use the English zed rather than the

American zee for the name of the last letter of the alphabet. On the other hand, 75 per cent of

Canadians use the American pronunciation of schedule, tomato, and missile. The most obvious

and distinctive feature of Canadian speech is probably its vowel sound, the diphthong /ou/. In

Canada, out is pronounced like oat in nearby U.S. accents. There are other identifying features of

Canadian vowels: for example, cot is pronounced the same as caught and collar the same as

caller.



27

An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the use of many words and

phrases originating in Canada itself, such as kerosene and chesterfield (sofa). Several words are

borrowed from North American Indian languages, for example, kayak, caribou, parka, and

skookum (strong). The name of the country itself has an Indian origin; the Iroquois word kanata

originally meant village. A number of terms for ice hockey face-off, blue-line, and puck

have become part of World Standard English.

Some features of Canadian English seem to be unique and are often deliberately identified with

Canadian speakers in such contexts as dramatic and literary characterizations. Among the original

Canadian idioms, perhaps the most famous is the almost universal use of eh? as a tag question, as in

Thats a good movie, eh? Eh is also used as a filler during a narrative, as in Im walking home

from work, eh, and Im thinking about dinner. I finally get home, eh, and the refrigerator is empty.

The traditional view holds that there are no dialects in Canadian English and that Canadians cannot

tell where other Canadians are from just by listening to them. The linguists of today disagree with this

view. While there is a greater degree of homogeneity in Canadian English compared with American

English, several dialect areas do exist across Canada. Linguists have identified distinct dialects for the

Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, the Ottawa Valley, southern Ontario, the Prairie Provinces, the

Arctic North, and the West.

1: According to the passage, how did Canadian English become a distinct variety of North American

English?

A. Canadians declared their language to be different from U.S. English.

B. Growth of the middle class led to a standard school curriculum.

C. A large group of Loyalists settled in one region at the same time.

D. Linguists noticed that Canadians spoke a unique dialect.

2: The word norms in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. words B. history C. ideas D. patterns

3: The phrase a great deal in common with in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. the same problems as B. easier pronunciation than

C. many similarities to D. different words for

4: In paragraph 2, what point does the author make about Canadian English?



28

A. American and British visitors define Canadian English by their own norms.

B. Canadians speak English with an accent that Americans cannot understand.

C. Canadian English is more similar to American than to British English.

D. Canadian English has many words that are not in other varieties of English.

5: The phrase the two varieties in paragraph 3 refers to _____.

A. Canadian English and American English B. general Canadian and North American

C. British English and Canadian English D. people who live outside North American

6: The word spot in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. prefer B. find C. describe D. ignore

7: Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in

paragraph 4?

A. Canadian English has been strongly influenced by both British and American English.

B. Canadians have tried to distinguished themselves as a nation, and this effort is shown in their

pronunciation.

C. Canada is the only nation where people can deliberately choose which pronunciation they prefer.

D. Many newcomers to Canada must work hard to master the national style of pronouncing English.

8: All of the following words originated in North American Indian languages EXCEPT _____.

A. parka B. kerosene C. Canada D. kayak

9: Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about vocabulary?

A. Much of the vocabulary for ice hockey originated in Canada.

B. Vocabulary is the most distinctive feature of Canadian English.

C. Canadians use more North American Indian words than Americans do.

D. World Standard English has a very large vocabulary.

10: The author discusses the expression eh in paragraph 6 as an example of _____.

A. an expression that few people outside Canada have heard



29

B. a style of Canadian drama and literature

C. a word that cannot be translated into other languages

D. an idiom that uniquely characterizes Canadian speech


the correct answer for each of the questions from 1 to 10

1: According to the passage, how did Canadian English become a distinct variety of North American

English?

A. Canadians declared their language to be different from U.S. English.

B. Growth of the middle class led to a standard school curriculum.

C. A large group of Loyalists settled in one region at the same time.

D. Linguists noticed that Canadians spoke a unique dialect.

Gii thch: Theo on vn, ting Anh Canada tr thnh mt loi ting Anh Bc M ring bit nh

th no?

A. Canada tuyn b rng ngn ng ca h khc vi ting Anh-M .

B. S pht trin ca tng lp trung lu dn ti mt chng trnh hc chun mc.

C. Mt nhm ln ca nhng ngi trung thnh nh c mt khu vc cng 1 thi im

D. Cc nh ngn ng hc nhn thy rng ngi dn Canada ni mt ting a phng c o.

Thng tin on sau: Canadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans

almost the entire continent. Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English

after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British,

left the United States and fled north to Canada.

(Ting Anh Canada l mt loi ting Anh M a phng ph bin khp lc a ny. Ting Anh

Canada tr thnh mt loi ting Anh Bc M ring bit sau Cch Mng M, khi hng ngn ngi ng

h nc Anh, ri khi M v di c n phng bc sang Canada.)

2: The word norms in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. words B. history C. ideas D. Patterns

Gii thch: T norms on 1 gn ngha nht vi _____



30

Ta c: norm = pattern (n): mu, tiu chun, quy tc

Cc p n cn li:

Word (n): t ng

History (n): lch s

Idea (n): tng

3: The phrase a great deal in common with in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. the same problems as B. easier pronunciation than

C. many similarities to D. different words for

Gii thch: Cm t a great deal in common with on 2 gn ngha nht vi _____

A. cc vn tng t nh B. pht m d dng hn

C. nhiu im tng ng vi D. nhng t khc nhau thay cho

Ta c: a great deal in common with sbd/ sth = many similarities to sbd/ sth: c nhiu im tng

ng vi ai/ ci g

4: In paragraph 2, what point does the author make about Canadian English?

A. American and British visitors define Canadian English by their own norms.

B. Canadians speak English with an accent that Americans cannot understand.

C. Canadian English is more similar to American than to British English.

D. Canadian English has many words that are not in other varieties of English.

Gii thch: Trong on 2, tc gi nhn mnh im no ca Ting Anh Canada?

A. Du khch M v Anh xc nh ting Anh Canada theo chun mc ring ca h .

B. ngi Canada ni ting Anh bng mt ging m ngi M khng th hiu c.

C. Ting Anh Canada l ging ting M hn ting Anh-Anh.

D. ting Anh Canada c nhiu t khng c trong cc loi ting Anh khc.

Thng tin on sau: Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles

and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the

English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British.

(Ting Anh Canada hin i thng c nh ngha theo cc mt ging v khc so vi ting Anh Anh

hoc Anh M. Ting Anh Canada c nhiu s tng ng vi ting Anh M, nhng nhiu ngi M

li nhn thy trng m ca ngi Canada ging vi ngi Anh.)

5: The phrase the two varieties in paragraph 3 refers to _____.



31

A. Canadian English and American English

B. general Canadian and North American

C. British English and Canadian English

D. people who live outside North American

Gii thch: Cm t "the two varieties" trong on 3 cp n _____ .

A. ting Anh Canada v ting Anh M

B. Ngi Canada v ngi Bc M ni chug

C. Ting Anh Anh v Ting Anh Canada

D. nhng ngi sng bn ngoi Bc M

Thng tin on sau: People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the

differences between Canadian and American English. There are many similarities between the two

varieties, yet they are far from identical.

(Nhng ngi sng bn ngoi Bc M thng thy kh c th nghe c s khc bit gia ting Anh

Canada v ting Anh M. C nhiu im tng ng gia hai loi khc nhau ny, nhng chng li

khng h ging ht nhau.)

6: The word spot in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. prefer B. find C. describe D. Ignore

Gii thch: T spot on 1 gn ngha nht vi _____

Ta c: (to) spot: tm thy, nhn thy (to) find: tm thy, thy

Cc p n cn li:

(to) prefer: thch hn, a chung hn

(to) describe: m t, miu t

(to) ignore: pht l

7: Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in

paragraph 4?

A. Canadian English has been strongly influenced by both British and American English.

B. Canadians have tried to distinguished themselves as a nation, and this effort is shown in

their pronunciation.

C. Canada is the only nation where people can deliberately choose which pronunciation they prefer.

D. Many newcomers to Canada must work hard to master the national style of pronouncing English.



32

Gii thch: Cu no di y din t ng nht cc thng tin trong cu c gch chn trong on

4?

A. Ting Anh Canada b nh hng mnh bi c ting Anh Anh v Anh M .

B. Ngi Canada c gng khng nh mt quc gia ring bit, v n lc ny c th hin

trong cch pht m ca h.

C. Canada l quc gia duy nht m mi ngi c th chn cch pht m m h thch.

D. Nhiu ngi mi n Canada phi hc tp chm ch mi c th nm c cch pht m ting

Anh ca quc gia ny.

Thng tin on sau: Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for

national identity against two strong influences.

(Vic pht m ca ngi Canada phn nh qu trnh nhng ngi dn u tranh cho bn sc dn tc v

chng li hai th lc mnh.)

8: All of the following words originated in North American Indian languages EXCEPT _____.

A. parka B. kerosene C. Canada D. Kayak

Gii thch: Tt c cc t sau y c ngun gc t ngn ng Bc M Da TR _____ .

A. parka B. kerosene C. Canada D. Kayak

Thng tin on sau: An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the

use of many words and phrases originating in Canada itself, such as kerosene and chesterfield

(sofa).

(Mt c im quan trng trong t vng ting Anh Canada l cch s dng ca nhiu t v cm t

c ngun gc t Canada, v d nh kerosene v chesterfield (sofa).)

Cc t cn li u c ngun gc t ngi Da Bc M: Several words are borrowed from North

American Indian languages, for example, kayak, caribou, parka, and skookum (strong). The

name of the country itself has an Indian origin; ...

(Mt s t c vay mn t cc ngn ng ca ngi da Bc M, v d nh kayak, caribou,

parka. V skookum(strong-khe, mnh m). Tn gi ca chnh quc gia ny cng xut pht t

ting th dn;)

9: Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about vocabulary?

A. Much of the vocabulary for ice hockey originated in Canada.

B. Vocabulary is the most distinctive feature of Canadian English.

C. Canadians use more North American Indian words than Americans do.



33

D. World Standard English has a very large vocabulary.

Gii thch: iu no sau y v t vng c th c suy ra t on 5?

A. Phn ln t vng trong mn khc cn cu trn bng c ngun gc t Canada.

B. T vng l mt thuc tnh c bit nht ca ting Anh Canada.

C. Canada s dng nhiu t ca ngi Da Bc M ngi M lm.

D. Ting Anh chun quc t c mt vn t vng rt ln.

Thng tin on sau: An important characteristic of the vocabulary of Canadian English is the use

of many words and phrases originating in Canada itself, such as kerosene and chesterfield

(sofa). Several words are borrowed from North American Indian languages, for example, kayak,

caribou, parka, and skookum (strong). The name of the country itself has an Indian origin; the

Iroquois word kanata originally meant village. A number of terms for ice hockey face-off,

blue-line, and puck have become part of World Standard English. (Mt c im quan trng

ca t vng ting Anh Canada l cch s dng ca nhiu t v cm t c ngun gc t Canada, v

d nh kerosene v chesterfield (sofa). Mt s t c vay mn t cc ngn ng ca ngi da

Bc M, v d nh kayak, caribou, parka. V skookum(strong-khe, mnh m). Tn gi

ca chnh quc gia ny cng xut pht t ting th dn; t ca ngi Iroquois Kanata c ngha gc

ban u l village (lng). Nhiu thut ng dng cho mn khc cn cu nh face-off, blue-line v

puck tr thnh mt phn ca ting Anh Chun quc t.)

10: The author discusses the expression eh in paragraph 6 as an example of _____.

A. an expression that few people outside Canada have heard

B. a style of Canadian drama and literature

C. a word that cannot be translated into other languages

D. an idiom that uniquely characterizes Canadian speech

Gii thch: Tc gi bn v cc ni"eh" trong on 6 lm mt v d cho _____ .

A. mt cch th hin m t ngi khng sng Canada tng nghe

B. mt phong cch ca phim nh v vn hc Canada

C. mt t m khng th c dch sang cc ngn ng khc

D. mt thnh ng c trng c nht cho ngn ng ni Canada

Thng tin on sau: Some features of Canadian English seem to be unique and are often

deliberately identified with Canadian speakers in such contexts as dramatic and literary

characterizations. Among the original Canadian idioms, perhaps the most famous is the almost

universal use of eh? as a tag question



34

(Mt s c im trong ting Anh Canada c v nh c o v thng khc bit vi nhng ngi ni

ting Canada trong ng cnh vn v v kch tnh. Trong s cc thnh ng gc Canada, c l thnh ng

ph bin nht l vic s dng rng ri eh? nh mt cu hi ui.)

Dch bi:

Ting Anh Canada l mt loi ting Anh M a phng ph bin hu khp lc a ny. Ting

Anh Canada tr thnh mt loi ting Anh Bc M ring bit sau Cch Mng M, khi hng ngn ngi

ng h nc Anh, ri khi M v di c n phng bc sang Canada. Nhiu ngi trung thnh nh c

min nam Ontario trong thp nin 1780, v ting ca h tr thnh c s cho nhng g c gi

chung l Canada, mt nh ngha da trn cc tiu ch trong ngn ng ni ca tng lp trung lu thnh

th.

Ting Anh Canada hin i thng c nh ngha theo cc mt ging v khc so vi ting

Anh Anh hoc Anh M. Ting Anh Canada c nhiu s tng ng vi ting Anh M, nhng nhiu

ngi M li nhn thy trng m ca ngi Canada ging vi ngi Anh. Nhiu du khch M n

Canada ngh rng t vng Canada nghe ging vi Anh - v d nh, h thng ch nhn ra t "tap"

(vi nc) v "bracelet" (vng tay) thay v "faucet" v "suspender"ca M. Mt khc, nhiu ngi Anh

li cho rng ging Canada l M, v du khch ngi Anh ngh rng nhng ngi Canada M ha,

khi ni "gas" (xng du) v "truck" (xe ti) cho "petrol" v "lorry".

Nhng ngi sng bn ngoi Bc M thng thy kh c th nghe c s khc bit gia ting

Anh Canada v ting Anh M. C nhiu im tng ng gia hai loi khc nhau ny, nhng chng

li khng h ging ht nhau. Ting Anh Canada l c th nhn ra mt ting Canada khc, v mt ngi

Canada trong mt cn phng ng c s d dng nhn ra mt ngi Canada khc trong s nhng

ngi Bc M.

Khng c ng php Canada bit. Vic pht m ca ngi Canada phn nh qu trnh nhng

ngi dn u tranh cho bn sc dn tc v chng li hai th lc mnh. Khong 75 phn trm ngi

Canada s dng t ting Anh "zed" thay v "zee" ca M cho tn ca k t cui cng trong bng ch

ci. Mt khc, 75 phn trm ngi Canada s dng cch pht m ting M cho "schedule" (lch trnh),

"tomato" (c chua), v missile (tn la). Nhng c im r rng nht v khc bit nht ca ngn

ng ni Canada c l l nguyn m ca n, nguyn m i "/ou/". Ti Canada, t "out" c pht m

ging "oat" (yn mch) theo ging M. C nhng c im nhn dng khc ca cc nguyn m

Canada: v d, "cot" (ci ging nh) c pht m ging nh "caught" (bt) v "collar" (c o) ging

nh "caller" (ngi gi).

Mt c im quan trng trong t vng ting Anh Canada l cch s dng ca nhiu t v

cm t c ngun gc t Canada, v d nh kerosene v chesterfield (sofa). Mt s t c vay

mn t cc ngn ng ca ngi da Bc M, v d nh kayak, caribou, parka. V

skookum(strong-khe, mnh m). Tn gi ca chnh quc gia ny cng xut pht t ting th dn; t



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ca ngi Iroquois Kanata c ngha gc ban u l village (lng). Nhiu cm t dng cho mn

khc cn cu nh face-off, blue-line v puck tr thnh mt phn ca ting Anh Chun quc

t.

Mt s c im trong ting Anh Canada c v nh c o v thng khc bit vi nhng

ngi ni ting Canada trong ng cnh vn v v kch tnh. Trong s cc thnh ng gc Canada, c l

thnh ng ph bin nht l vic s dng rng ri eh? nh mt cu hi ui, nh trong Thats a good

movie, eh? ( l mt b phim hay, phi khng?) "Eh" cng c s dng lm t b sung trong mt

cu chuyn, nh trong Im walking home from work, eh, and Im thinking about dinner. I finally get

home, eh, and the refrigerator is empty."Ti ang i b v nh t c quan, m, v ti ang ngh v ba

ti. Cui cng ti v n nh nh, m, v t lnh th trng rng. "

Quan im truyn thng cho rng khng c ting a phng trong ting Anh Canada v ngi

Canada ni mt ngi Canada khc n t u khi ch mi nghe h ni. Cc nh ngn ng hc ngy

nay khng ng vi quan im ny. Trong khi c mt mc ng nht cao hn trong Ting Anh

Canada so vi ting Anh M, mt s ting a phng vn tn ti trn khp Canada. Ngn ng hc

xc nh c nhng ngn ng a phng ring bit cho cc tnh Maritime, Newfoundland, Thung

lng Ottawa, Ontario pha Nam, cc tnh Prairie, Cc Bc, v Ty phng.

read the following passage and mark the letter a, b, c, or...

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