Read 12.2( page 163) and answer these questions

• What foreign dangers did the US face during Washington’s administration?

• In his farewell address, Washington recommended that the US take a neutral, or isolationist, stand in foreign affairs. What are the advantages of Washington's advice? What are the disadvantages?

• What role did geography play in Washington’s thinking?

• Do you think that the US today could live according to Washington’s plan?

Vocab for chapter 12

• Foreign policy • Neutrality • Isolationism • Piracy

• Embargo • Blockade • Secretary of state • Doctrine

Read 12.2 and answer questions

• What foreign dangers did the US face during the Washington administration?

• In his farewell address, Washington recommended that the US take a neutral, or isolationist stand in foreign affairs. What are the advantages of his advice? What are the disadvantages?

• What role did geography play in Washington’s thinking?

• Do you think that the US today could live according to Washington’s advice?

Read 12.3 and answer questions

• What was the Jay Treaty?

• How did the French view the Jay Treaty?

• How did the French react to the treaty?

• Describe in your own words the xyz affair.

•

Read 12.4 and answer these questions

• Does Adams choose the “olive branch of peace or arrows of war” Explain what Adams does in 1799.

12.4 Adams pursues peace

• 1799 peace mission with France• Bonaparte eager to make peace with US and

Britain- agrees to end US alliance with France-in exchange Americans agreed not to ask French to pay for all the ships it had seized.

• US government would have to pay American ship owners for their lost property! The decision cost Adams the votes when he ran for re-election in 1800. Adams chooses olive branch over arrows…

Read 12. 5 and answer the question

• Summarize the section: include the terms impressment,piracy, tribute, Jefferson

12.5 How should Jefferson deal with pirates?

• Peace with France didn’t last long- Jefferson takes office in 1801and still wants to stay with Washington’s plan for peace.

• Impressment: kidnapping American sailors to serve in the British army.( France and Britain would seize American ships to keep them from trading with the enemy)

•  Britain justified its policy of impressing American sailors by arguing that these sailors were deserters from the Royal Navy.

• Jefferson wants to stop paying tribute but doesn’t want to go to war( already spent over $2 million)

Read 12.6 and answer the question

• Summarize the section. Explain how Jefferson solves the problem of paying tribute. Include the terms: embargo, Jefferson, pirates,France, Britain,

12.6 Jefferson solves half the problem

• Jefferson tried to convince France and Britain to leave US ships alone.

• Diplomacy failed- Jefferson proposed an embargo in 1807- complete halt to trade with other nations.

• He hoped this would hurt France and Britain so much that they would agree to leave our ships alone

• It actually was more painful to Americans than to anyone in Europe ( 55,000 men lost their jobs)

• Congress repealed this act in 1809 – ships returned to the sea where they were still attacked

Read 12.7 and answer these questions

• What should Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?

12.7 What should President Madison do to protect sailors and settlers?

• Madison(1809) –new approach to protecting Americans at sea: he offered France and Britain a deal: If you stop attacking our ships we will stop trading with your enemy.

• No one stuck with the deal and Madison found only one way to get Britain to respect the US on the sea- abandon Washington’s idea of isolationism and go to war with Britain.

Citizens feelings about going to war

• Federalists and New Englanders: opposed going to war- that would mean a blockade of their ports by the British navy. They preferred to take their chances at sea.

• People in South and west: favored war. They resented the British and accused them of starting trouble with the Native Americans.

War Hawks• Settlers begin moving into the Ohio Valley

pushing Indians off their land. • Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun ( young

congressmen from the South) were so eager for war with Britain they became known as “war hawks”.

• *They argued the only way to make the northwestern frontier safe for settlement was to drive the British out of Canada

What happened: War of 1812 12.8

• Madison abandons isolationism –Congress declares war on Britain July 17, 1812

• 1812, 1813, and again in 1814 American forces crossed into Canada, but each time they were pushed back.

• 1814- Britain invades Washington and several buildings are burned, including the Capitol and White House

War of 1812 12.8• British attack Baltimore: Francis Scott Key

watched as British bombarded Fort McHenry, which guarded the city’s harbor. The bombing went on all night.

• In the morning Key was astonished that the American flag was still waving over the fort. He captured his feelings in a poem that was later put to music as “ the Star Spangled Banner.”

Battle of new Orleans 12.8

• Us troops led by Andrew Jackson, defeated the British in the battle of New Orleans.

• Impressive victory, but it happened after a peace treaty was already signed by Britain and US! ( news had not yet reached the troops)

Results of the war• Both sides claimed victory- but neither side

really won- the treaty settled none of the issues that led to fighting

• Indian resistance weakened after death of Tecumseh.

• National pride surged in the US. People thought the US had become stronger

What should Pres.Monroe do to support the new Latin American nations?12.9

• 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain. By 1825 the last Spanish troops had been driven out of South America. This opens up trade with South America!!

• Monroe Doctrine: the nations of north and south America were “ not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” The US would view efforts by Europeans to take over “any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.”

Monroe Doctrine• Becomes known as a basic principal of US foreign

policy• Asserted that the US would not accept European

interference in American affairs• Told the world that the US was no longer a weak

collection of quarreling states. • US was strong and confident- deserving respect

from other nations.• “ Leave the Americas to the Americans”

The Monroe Doctrine 1823The Monroe Doctrine 1823