reactor coolant system · anti-reverse rotation device nb1 lb l 6 e. number 1 seal bypass valve f....
TRANSCRIPT
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REACTOR COOLANT SYSTEM
Section 3.2
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Objectives1. State the purpose of the Reactor Coolant
System (RCS).
2. List and state the purpose of the following RCS penetrations:
a. Hot Leg (Th)
2
h
1. Pressurizer surge line
2. Residual Heat Removal (RHR) suction
3. Sample line
4. RHR recirculation/Safety Injection (SI)
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b. Intermediate Leg1. Elbow flow taps
2. Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) letdown
3. Loop drain
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c. Cold Leg (Tc)1. Pressurizer spray line
2. CVCS charging
3. Common injection penetration for RHR, SI, and an Accumulator
4. High head injection
5 E cess letdo n
4
5. Excess letdown
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3. Describe the primary and secondary flow paths through the steam generator.
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4. State the purposes of the following components of the reactor coolant pump.
a. Thermal barrier heat exchanger
b. Seal package
c. Flywheel
d. Anti-reverse rotation device
N b 1 l b l
6
e. Number 1 seal bypass valve
f. Number 1 seal leak off valve
g. Seal stand-pipe
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5. Explain why seal injection flow is supplied to the reactor coolant pumps.
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6. State the purposes of the following:a. Pressurizer (PZR)
b. Code safety valves
c. Power-operated relief valves (PORVs)
d. PORV block valves
e. Pressurizer relief tank (PRT)
f PZR l
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f. PZR spray valves
g. PZR heaters
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7. Describe the methods for determining pressurizer relief and safety valve position and/or leakage.
8. Explain the following:a. Pressurizer spray driving force
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b. Purpose of pressurizer spray bypass
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9. Explain how failure of the following components could lead to core damage.
a. Reactor coolant pump seals
b. Power-operated relief valves
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Purposes of the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) (Obj.1)
• Transfer heat from reactor to power conversion system.
• Provides a barrier to limit the escape of radioactivity to the containment
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radioactivity to the containment.
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TE
CVCS EXCESS LD(LOOP 3)
RCP
TETETE
TE
HIGH HEAD SI(FROM BIT)
RHR PUMPS
SI PUMPS
COLD LEGACCUMULATORS
PRESSURIZER SPRAY(LOOPS 2&3)
STEAMGENERATOR
FIGURE 3.2-1 Reactor Coolant Loop Penetrations
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PRESSURIZERSURGE
LINE (LOOP 2)
FT
CVCS LETDOWNNORMAL (LOOP 3)
CROSS OVERLEG DRAINS
(CAPPED)
FS
TE
RHR SUCTION(LOOP 4)
RHR(LOOPS 2 & 4)
HOT LEGSAFETY INJECTION
SAMPLE(LOOPS 1&3)
Tc
ThREACTOR
CVCS CHARGING(LOOP 1 NORMAL,LOOP 4 ALTERNATE)
(FROM BIT)GENERATOR
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BRANCHNOZZLE
HEADER(PIPEWALL)
Figure 3.2-3 Pressurizer Spray Scoop
13
4"
SECTION AA
27-1/2" I.D. FLOW
A
A
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Figure 3.2-4 Sample Connection Scoop
PIPE WALL
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6 1
3.250"
FLOW
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REACTOR COOLANTPIPE
1.33" DIA
FLOW
Figure 3.2-5 Hot Leg RTD Tap
FLOW
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Figure 3.2-6 Reactor Coolant Flow Taps
B
LOW PRESSURETAPS
HIGH PRESSURETAP
15o
16
22-1/2
B
SECTION BB
15o
15o
Fig. 3.2-6 Rx Coolant Flow Taps
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Pressurizer Fig 3.2-7
INSTRUMENTATIONNOZZLE
RELIEFNOZZLE
LIFTINGTRUNNION(LOAN BASIS)
UPPER HEAD
PersonWAY
SAFETY NOZZLE
SPRAY NOZZLE
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Figure 3.2-7Pressurizer
ELECTRICAL HEATER
HEATER SUPPORTPLATE
SURGE NOZZLE
SUPPORT SKIRT
INSTRUMENTATIONNOZZLE
LOWER HEAD
SHELL
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• Purposes of PZR (Obj 6.a)– pressurize RCS during plant start-up
– maintain normal RCS pressure during steady state operation (2235 psig)
– limit pressure changes during RCS transients to w/in allowable values.
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– prevent RCS pressure from exceeding design value (2485 psig)
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• Purpose of spray valves (loops 2 & 3 cold legs) (4 “ lines) (Obj 6.f)– to limit RCS pressure changes during
transients.
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• PZR spray driving force - (Obj 8.a)
–The differential pressure across the Rx provides the driving force to spray the PZR.
–The PZR spray scoops are used so the velocity of the RCS flow is added to the
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velocity of the RCS flow is added to the differential pressure across the Rx.
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• Purpose of PZR Spray Bypass - manual throttle valves. (3/4") (Obj 8.b)
– provides small continuous flow around spray valves. (Tc ~ 556 deg)
– Reduces thermal stress/shock on spray nozzle. (2235# ~ 653 deg.)
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– Helps promote mixing in PZR to avoid thermal stratification
– Aids in maintaining uniform chemistry in RCS & PZR.
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• Purposes of PZR Heaters (Obj 6.g)– to limit RCS pressure changes during
transients,
– to maintain PZR at saturated conditions. PZR heater elements (78 elements) (1794 KW total) (raise temperature ~ 55 deg/hr)
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– To draw a bubble in the PZR during startup.
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• PZR Code Safety Valves (6”)Purpose: (Obj 6-b)– to prevent RCS from exceeding design
pressure by more than 10%.
– Setpoint: 2485 psig.
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• PZR PORVs Purposes: (Obj 6.c)
– Minimize probability of a high pressure reactor trip (2385#) following a 50% load rejection.
– Limit the operation of the code safety valves.
– Mitigate overpressure transients during cold
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Mitigate overpressure transients during cold shutdown.
– Remove decay heat if S/G not available.
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• PORV Block Valves. (Obj 6.d)
–Purpose – to isolate PORV if excessive leakage.
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Pressurizer Relief Tank (PRT) (Obj 6.e)
– Purpose - Collects, condenses, and cools discharge from PORVs and code safety valves.
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• Describe methods of determining PZR PORV & Position Indication & Leak Detection (Obj 7)
– PORV -stem mounted valve position switch gives actual valve position
– temperature detector on common discharge
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p g
– Control room indication and alarm
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Describe methods of determining PZR Code Safety Position Indication & Leak Detection (Obj 7) (cont)
– Code Safety - indirect valve position indication
– Acoustic monitor on tailpipe of each valve
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p p
– Temperature detector on tailpipe of each valve
– Control room indication and alarm
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Steam Generators• Functions:
– transfers energy from primary to the secondary
– produces dry, saturated steam for use in the main steam system
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– provides a boundary between primary and secondary (U-tubes)
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Model 51SteamGeneratorFig. 3.2-9
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STEAM OUTLET
SECONDARY SEPARATORS(MIST EXTRACTORS)
RECIRCULATING WATER
SWIRL VANE MOISTURESEPARATOR
NORMAL WATER LEVELAT 100% POWER
FEEDWATER INLETNOZZLE
FIGURE 3.2-10 Steam Generator Flow Paths
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STEAM GENERATORSHELL
TUBE BUNDLE WRAPPER(TUBE SHROUD)
DOWNCOMER
REACTORCOOLANTOUTLET
REACTORCOOLANT
INLET
STEAM - WATERMIXTURE
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Figure 3.2-11 Feed Ring Assemblies
Tee connection
FeedringThermal sleeve
S/G Shell
Feedwater line
L
FEEDRING ASSEMBLYFEEDRING TYPE STEAM GENERATOR
32
251-3/4 inch diameter flow holes
J-tubepositions
J-tubes
J-TUBE CONFIGURATIONFEEDRING STEAM GENERATOR
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Feedring
SwirlVane
Figure 3.2-12 Feedring and Moisture Seperators
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Shell
AntiVibrationBar
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ORIFICE
SWIRL VANE
TO DRAIN
STEAM
Figure 3.2-13a Steam Generator Moisture Seperators
34STEAM WATER
RISER
TO DRAIN
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STEAM &WATERSTEAM
Figure 3.2-13b Steam Generator Moisture Separators
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TOPEDGE
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DRILLED TUBESUPPORT PLATE
TUBESUPPORTPLATE
TUBETUBE
Figure 3.2-14 Tube Support Plate
QUATREFOIL TUBESUPPORT PLATE
TUBESUPPORTPLATE
FLOWHOLE
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• Describe the Primary and Secondary flow paths in the Steam Generator (Obj 3)– Primary - enter hot leg, divider plate directs
flow through tube sheet and up U-tubes, exit cold leg.
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SECONDARY (STEAM SIDE) FLOW PATH. (Obj-3)
• Feedwater enters through feed ring nozzle (~430 deg. F).
• In downcomer feedwater mixes with recirc water.• Mixture flow under tube bundle wrapper into tube
bundle, producing a steam - water mixture.• Flows up swirl-vane moisture separator.
Moisture removed and drains back to
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Moisture removed and drains back to downcomer.
• Flows through chevron separator. Moisture removed and drains back to downcomer.
• At S/G outlet to main steam system (main turbine generator) (<0.25% moisture content)
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STEAMFLOW
STEAMPRESSURE
STEAM FLOW = FEED FLOW
Figure 3.2-15 Steam Generator Shrink and Swell
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01 100 200 100 20002TIME (SEC)
STEAMGENERATOR
LEVEL
SG Flow Path
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Figure 3.2-16 Reactor Coolant Pump
THRUST BEARINGOIL LIFT PUMP+ MOTOR
MOTOR UNIT ASSEMBLY
FLYWHEEL
UPPER RADIALBEARING
THRUST BEARING
MOTOR SHAFT
MOTOR STATOR
MAIN LEADCONDUIT BOX
LOWER RADIAL
40
SEAL HOUSING
NO. 1 SEAL LEAK OFF
MAIN FLANGE
COOLING WATEROUTLET
RADIAL BEARINGASSEMBLY
THERMAL BARRIER ANDHEAT EXCHANGER
CASING
IMPELLER
BEARING
NO. 3 SEALLEAK OFFNO. 2 SEALLEAK OFF
PUMP SHAFT
COOLANT WATER INLET
DISCHARGENOZZLE
SUCTIONNOZZLE
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Figure 3.2-16 Reactor Coolant Pump
THRUST BEARINGOIL LIFT PUMP+ MOTOR
MOTOR UNIT ASSEMBLY
FLYWHEEL
UPPER RADIALBEARING
THRUST BEARING
MOTOR SHAFT
MOTOR STATOR
MAIN LEADCONDUIT BOX
LOWER RADIAL
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SEAL HOUSING
NO. 1 SEAL LEAK OFF
MAIN FLANGE
COOLING WATEROUTLET
RADIAL BEARINGASSEMBLY
THERMAL BARRIER ANDHEAT EXCHANGER
CASING
IMPELLER
BEARING
NO. 3 SEALLEAK OFFNO. 2 SEALLEAK OFF
PUMP SHAFT
COOLANT WATER INLET
DISCHARGENOZZLE
SUCTIONNOZZLE
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RCP Seal PackageFig. 3.2-19
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• Seal Package (Obj 4.b)– Purpose - to provide essentially zero leakage
from RCS (up the pump shaft into containment) during normal operation.
• Purpose of RCP Seal Injection (Obj 5)– RCP Seal Injection supplies cool, purified,
filtered water from CVCS to pump radial
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p pbearing and seal package to prevent seal damage. (3 gal up / 5 gal down)
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Figure 3.2-20 Controlled Leakage Shaft Seal
CLOSINGFORCES
SEAL RING(NON-ROTATING)
OPENINGFORCES NET CLOSING
FORCES
EQUILIBRIUM
SEAL PACKAGEHOUSING
.0045"GAP
FLOW
RUNNER(ROTATING)
"O" RINGSEAL
LOW PRESSUREFLUID (50 PSIA)
SHAFT
Seal RingNon-Rotating
44
NET OPENINGFORCES
EQUILIBRIUMFORCES
(ROTATING)
"O" RING SEALHIGH PRESSUREFLUID (2250 PSIA)
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• Purpose RCP Seal Standpipe (Obj 4.g)– to maintain sufficient back pressure on
number 2 seal to ensure flow thru number 3 seal.
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No. 1 Seal Bypass Valve:
(Obj 4.e)
Purpose: It is opened to ensure adequate cooling to RCP lower radial bearing
LO ALARM
200 psid
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radial bearing during low RCS pressure operations.
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• RCP Thermal Barrier & Thermal Barrier Heat Exchanger (HX) (Obj 4.a)– Purpose - to cool any reactor coolant leaking
up the shaft to protect the radial bearing and shaft seal package.
– Thermal Barrier HX cooled by CCW.
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Number 1 Seal Leakoff Valve. (Obj 4.f)– Purpose - the number 1 seal leakoff valve is
closed to place the number 2 seal in service.
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Figure 3.2-16 Reactor Coolant Pump
THRUST BEARINGOIL LIFT PUMP+ MOTOR
MOTOR UNIT ASSEMBLY
FLYWHEEL
UPPER RADIALBEARING
THRUST BEARING
MOTOR SHAFT
MOTOR STATOR
MAIN LEADCONDUIT BOX
LOWER RADIAL
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SEAL HOUSING
NO. 1 SEAL LEAK OFF
MAIN FLANGE
COOLING WATEROUTLET
RADIAL BEARINGASSEMBLY
THERMAL BARRIER ANDHEAT EXCHANGER
CASING
IMPELLER
LOWER RADIALBEARING
NO. 3 SEALLEAK OFFNO. 2 SEALLEAK OFF
PUMP SHAFT
COOLANT WATER INLET
DISCHARGENOZZLE
SUCTIONNOZZLE
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• Flywheel (Obj 4.c)– Purpose - Extends forced cooling (coast down)
for ~ 30 seconds following a loss of offsite power. This helps to maintain heat transfer and establish natural circulation. Uses stored energy in flywheel.
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• Anti-reverse rotation device. (Obj 4.d)– Purpose - prevents pump from turning
backwards due to reverse flow in loop. This prevents excessive starting current (overheat motor windings).
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FLYWHEEL
PAWL
PAWL STOP
Figure 3.2-21 RCP Flywheel and Anti-reverse Rotation Device
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FLYWHEEL RUNNING POSITION
STOP POSITION
RATCHET PLATE
FLYWHEEL
RATCHET PLATE
PAWL
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RCS Leakage Detection• Containment Rad Monitoring System
• Increase in Makeup requirements to maintain PZR level
• Rx Vessel Flange O-Ring high temp alarm
• Containment pressure humidity
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• Containment pressure, humidity, temperature, sump pumping frequencies,
• Primary to Secondary leakage: sampling, Condenser off-gas, SGBD, MSL radiation
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• How could failure of RCP Seals lead to core damage? (Obj 9.a)– RCP seal package failure results in a SBLOCA.
– If there is no high head injection pumps to provide make-up water to the RCS, the core will become partially or fully uncovered. (No operator action to reduce RCS pressure is assumed.)
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reduce RCS pressure is assumed.)
– Decay heat will cause fuel temperature to increase. Could lead to fuel damage. Time to core damage is dependent on assumed size of leak.
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• How could PORV Failures Lead to core damage? (Obj 9.b)– Failure to close results in a LOCA.
– If PORV block valve does not shut AND if containment sump recirculation mode of ECCS is unavailable, then core will become partially or fully uncovered.
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– Decay heat will cause fuel temperature to increase. Could lead to fuel damage.
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• How could PORV Failures Lead to core damage? (Obj 9.b) (cont)
– Failure to open (when needed) during emergency operations (i.e., once through core cooling)
– Unable to remove decay heat w/ once through core cooling.
– Decay heat will cause fuel temperature to
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Decay heat will cause fuel temperature to increase. Could lead to fuel damage.
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Purpose is to detect any loose or drifting metallic parts within the RCS
Figure 3.2-22 Vibration and Loose Part Monitoring Transducer Locations
6
B10
11 C
2
1
43
5
A9
D
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RCS pressure boundary
LOWER VESSEL (WEST)LOWER VESSEL (EAST)UPPER VESSEL (NORTH)UPPER VESSEL (SOUTH)RC PUMP ARC PUMP B
123456
LOCATIONCHANNEL
RC PUMP CRC PUMP DSTEAM GENERATOR ASTEAM GENERATOR BSTEAM GENERATOR CSTEAM GENERATOR D
789
101112
LOCATIONCHANNEL
11
7
12
8
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RCS Heatup Limits: TS
• Max. H/U limited to 100 deg. F in any one hour.
Figure 3.2-26 Reactor Coolant System Pressure - Temperature Limits (Heatup)
UNACCEPTABLEOPERATING AREA
HEATUP RATESUP TO 60 F/HR
ACCEPTABLEOPERATING AREA
2000
3000
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o e ouUP TO 60 F/HR
OAVERAGE REACTOR COOLANT SYSTEM TEMPERATURE ( F)0.0
0.0
100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
1000
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RCS Cooldown Limits: TS
• Max C/D limited to 100 deg F
Figure 3.2-27 Reactor Coolant System Pressure - Temperature Limits (Cooldown)
3000
2000
ola
nt
Sys
tem
Pre
ssu
re(p
sig
)
ACCEPTABLEOPERATING AREA
UNACCEPTABLEOPERATING AREA
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100 deg. F in any one hour. 0
204060100
Cooldown Rates°F/hr
0
1000
0 100 200 300 400 500
Average Reactor Coolant System Temperature (°F)
Re
ac
tor
Co
o