reactive power support of der in the colombian power grid planning... · der in the colombian power...

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Reactive power support of DER in the Colombian Power

Grid

1

System Planning Impacts of DER Working GroupApril 10, 2019


Colombian Power System Overview

Este es el texto de su presentación


Implemented

Implemented. Need improvements

No implemented. There are proposals

AGC Market

Mandatory Energy Pool

Single country price for each

hour

Reliability Option Long Term Market Day Ahead Market

Intraday / Real Time Market

Balancing Market and ancillary services

15 años 5 años

Long Term Contracts (auctions)

2 años 1 año

Bilateral contracts

Anonymous and Standardized Contracts Market (MAE)

Power Market


Colombian Power System 2019-2023

Generation

17,3 GW

Demand

Pick

10 GW

66 %

Hydro

28 %

Térmica

1.4 GWRun of River

6 %

<20MW

2019

558 MW

528 MW

1626 MW

220 MW

1000 MW

80 MW

415 MW

196 MW

1350 MW

3775 MW

1670 MW

FERNC

2023

5445 MW

9,9 MW

19,9 MW

FERNC

Actual

30 MW

2020

2404 MW

2021

3484 MW

2022

3899 MW

2023

5445 MW

Aproved conetion by UPME


Colombian DER - Forecast 2023

• Around 2 GW of officially registered projects with capacity smaller than 20 MW

• 52% of the total capacity corresponds to solar projects - 45% small hydro

• 63% of registered projects have capacity below 1 MW - Less than 2% of total capacity

• 97% of projects under 1 MW are solar

55

The highest concentration of registered solar projects under

1 MW are around Bogotá (22% of the total)

75% of solar PV is concentrated in the north of the country, where 85% are projects bigger than 10 MW

Projects Capacity [MW] Total (MW)Solar PV 366 1137 1137Small hydro 93 978 1466Thermal- Biomass 16 66 216Wind 3 10 10

TOTAL 478 2190 2829

55% of small hydro projects are located in Antioquia

Colombian Power System 2019-2023


XM studies to understand the impact of DER reactive power

support


Electrical analysis: Dynamic simulations and steady state calculations

Goal:

• First approach to identify and quantify the systemimpacts

• Start discussion with stakeholders and regulatorycommission on basic technical requirements fromthe perspective of the System Operator

Impact on frequency

control and stability

Impact on Voltage control

and stability

Technical studies - Impact on system reliability


0,9

0,94

0,98

1,02

1,06

1,1

1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226 241 256 271 286 301 316 331 346 361 376 391

Use

tp [

p.u

.]

Reactive support of Hydro-Thermal Units

Sin GBI

GBI sin aporte de Q

GBI con aporte de Q

Without DER

DER without Q support

Der with Q support

If the DER contribute with reactive power,, there is more margin for conventional units to support the system in case of events

Impact on Voltage control and stability


If the DER contribute with reactive power,, there is more margin for wind plants to support the system in case of events

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

-0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4

SinGBI

ConGBI Sin Requerimientos

ConGBI Con Requerimientos

Without DER


Der with Q support

Q (p.u)

P(p.u)



If the DER contribute with reactive power, the voltage can recover quickly to the nominal operational values after a fault event.

Without DER


Der with Q support

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2

Vo

ltaj

e [

p.u

.]

Time [s]

Con GBI

Sin GBI

DER with Q support

Der without Q support



11

• High levels of DER can lead to reactive power deficit situations in critical cases

• In cases of low generation and low demand high voltages difficult to control may arise

• In cases of high thermal and wind generation and contingency N-1 at 500 kV, voltages can collapse

• An agreement with distribution system operator is required

%Dem. Carib.34%28%21%14%7%0%

Vo

ltag

e (

p.u

)

DER (MW)



• Operating ranges in frequency

• Ramps

Operational actions to ensure sufficient inertia in the system

• FRT• Reactive Power

contribution

• Forecasting • Supervision• Inclusion DER in

calculating reserves

Measures to mitigate Impact of DER


XM DER Modeling

Increasing DER penetration will impact the BES, resulting in changes in transmission loading levels, voltage regulation, and determination

of operating limits.

Current DER modeling

230 kV 115 kV66 kV 57.5 kV

34 kV 13.8 kV 11 kV

• Aggregated• Generic

impedance• FRT capability• Ramps• Power factor=1• Allows partial

tripping

DER < 5 MW

• Individual• WECC model• FRT capability• Ramps• Voltage control• Reactive or active

current priority

DER > 5 MW


Impact on frequency control and stabilityGeneration-load imbalance

15

Operating range of solar generation between 60.15 and 59.75 Hz - 500 MW (5% of total) of solar generation

are lost

Operating range of solar generation between

60.5 and 59.3 HzGeneration-load imbalance event:•Loss of a single generation unit

(273 MW)•5% of the demand covered with solar

resources connected in the distribution network •Colombian connected to Ecuador•Grid 2023

Systemic loss of generation in the distribution system around 5% of the demand becomes a critical contingency. The operating frequency ranges for solar generation in the distribution network must

be consistent with the operating requirements and frequency regulation mechanisms

Freq

uenc

y (H

Z)Time (s)

First Stage of Under Frequency Load Shedding


Impact on frequency control and stabilityReserves- Inertia

High participation of DER, candisplace conventional generationreducing inertia in the systemand the availability of resourcescapable of providing frequencyregulation services - greatervulnerability to major events.

Reserve needs and ancillaryservices under review

59,4

59,5

59,6

59,7

59,8

59,9

60

60,1

0 5 10 15 20

Without DER

500 MW of DER

Freq

ue

ncy

(H

Z)

Time (s)


Impact on Voltage control and stabilityVoltage dip event - 115 KV with DER

Vol

tage

115

kV

sys

tem

(p.u

)

Time (s)

Short Circuit event at a 220 kV line

reactive power support of der in the colombian power grid planning... · der in the colombian power...

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