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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS


6.1 Preparation of extract and properties:-

Successive Soxhlet extract process as yielded green and sticky coloured

Methanolic extract and dark brown colored Aqueous extract.

Table 3: Preliminary phytochemical screening

S.No

Types of Chemical Constituents Methanolic extract

1 Carbohydrates +

2 Proteins -

3 Flavanoids +

4 Steroids +

5 Tannins and phenolic compounds +

6 SaponinGlycosides

+

7 Cardiacglycosides

-

8 Starch -

9 Alkaloids +

+ ve: indicates the presence of compounds

- ve: indicates the absence of compounds

6.2 Preliminary phytochemical screening:

Result:

It is observed from the phytochemical study that tannins, flavanoids, phenolic

compounds, carbohydrates, steroids and alkaloids are present in both extracts. Proteins

and starch are presents in aqueous extract.

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Acute toxicity (LD50) studies:-

Acute toxicity studies for methanolic extracts of Leea indica L. belonging to the

family Leeaceae were conducted as per OECD guidelines 423 using rats. Each animal

was administered methanolic extract by oral route. The animals were observed for any

changes continuously for the first 2hrs and up to 24hrs for mortality. There were no

mortality and noticeable behavioural changes in all the groups tested.

The extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. An attempt

was made to identify LD50 of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves. Since no

mortality was observed at 2000 mg/kg. It was thought that 2000 mg/kg was the cut off

dose.

6.3 Antiulcer activity:-

6.3.1 Pylorus ligation ulcer model:-

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on volume of gastric secretion

following pylorus ligation in rats: -

The volume of gastric juice secretion was significantly (P<0.05, P<0.001) reduced with

a dose 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared

with control.

The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on volume

of gastric juice secretion were 2.33, 4.97 and 2.86 ml respectively. The results are

summarized in Table No.4

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on free acidity following pylorus

ligation in rats:-

The free acidity was significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduced with a dose of

100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared with

control.

The effect of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on free MRIPS Page 60


acidity were 35.25, 80.14 and 35.80mEq/L respectively. The results are summarized in

Table No.2 and graphically depicted in Graph No.2

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on total acidity following pylorus

ligation in rats:-

The total acidity was significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduced with a dose

250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared with

control.

The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on total

acidity were 42.62, 106.72 and 47.34mEq/L respectively. The results are summarized

in Table No.2and graphically depicted in Graph No.3

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on pH following pylorus ligation in

rats:-

The pH was significantly (P< 0.001) increased with a dose 500mg/kg of MELI in

dose dependant manner when compared with control.

The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on pH

were 6.77, 2.81 and 6.60 respectively. The results are summarized in Table No.4 and

graphically depicted in Graph No.4

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Table 4: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on gastric secretion

following pyloric ligation in rats

Gr no Treatment Dose

Vol of

gastric juice

in ml

Free

acidity

Total

acidity

Ph

1 Control 50mg/kg 6.74 ±

0.13

84.109±

3.12

115.21±

2.42

1.42±

0.51

2 Standard 40mg/kg 2.33 ±

0.70**

35.25 ±

2.44**

42.62 ±

1.16**

6.7 ±

0.18**

3 MELI 100mg /kg 4.97 ±

0.68*

80.14 ±

2.33

106.72 ±

2.53*

2.81 ±

0.30*

4 MELI 200mg/ kg 2.86 ±

0.35**

35.80 ±

1.98

47.34 ±

1.98*

6.60 ±

0.25**

Values are the mean S.E.M. of 6 rats / treatment

Graph No.1: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on Volume of gastric

Juice in Pylorus ligation induced ulcer

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Graph No.2: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on free acidity in

pylorus ligation induced ulcer

0

20

40

60

80

100 ControlStandardMELI(100mg)

Free

Acid

ity(m

E/L/

100

gms)

Graph No.3: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on Total acidity in

Pylorus ligation induced ulcer

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Treatment

Vol O

f Gas

tric

Juice

(ml)


0

50

100


Tota

l Acid

ity(m

E/L/

100

gms)

Graph No.4: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on pH in Pylorus

ligation induced ulcer

0

2

4

6

8


ph

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %

protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

Gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001)

reduced by pre-treatment with test extracts of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose

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related manner when compared with control.

The reduction of ulcer index at a dose, 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and

200mg/kg of MELI were 7.3, 1.8, 4.79 and 1.54 respectively.

The percentage protection produced at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and

200mg/kg of MELI were 79.49, 40.05 and 76.48 respectively.

The ulcer protective action at 200 mg/kg dose of MELI was found to be closer to

the reference standard drug, Ranitidine. The results are tabulated in Table No.5 and

graphically depicted in Graph No.5. The photographs of open stomach are affixed in Fig.

No.6

Table 5: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their

% protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

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S. No Treatment Dose Ulcer index % protection

1 Control 50mg/kg6.44±.0.11 35.46

2 Standard

(Ranitidine)

40mg/kg

1.8±0.69** 79.15

3 MELI 100mg/kg 6.91±0.35*** 45.63

4 MELI 200mg/kg 1.73± 0.42** 75.93


Graph No 5: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and

their % protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

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0

2

4

6

8


Ulce

r Ind

ex

Fig 6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %

protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

Standard Rantidine

Control (40mg/kg)

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MELI-100mg/kg MELI-200mg/kg

6.3.2 Aspirin induced ulcer:

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %

protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats:

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Gastric lesions induced by aspirin were significantly (P<0.001) reduced by pre-

treatment with test extracts of 100mg/kg of MELI and 200mg/kg in dose related manner

when compared with control.

The reduction of ulcer index at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and

200mg/kg of MELI were 7.45, 1.95, 5.25 and 1.65 respectively.

The percentage protection at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and

200mg/kg of MELI were 86.78%, 77.85%, 46.42 %and 73.14 % respectively.

The ulcer protective action at 200 mg/kg dose of MELI was found to be closer to

the reference standard drug, Ranitidine. The results are tabulated in Table No.6 and

graphically depicted in Graph.No.6. The photograph of open stomach is affixed in Fig.

No.7

Table 6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and

their % protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

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Gr.no Treatment Dose Ulcer index %protection

1 Control

(Aspirin)

200mg/kg 7.45

± 0.54 40.51

2 Standard

(Ranitidine)

40mg/kg 1.95

± 0.34** 77.85

3 MELI 100mg/kg 5.25

± 0.84*** 46.42

4 MELI 200mg/kg 1.65

± 0.12** 73.14


Graph No.6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index

and their % protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Tota

l Acid

ity(m

E/L/

100

gms)

Fig. 7: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on ulcer index and their %

protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

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Control Aspirin Standard Ranitidine (40mg/kg)

100mg/kg MELI 200mg/kg MELI

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