re imagining the scaling up approaches of fertilizer tree
TRANSCRIPT
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Re-imagining disruptive and reverse extension of fertilizer tree agroforestry in Malawi
Bruce Sosola, Isaac Nyoka and Aston Mulwafu(World Agroforestry Centre)
A discussion paper presented at the 2015 Malawi Forum on Agricultural Advisory Services, ICT Extension Week at the Malawi Institute of Malawi
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1.0 Introduction
• Word Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) –Consultative Group in International
Agricultural Research (CGIAR) –research for development (R4D) in
agroforestry systems–Works with national research and
extension systems (NARES)
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2.0 Key underlying NR based problems facing agriculture
• Inherent soil infertility• loss of soil nutrients from erosion
and leaching• Deforestation• Climate change (weather variability)
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3.0 Product Description
• Fertiliser tree agroforestry (FTA) systems have the potential to address the challenges of declining soil fertility and improve food security.
• FTA enhances resilience of farming systems to climate and weather variability
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4.0 Scaling up investment platform
• Agroforestry Food Security Programme (AFSP)–Financed by Ireland and Flanders–Markets tree based portfolios • Fertilizer, Fodder bank, Fruit, Fuelwood
–Adoption=efficiency of extension*farmer factor
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5.0 The theory of change
• Going beyond on-farm demonstration and on-station trials.• Agricultural development is
incomplete without innovative extension.–Disruptive extension–Reverse extension
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R4D diamond-chain model
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Technical Extension Efficiency
FTA Chemical Fertilizer0
20
40
60
80
100
120
83
97
45
78
KnowUse
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Technical Agronomic efficiency
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Technical Agronomic efficiency
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation Capacities
Fertilizer TreeAmount of N2-fixed (kg N/ha)
Cowpea 35Groundnut 33Cajanus cajan 50Tephrosia vogelii 157Gliricidia sepium 212Sesbania sesban 84
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6.0 Low adoption challenges
• Long gestation periods to benefits (two-three years)
• Roaming livestock and harmful bushfires• Access to high quality planting materials• Lack of appreciation of the efficacy of FTA• Inadequate extension approaches– Low return on extension investment– social marketing approaches
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7.0 Moving Forward
• Disruptive extension– Marketing based extension (cellphone analogy)– Product development (need based)
• Embedded FISP• ICT based
• Reverse extension– Urban-rural remittances– urban based extension– “Value for many’ versus ‘value for money”– By-law development (Council and community)
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Some afterthoughts
• Girl child education– Reduced pressure on extension personnel– Enhanced nutrition transformation– Enhanced household resilience
• Increased ICT/extension budgeting in development programmes– More value for money
• “Celebrity” based extension– Pastors, traditional leaders, teachers, nurses– Ambassadors of change
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8.0 Take home message
• Extension without adoption of the technology in question by the customers is both carelessness and misfortune. Research
Extension
Adoption