rdl priorities for new and renewable energy technologies in new zealand. david f.s. natusch egnret...
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RDL
Priorities for New and Renewable Energy Technologies in New Zealand.
David F.S. Natusch
EGNRET 25 Economy Report,
Yang Ming Shan, 31 Oct -2 November, 2005
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
RDL
Coverage
Current Energy Situation
Future Outlook
The Way Ahead
The Place of NRET in New Zealand
The Role of Government
Key Points
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
RDL
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
Current Energy Situation• Primary Energy Supply, 768 PJ
• Domestic Energy Consumption, 508 PJ
• Electricity Supplied, 41,500 GWh (5,800 MW)
• Installed Capacity, 6,300 MW
• Petroleum, 200 PJ
• Natural Gas, 150 PJ (- 22% this year!)
• Electricity, 60 PJ,
• Petrochemicals, 47 PJ
• Industrial, Commercial, Residential, 43 PJ,
• Coal, 5 million tonnes/year, 110 PJ,
• Geothermal, 520 MW
• Wind, 350 MW
RDL
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
Electricity Generation in New Zealand
Hydroelectricity 60%
Geothermal 9%
Wind 6%
Natural Gas 13%
Coal 12%
Other v. small
Currently about 75% from New and Renewables
But, This Distribution is Changing Rapidly
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
Maui Gas Field is near Depletion
Replacement Options (200 PJ)
Petroleum Products,
Natural Gas,
LNG,
Coal/Lignite,
Hydro,
Geothermal,
Wind,
Biofuels - Ethanol from Agricultural Biomass,
- Methanol and Ethanol from Forest Biomass,
- Fats and Oils,
- Biogas,
Hydrogen/Fuel Cells,
Combination of the Above.
All have associated Shortcomings
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Way Ahead
Options
• LNG, Lignite and Wind are real options,
• Gas exploration encouragement,
Impediments
• Major Nimby & Banana constraints,
• Lack of coordinated planning,
• “The market will Decide”,
• Government will Regulate.
NRET likely to Increase
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Commercially Proven in New Zealand
• Hydro
• Geothermal
• Wind
• Fastest Growing,
• 2 new wind farms under approval (435 MW).
• Biogas
• Small scale,
• Sewage and Landfill based.
All future development by the Private Sector
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Near Commercially Proven in New Zealand
• Lignite
• via Gasification,
• Very Large (200-300 years supply)
• Biodiesel
• Technically Proven and Field Trialed,
• Rapeseed Oil and Animal Tallow Esters.
All future development by the Private Sector
RDL
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Technically, but not yet Commercially, Proven
• Agricultural Biomass
• Sugar Beet and Maize,
- Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5 and E 20),
- Ethanol (E 90).
• Forest Biomass
• Fermentation of Wood (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus),
- Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5 and E 20),
- Ethanol (E 90),
- Biogas.
• Wood Gasification (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus),
- Methanol/Gasoline Blends (M 2-3, M 15),
- Methanol (M 85),
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Research and Development Stage
• Hydrogen
• Coal,
• Biomass
• Water
• Fuel Cells
• Mainly System Integration
Limited Government and Private Sector Research
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Work on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
• Hydrogen
• Research Projects 7
• Demonstration Projects 3
• Fuel Cells
• Research Projects 3
• Demonstration Projects 1
Number of Small R & D Projects
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Research on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in New Zealand
• Hydrogen Production from New Zealand Coals,
• Fuel Cell System Integration,
• Grid Intergrative CHP Fuel Cell (1 kW),
• Wind based RAPS Alkaline Fuel Cell (2 kW),
Both Government and Private Sector Research
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Future Role of NRET
Demonstrations of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
• Hydrogen RAPS, Rural Community (2 kW),
• Methanol Fuel Cell, Captive Power (2 kW),
• Associated Carbon Dioxide Sequestration,
• Water Electrolysis from Renewable Energy,
• Photo Electrochemical Hydrogen Production,
• Hydrogen Storage in Light Metal Hydrides,
• Hydrogen Storage in “sponge” materials,
• Thermo Chemical Hydrogen Production.
Both Government and Private Sector Demonstrations
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
The Role of Government
• Promote Investment in New Technology
• Establish Regulations, Standards & Codes,
• Establish the Institutional Infrastructure,
• Create an Environment for Private Investment,
• Establish long term Tax & Excise Duty Advantages,
• Promote Public Awareness,
• Engage with Industry in Promotion and Marketing,
• Maintain a Long Term Commitment.
Government does not take a Leading Role
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
Key Points
• Already a high level of Renewable Energy,
• Wind Energy is growing Rapidly,
• Lignite Gasification potential very large,
• Biomass options Technically proven,
• Limited additional NRET options,
• Private Sector has Choice of future Energy,
• Government Role largely Regulatory,
• Limited Current R & D in NRET .
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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand
A Final Word
Fischer Tropsch GTL/CTL Technology is Coming of Age!
• Economic at Current Oil Prices,
• Premium Quality Products,
• Brings Stranded Gas to Market
- 2,500 tcf Worldwide, 370 tcf in
APEC
• Well suited to Coal/Lignite Feedstock
• Utilizes Existing Fuel Supply Infrastructure,
• Environmentally Friendly,
• Minimal (zero) Social Disruption
Gasoline and Diesel may well live on for a while!