rd8000 training .ppt - south dakota public utilities...
TRANSCRIPT
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GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE X PROCESS EQUIPMENT X DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS
RD8000Training Course
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RD8000 Product Training
Welcome to the Radiodetection RD8000 Training Course
RD8000 Training CourseVersion 2 2
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RD8000 – Precision locators
RD8000PXL - Industry standard high
performance cable and pipe locator
RD8000PDL - Radiodetection’s most
advanced cable and pipe locator
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RD8000 Locators
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RD8000 locators contain many features:
- Model dependant
- See brochure and user guide
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RD8000 Transmitters
1 Watt, 3 Watt & 10 Watt- Compliment RD8000
One platform for all
Contain many features- Model dependant- See brochure and user guide
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Why do we use Locators and Transmitters ?
Safety- Reduce cable and pipe
strikes- Could be power cable- Could be high pressure
pipeline
Accuracy- Reduced time- Reduced cost
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Think safety – at all times
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What are we locating
Locators do not locate cables or pipes, they locate the magnetic field around the line (must be a conductor)The magnetic field is created by an alternating current (AC) flowing along the lineThis magnetic field forms a cylindrical shape around the line and is known as the ‘signal’Principle known as electromagnetic induction
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Basic Locating
The first step to successful locating is to obtain as much information about the site before the locator is even turned on.
• Obtain utility maps or drawings• Observe the site• Look for physical evidence, i.e. covers, telegraph poles, street
lamps, trench scars etc
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Basic Location
STEP 1
Set the gain to maximumHolding the locator vertical at all times, sweep the area with a steady and deliberate motionIf necessary adjust the gain to keep the bar graph on scale
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Basic Location
STEP 2
When a signal is detected continue along the search route until signal reduces, then move back to where the signal is strongest, (Peak).
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Basic Location
STEP 3
Mark positionMeasure depth Measure current
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Two types of location methods
Passive….
These occur naturally on cables and pipes
No need for a transmitter
The main purpose is for avoidance
Quick
Relatively easy
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Naturally occurring signals
Passive Location (Power)
50/60 Hz radiating from loaded power cables50/60 Hz signals induced into groundThese signals travel along metallic cables or pipesEnables most, but not all power cables to be located passively
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Naturally occurring signals
Passive Location (Radio)
Very low frequency (long wave) radio waves from distant transmittersGround provides return paths for energyMetallic lines form preferred paths
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Naturally occurring signals
Passive Location - Practical Implications…
Cannot identify… Same signal may appear on any conductor
Live line with load switched off… no current flow
- so no detectable locate signal – remains a danger
3 phase cables can be difficult to locate…
- High voltage are better balanced and cancel their fields
- Radio mode valuable complement to Power mode
All passive signals can change without warning
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Two types of location methods
Active….
A signal produced by a transmitter and actively
applied to a cable or pipe.
Purpose is for tracing and identifying
Measuring depth
Measuring current
Confirmation
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Actively applying the transmitter signal
There are three ways to actively apply a signal to a target line....
Direct Connection
Induction
Signal Clamp
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Actively applying the Transmitter signal
Direct Connection
Plug connection lead into transmitterEnsure good electrical connection and remove paint or rustGround stake should be placed at 90º to the cable and as far away as possible
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Actively applying the transmitter signal
Induction
Transmitter signal can be applied without connectionSignal is generally less than that of connection methodsAs high frequency is used, there is a tendency for signal to couple onto adjacent metallic lines
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Actively applying the transmitter signal
Signal Clamp
Used when no access for direct connectionTransmitter does not need to be groundedTarget line needs to be earthed at both endsTypically uses frequencies in region of 8kHz and above (sub 1kHz if using CD clamp)
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RD8000 Locator Menu – Model specific
VOL : Volume levelBATT : Battery typeALERT : Strike AlertFREQ: Frequency enable / disableANT : Antenna enable / disablePOWER :50Hz or 60HzLANG : Language selectionCAL : Last factory calibrationUNITS : Depth measurementBT : Bluetooth optionsLOG : Logged dataCDR : CD reset
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RD8000 Transmitter Menu – Model specific
VOL: VolumeBT: BluetoothMAX V: Low / High voltageMODEL: Locator modelMAX P: Maximum powerBATT: Battery typeOPT F: Sidestep AutoLANG: LanguageBOOST: 10W outputFREQ: Enable / disable
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Questions ?
What are we locating ?
Passive
Active
Ways of applying signal
Menu navigation
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Frequency selection
RD8000 has many frequencies
Using the optimum frequency is very importantEach application will be differentTrial and error - experience or experiment
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Frequency selection
Low frequency (200Hz to 1kHz)
Direct connection onlyLess likely to bleed offSignal carries furtherUnlikely to couple onto other nearby linesWill not jump insulated jointsDifficult to apply to high resistance applications
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Frequency selection
Mid frequency (8kHz to 33kHz)
Good all round frequencyMore likely to bleed offModerate distanceUnlikely to couple onto other nearby linesLess difficult to apply to high resistance applicationsCables and pipesDirect, clamp and induction
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Frequency selection
High frequency (65kHz to 200kHz)
More likely to bleed offShorter distanceWill jump insulated jointsEasy to apply with high resistance applicationsWill couple to adjacent linesGood for induction
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Current Measurement
Why do we need CM ?
The diagram shows the conventional locator response for the same signal on three adjacent conductors buried at different depths. It is only when CM is used that the correct target line can be identified.
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Current Measurement
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Current losses returning to source
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Current loss due to poor insulation
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Current loss due to tee connection
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Connection methods
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Connection methods
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Active Induction Sweep
Another method of finding buried conductors is to use the induction sweep method
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Induction Technique - 2 person radial sweep
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Induction Technique
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Location Problems
Locators do not find cables or pipes, they find magnetic fields
Therefore anything that affects the magnetic field radiating from a buried conductor will cause a problem or result in some form of error
- Commonly the main problem is distortion
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Location Problems
A distorted field appears to come from a different point.
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Locator Problems
Reinforcement bars pick up and re-radiate signalsRaise receiver 0.5mReduce sensitivityReduce transmitter outputCareful with frequencies
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Locator Problems
Changes in direction can be a problemIf the signal disappears within a short distance, move back to a position where it can be locatedFrom this position walk in a circle until the signal is found again
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Locator Problems
Changes in target line depth can cause problems.Walk in a circle from the last locatable position until the signal is found again.If the signal is not found, turn the receiver gain up until it can be.
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Locator Problems
Do not measure depth near a bend
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Locator Problems
The fence is a very good earth but…- The return signal will flow along the fence, this could be very strong and may interfere with target line
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Questions ?
Antenna selection
Which frequency ?
Current measurement
Locator techniques
Location problems
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Locating Non Metallic Services
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Tracing Non-Metallic Pipes
Plastic or concrete pipes, ducts and drains cannot be located electromatically, unless a tracer wire is inserted or laid along pipeSonde - self contained transmitterFrequency can be chosen to match locatorSize dictates detection distance - transmitting power
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Accessories - FlexRod
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Sonde locating
Sonde on the end of a FlexRod
Sonde on the end of a FlexiTrace
* Notice the orientation of the locator
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Sonde Locating
Sondes produce a different fieldLocator should be in line with sondeLocate ghost signal
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Accessories - FlexiTrace
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Using a FlexiTrace
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Using a FlexiTrace
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Accessories - Stethoscopes
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Accessories – Clamps
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Accessories – Live plug / cable connector
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Accessories - rechargeable battery pack
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Accessories – Submersible Antenna
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Accessories - rechargeable battery pack
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Locator Features
Compass4 Antenna modesCurrent Direction (CD)Fault Find (8KFF & CD)Passive AvoidanceStrike AlertDynamic OverloadSurveyCERTiLOCeCALCentros Manager3 year extended warranty- Have you registered ?
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Compass
Provides visual indication of target lineUser can easily follow target line- very useful in congested areasAlignment required for accurate depth readings± 7.5º toleranceCommonly known as TruDepth
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Antenna Modes
PeakPeak/NullNullSingle
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Peak Mode
- Most Accurate- Ideal in congested areas- Depth & current readings- Compass
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Peak/Null Mode
- Simultaneous Peak & Null- Very popular- Useful to check for distortion- Compass- Depth and Current- Left & right proportional arrows
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Null Mode
- Left Right arrows- Compass- Audio tone change- No depth or current- Not so good in congested areas
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Dynamic Overload Protection (DOP)
Used in areas where large signals presentAutomatically detects large signals and reduces gain by 30dB (31)Very useful when working near HV cables or sub stations
In overload condition:- Mode flashes- No depth or current
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Strike Alert
Locates shallow cables and pipesAlerts on Power mode only –not activeApproximately under 30cmAudible and visual alertUser enable or disable
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Current Direction Mode (CD)
CompassAll antenna modesDepth and current
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Current Direction
Current Direction is a technique for increasing the information available at difficult locates.How does it work?
• CD works by comparing the phase relationship of two frequencies that are applied to the line at the same time.
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Current Direction
If this signal couples to another adjacent conductor, will be a change in phase relationship between the two frequenciesThe receiver compares the signal with its reference and decides if it matches.
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Fault Find (FF & CD)
Known as 8KFF or CDFFUsed to locate sheath faults on cables or coating defects on pipes
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Fault Finding
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Centros Manager
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SurveyCert™
Provides an operator with the capability to store and review up to 1000 locate records on an RD8000 Information can be uploaded to a PDA or PC using Bluetooth connection Locate information can be sent instantly or at the end of a survey and can be viewed on a PC or PDA using SurveyCERT
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Centros Manager – Software download
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Centros Manager – Option Editor
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eCAL
Validate locator against original factory calibration (0.1%)Useful for checking operation of locator (confidence)Purchase eCAL key onlineUser can carry out eCAL on siteNo need to send back locator –saves time and money
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Centros Manager – eCAL Validation
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eCAL Validation Certificate
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iLOC
Means of remotely controlling the transmitter via Bluetooth with the RD8000 locatorChange frequencySide StepPower Management
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Further Information
Radiodetection Website - www. radiodetection.com
Technical Support
xyz of location
Application notes
Case studies
Product support
Library - User guides / brochures
News
Products
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