rc lect7 lit2
TRANSCRIPT
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Nationalism in the Novels
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
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OBJECTIVES
o Analyze the literary features of Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
o Discover real life characters andsetting Rizal patterned the novels
o Recover the historical backgroundof the two novels
o Discuss and explain how the friars
and government respond to the twonovels
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INTRODUCTION
Rizals biggest
contribution to thePropagandaMovement was theprinting of Noli MeTangere and El
Filibusterismo.
The two works areconsidered the
gospels ofPhilippinenationalism.
Noli MeTangere
Berlin,Germany
(1886)
Crisostomo
Ibarra andMariaClara
ElFilibusterismo
Ghent,Belgium
(1891)
Simounand his
revenge
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NOLI ME TANGERE
The Social Cancer
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I have laughedabout our misfortunesbecause nobody wants toweep with me
- Jose P. Rizal
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How did Rizal formulate the idea of writing Noli Me Tangere?
Rizal presented a
proposal on writing anovel about thePhilippines to the Circulo-Hispano Filipino
Jaena and other
propagandists agreed towrite a book pertaining tothe events, heritage, andlives of the FilipinosPedro Paterno publishedhis novel Ninay; with thesubtitle CostumbresFilipinas
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The Writing of Noli Me Tangere
Rizal started writingthe novel in 1884The first half wascompleted in Madrid,one-fourth in Paris,France and theremaining part inBerlin, GermanyThe title, Noli MeTangere, in English isTouch Me Not
(German Title: Rhremich nicht an orBerhre mich nicht
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Influences on Rizal as a writer
Costumbrismo is a Spanishliterary movement which shows
local customs and traditions.
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JOSE RIZAL
Novels / Poetry /essay
political
atmosphere
European
literature
European
philosophy
Influences on Rizal as a writer
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JOHN LOCKE FRIEDRICHWILHELM
JOSEPH VONSCHELLING
BENITO PREZGALDS
Influences on Rizal as a writer
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VICTOR HUGO FRIEDRICHSCHILLER
FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUETDE VOLTAIRE
Influences on Rizal as a writer
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Ideas on Noli me Tangere
JuanLunas
Spolarium
Harriet
Beecher
StowesUncleTomsCabin
Eugene
Sues
TheWandering
Jew
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Uncle TomsCabin
Bestseller in Europe
Political message:Christian unity for thefreedom of Negroes
Slaves
Influenced destruction ofslavery in America
Noli MeTangere
Like Stowes adheres toeducation as solution to
slavery
Ibarras mission:education for new
generation
Helped destroy Spanishcolonialism in the
Philippines
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Titles of the two novels
The title NoliMe Tangere, inEnglish Touch
Me Not(German Title:
Rhre mich
nicht anorBerhre michnicht)
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o The title based on biblical story,
Jesus and Mary MagdaleneJohn 20:17
"Then Jesus speaks to her: Touch
me not, for I have not yetascended to My Father. But go toMy brothers and tell them: I am
going to My Father, to My Godand your God."
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Titles of the two novels
the word originated from
French word, filibustier a sea robber, especiallyone of the piraticaladventurers, English andFrench, who preyed on
Spanish ships in America
in the 17th and 18th century
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Noli me Tangere: Rizals Purpose
Expose the ills ofPhilippine society
Make the Filipinosknown around theworld
Obtain freedom andprogress through thenovel
The author relates
this to a socialcancer of a breedso malignant thatthe least contact
exacerbates it andstirs in it the
sharpest of pains
in his dedication:To My Motherland
(A mi patria).
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I wanted to awaken mycountrymen form their profoundlethargy, and whoever wants toawaken does not do so with softand light sounds but withexplosions, blows, etc.
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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI
o Noli Me Tangere revolves around the love
between Mara Clara and the mainprotagonist in the novel, Simoun Ibarra.
o Crisostomo Ibarra is an educated man fromEurope who discovers the backwardness of
his country.
o Noli Me Tangere has similar plot with GaldsSpanish novel, Doa Perfecta.
o El Filibusterismo is the return of Crisostomo inthe person of Simoun Ibarra who wants toavenge the maligning of his father and torescue his sweetheart, Maria Clara.
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The cover ofbook, Noli MeTangere, hashiddenmessages andmeaning.
i i i
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Impoverished
circumstance;Paciano was in
exile, Leonormarried a British
man
Rizals Thoughts El Filibusterismo
El Fili: Darker than Noli
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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI
o Crisostomo Ibarra and
Simoun Ibarrao Elias
o Tasio
o Maria Clara
o Father DamasoVardolagas
o Capitan Santiago delos Santos
o Doa VictorinaEspadaa
o Basilio
o Crispin
o Father Florentinoo Juli
o Cabesang Tales
o Sisa
o Father Bernardo Salvi
o Father Hernando de laSybila
o Isaganio Makaraig
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THEME, PLOT AND CHARACTERS OF NOLI AND FILI
Rizal uses Sisa and Maria
Clara as symbol of thePhilippines.
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It seems that everybody hasconspired to embitter my life.
They have impeded my return,promising to send me a monthlypension, and after having sent
me one months pension theyforget about me.
Rizal and El Filibusterismo
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Movements for and against the novels
o Positive comments on Noli from
Europe: Adolph Meyer, FeodorJagor and Ferdinand Blumentritt.
o Felix Hidalgo admired the courage
of Rizal while Plaridel called hiswork excellent and abovestandard.
o Family, friends and especially themasses were enthusiastic aboutthe novel.
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Noli me Tangere: Rizal against his Alma Mater
o The printing and arrival of Noli in the
Philippines forced a confrontationbetween Rizal and UST.
o UST Rector, Fr. Gregorio Echevarriaappointed a committee to review and
examine the novel.o August 30, 1887, the verdict was handed
down: Heretical, impious and
scandalous
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Movements for and against the novels
o Instead of Noli Me Tangere, the novel wascalled Noli Me Legere
o Permanent Commission on Censorship ofthe Philippines ( Comisin Permanente de
Censura) through Fr. Salvador Font foundthe novel libelous, defamatory, full offalsehood and calumny.
..According to the author, Spain has brought here nothinggood, or so dearly it has cost the Islands the few rudiments
of civilization that they have received that degradation and
death would be a thousand times preferable living under
the despotic government of Spain
ovemen s or an aga ns e
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ovemen s or an aga ns enovels
The friars were furious with Jose Rizal and hisnovels.
The church banned the books importation, so
some would smuggle the book to the country.
And the friars warned readers that reading Noli
Me Tangere means imposed punishment such
as excommunication, banishment and
castration.Friar Jose Rodrguez issued a pamphlet entitled
Caiingat Cayo warning people of the evils ofNoli Me Tangere
S
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Summary
o Both novels are jeremiads, and consideredthesis-novels.
o Both Fili and Noli projects the fears of theillustrado class: lost of Philippines as colony ofSpain
o The novels retained the costumbrist interest incustom and manners.o European philosophy and literature influenced
Rizals thoughts on the novels.
o The novels infuse Filipino literature with Spanishliberalism; and Jose Rizal created a forum ofthinking aloud his political ideas.
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NOLI AND FILI: REAL LIFESETTING AND CHARACTERS
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Rizals novels alluded to real life characters and setting
Examples areTelesforo Chuidian
who was said tobe the inspirationfor Kapitan Tiago
Calle Anloaguewas a real street
PanciteriaMacanista de
BuenGusto was a real
restaurant
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Carlos Palanca Tan Quien-sien
As the Chinaman Quiroga?
Some have speculatedthat Jose Rizal modeledQuiroga, Chinese from ElFilibusterismo, after Don
Carlos Palanca. JoseAlejandrino, a friend ofRizal, confirmed that it
was indeed the case.Alejandrino further
claimed that Don CarlosPalanca approached
Aguinaldo when he was
forming his revolutionarygovernment about thepossibility of creating an
opium monopoly.
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Panciteria Macanista de Buen Gusto on San Fernando Street, Binondo
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The Spanish troops were actually Filipino soldiers in the Spanish army
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING
Chapter 14 of ElFilibusterismo
depiectedstudents in a
boarding house.The boarding
house has noname; but with
great probabilitythat the scenes
and events in ElFilibusterismo wereRizals moments inCasa Tomasina.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING
Fr. FranciscoGainza could be
one of theprototypes of Fr.
Sibyla.
Fr. Francisco
Gainza opposedthe idea of
teaching Spanishin all elementary
schools in thePhilippines in 1861.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING
Academia deCastellano is a trueevent as stated by
Don Felipe Calderonin his letter to Miguel
Unamuno.
Felipe Calderon andthe students of
1887-1888 initiatedthe idea of the
establishment ofSpanish Academy.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING
Don BenignoQuiroga Ballesteros
seems to be thehigh official that left
teh Philippines overdisgust and clash
with the newGovernor-General.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS
Father Milln has
been connected tothe real life Fr. G.B.De la R because heis Rizals professor
in Ampliacion deFisica.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS
Father Sibylas
character,accordingly, may bebased on personaltraits of prominent
Dominicans inRizals time: Fr.
Jose HeviaCampomanes and
Fr. BernardinoNozaleda.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: FRIARS
Father Fernandez,exceptionally
humble and goodamong the friars,
probably was FatherEvaristo FernandezArias, a Dominican
poet, friend and
professor of Rizal.
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: STATUE OF THE FOUNDER
Juanito, Now I remember! You know, I have been put in
charge of collecting the contributing.
What contributions?
For the monument.
What monument?
Why, Father Baltazars! Didnt you know?
And who is Father Baltazar?
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REAL LIFE CHARACTERS AND SETTING: STATUE OF THE FOUNDER
HISTORICALBACKGROUND OF THE
STATUE
From the Cronicaof theDominicans, the Rector,
Fr. Joaquin Fonsecaconceived the idea of
erecting the monument ofFr. Benavidez in a public
place.
But Rizal never saw thefulfillment of the project.
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o According to Fr. Villaroel,
Was there perhaps in Rizals lifesome Basilio or Basilia, relative,student, or friend, whom hewanted to immortalize by usingtheir names in the novels?Besides Basilio the student andBasilio the captain, I suspect
that two other personal namesare anagrammatically of Basilio,namely Salvi ( Vasil, Basil) andSibyla (Basily).
SUMMARY
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SUMMARYo Noli and Fili are novels rooted from
historical situations and experiences ofthe author.
o University of Santo Tomas is prominent inthe background of the two novels.
o His main thesis: discredit the colonialgovernment and religious institution.
o Did he regret studying in UST because heshowed it in his two novels? The answer is
no. Through his favorable intention ofdepicting good and bad friars he wasable to balance revenge and gratitude.