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TRANSCRIPT
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
RayMan -Possibilities and Limitations
Email: Email: andreasandreas..matzarakismatzarakis@@meteometeo.uni.uni--freiburgfreiburg.de.de
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Visual ManualRayMan Pro
Andreas Matzarakis and Frank Rutz
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
RayMan ProA Tool for Applied Climatology
Sunshine durationSunpaths
ShadowGlobal radiationMean radiant temperat.Predicted Mean VotePhys. Equiv. Temp.Stand. Effec. Temp.....
Easy environmentsComplex environmentsTopographyFish-Eye Hemisph. input/SVFMeteo dataClimate data....
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
The beginnings
Calculation of SVFCalculation of thermal indicesWindows based programUser friendlyEstimation of Tmrt
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Components of the radiationbalanceI solar radiationD diffuse radiationR shortwave reflected radiation A longwave radiation of atmosp.E longwave radiation of surfacesEkm shortwave radiation human
H internal heat production
Icl clothing insulation
C convection
Qsw sweat evaporation
Qre heat flux respiration
nach G. Jendritzky
R
R
RC
Qsw
B
E E
Ekm
Qre
I
D
A
EE
HIcl
Energy balance applied Energy balance applied Energy balance applied on human on human on human beeingsbeeingsbeeings
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Human-Biometeorological Assessment of the Thermal Component of Different Climates
atmospheric environment
- air temperature - vapour pressure - wind speed - short- and long-wave radiation from the whole surroundings (mean radiant temperature)
human beings - grade of activity - heat transfer resistance of the clothing
human heat balance - comfort equation by FANGER - model MEMI - model IMEM - ...
thermophysiological assessment indices - Predicted Mean Vote PMV - Physiological Equivalent Temperature PET - ...
assessment standards
results (maps, temporal variability, ...)
neutral conditions at 20 C
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Human Energy BalanceUnder stationary conditions due to priciples of thermodynamics:total of
input energies = total of output energies
H + Q* + QH +QL + QSw + Qre = 0
H: internal heat production (metabolic heat production - heat loss due to physical (mechanical) work)
Q*: net radiation (radiative heat flux)
QH: turbulent flux of sensible heat (convection heat flux), interchange of sensible heat between the surface of the body and the ambient air
QL: turbulent flux of latent heat due to water vapour diffusion through the skin into the ambient air
QSw: turbulent flux of latent heat due to sweat evaporation
Qre: heat flux due to respiration (heating and humidification of respired air)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Threshold values of thermal indices PMV and PET for different grades of thermal sensivity of human beings and physio-logical stress on human beings
(according to Matza-rakis and Mayer, 1996)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
RayMan Model Modelling mean radiant temperature
Estimation of thermal indices
Thermal indices Predicted Mean Vote PMV Physiological equivalent temperature PET Standard effective temperature SET*
Required data Air temperature Ta Vapour pressure VP Wind speed v Clothing clo Activity Act
Geo factors Topography Buildings Vegetation
Climatic factors Clouds Albedo Bowen-Ratio
Topography Buildings data, Vegetation data Input of horizon limitation Import of fish-eye-photographs
Output Sunshine duration Shade Short- and longwave
radiation fluxes Mean Rad. Temp. Tmrt Energy balance of the human body
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
VDI, 1998: VDI 3787, Part I: Environmental Meteorology, Methods for thehuman biometeorological evaluation of climate and air quality for theurban and regional planning at regional level. Part I: Climate. Beuth, Berlin.
VDI, 1994: VDI 3789, Part 2: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the short- and longwave radiation. Beuth, Berlin.
VDI, 2001: VDI 3789, Part 3: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the spectral irradiances in the solar wavelength range. Beuth, Berlin.
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Tmrt is defined as the uniform temperature of a surrounding surface giving off blackbody radiation (=1) which results in the same radiation energy gain of a human body as the prevailing radiation fluxes which are usually very varies under open space conditions.
Mean Radiant Temperature
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), Fp, SVF) S: Solar radiationD: diffuse radiationA: aldedoA: atmospheric radiationE: radiation of solid surfacesfp: projection factor (human)SVF: Sky View factorTmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), fp, SVF, shadow, multiple reflexion, turbidity,
clouds,)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Mean Radiant Temperature
Tmrt usually corresponds indoors to the air temperature, but at sunny locations outdoors it can be more than 30 K higherTmrt can be calculated by measurement of the short- and long wave radiation fluxes of the whole surroundingsTmrt can be modelled
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ( 1/ * (Ei + ak * Di/p )* Fi)0,25p : Emission coefficient of the human body (default 0,97)Di : diffuse solar radiation and reflected global radiationak : Absorption coefficient of the sun exposed Surfaces for short wave radiation
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
Ei: long wave radiation, calculation by Ei = i* * Tsi
4( is the Stefan Boltzmann Constant 5,67*10-8
W/m2*K4, Tsi is surface temperature,i is Emissions coefficient)Fi: area of sky/surfaces
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt* = (Tmrt4 + fp * ak * I/( p*))
0,25
I: Radiation intensity of the sun on a surface perpendicular to the incident radiation directionfp: Projection factor, lies between 0,308 for 0 solar angle and
0,082 for 90
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
The mean radiation flux SStr(in W/m2)
density absorbed by the human body is calculated as:Sstr = Wi *(ak*Ki + al*Li)
Ki and Li: stands for short- and long wave radiation fluxes (in W/m2) from the six directions (North, East, South, West, upper and lower hemisphere)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of TmrtWi: Weighting factors: In order to be able to calculate the radiation fluxes on the surface of a standing or seated person from the six individual measurements of the terrestrial and solar radiation respectively, the dimension less weighting factors Standing (resp. 0.22 for radiation fluxes from North, East, South and West and respectively 0.06 for the radiation fluxes from the upper and lower hemisphere)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
ak: Absorption coefficient of the human body for the short wave radiation
al:Absorption coefficient of the human body for the long wave radiation
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ((Sstr/ (al*)) 273,2)1/4
Emission coefficient p of the human body is equal the Absorption coefficient al (5.67*10-8 W/(m2*K4)) is the Stefan-Boltzmann-Constant
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Unter a Tree E-W Southside E-W Northside
N-S Easside N-S WestsideUrban ClimateStation
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
v
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RayMan Pro
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Starting 1998First run: 1998Releases: 1.0, 1.1., 1.2, (1.3), RayMan ProEnd: ?
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Development by University of FreiburgBilingual 1(DE/RN)Help only in EN
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
File: ExitInput: Option for Input of meteo and other dataOutput: Generation and Output of Dato/FiguresTable: Selection of output Parameters Language: Selection of Language?: Help, Bibliography, Info, Website
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Topography
Obstacles
Sky view factor
Data file
Additional pre-settings
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Input/Import of topographical data
Clear/newOpen new fileSave file
Edit
Location
Produce your own topo file
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Clear/newOpen new fileSave file
Add new obstaclesRemove obstaclesEdit obstaclesCopy obstaclePaste obstacleMove everythingZoom inZoom outSet yardstickMove locationImport map imageMove templateRemove template
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Input of co-ordinates of vegetation
Deciduous tree
Coniferous tree
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Input Co-ordinates Buildings/solid surfaces
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Input: albedo and emission
Clear/newOpen new file
Save file
Grid in foreground
Limit edges
Limit clouds
Fill colour
Monochrome
Brush color
Select color
Show values
Color of selectedRGB
Run changes
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Input: albedo and emission
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Eingabe/Import fr freies Zeichnen/fish-eye Aufnahmen Eingabe: Albedo und Emissionsvermgen
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Additional
settings
Import of meteorological/climatological
dataOutput formats (date, time)Bowen-ration inputs Albedo for surface Turbidity (automatical, individual)Ratio of diffuse raditionFog ** Transfer of Global radiation from other site
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Import of meteorological/climatological
data
Soft keys
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Diagram (Polar)
Diagram (Cylindrical not in operation)
Data table
Daily data
Shadow
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Save file
Clear/new
Print file
Zoom inZoom out
Change time
Change increment
Output:
Obstacles/Sun paths
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental SciencesOutput:
Combination
of
fish-eye
and
buildings
and tree data
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Output: Cartesian co-ordinates
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Additional Excel Sheet
available
Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)
Daily calculations sunshine and global radiation
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Output:
Shadow
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Output:
Shadow
Save file
Clear/new
Print file
Zoom inZoom out
Change time
Change increment
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Output:
Standard sheet
Additional Output:
MEMI sheet
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Help
RayMan Homepage
Info
Bibliography
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Bibliography Information
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
RayMan < 300 usersUniversities Companies/Govermental Countries
Gteborg, Freiburg, Bureau of Meteorol, Melbourne
Hellas, Germany, Swiss,
Kassel, Munich, Berlin,
CITMA, Cuba Austria, Japan, USA, UK,
Essen, Trier, Vienna, LANL, USA Canada, Australia, Israel,
Thessaloniki, Patras, CRES, Athens, Hellas Portugal, Spain, Italy,
Strassbourg, Lisboa, Croatian Weather Service Norway, Cuba, Argentina,
Sofia, Buenos Eyres, US Forest Service Brasil, Poland, South Africa,
Mendoza, Tel Aviv, Meteo Swiss Hungary, Netherlands,
Arizona, Madrid, IMA, Germany Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria,
Barcelona, Sydney, New Sealand, Algeria, India,
Warsow, Szeged, Sri Lanka, Costa Rica
Giessen, Colorado
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Applications of RayMan
Urban Climatology full use
Landscape climatology full and part use (radiation)
Tourism climatology and tourism planning full and part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration)
Agricultural climatology part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration)
Forest Meteorology part use (radiation, sky view)
Human biometeorology full use
....
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
What is new
What is nor working (yet)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
MEMI Integration with Output
Input- and Output formats (Date and time)
Input meteo files (soft keys), Missing values (default: 9999)
Sunshine duration in minutes
Turbidity (automatically or individual)
Buildings (Adaptation of Scans)
Urban Morphologies (a and ) for all all kinds
Polar input variable input von a und
More limits (a.e. no multiple inputs)
Daily (SD, G) with and without obstacles
New!
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Not working vertical surfaces
Transparency/Porosity of vegetation
Input digital Atlas
Detail Help
Additional calculation of Tmrt (VDI, Hppe)
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Summary
RayMan Model for calculation of radiation fluxes in urban areas (complex environments)Calculates SVF of urban structures (a.e. Buildings, Coniferous and deciduous trees) taking under consideration urban structures as geometrical properties
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Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences
Summary II
Calculation of SVF via free drawing or fish-eye imagesCalculation of short- and long wave radiation fluxes (current, daily courses) Export of Figures/Graphs in diverse formatsCalculation of Tmrt and Thermal indices (PET, PMV. SET*)
RayMan -Possibilities and LimitationsVisual ManualRayMan ProRayMan ProA Tool for Applied ClimatologyThe beginningsMean Radiant TemperatureMean Radiant TemperatureCalculation of Tmrt Calculation of TmrtCalculation of TmrtCalculation of Tmrt Calculation of TmrtCalculation of TmrtCalculation of Tmrt RayMan < 300 usersSummarySummary II