rates of reaction 1 learning goals: to be able to calculate rates of reaction and explain how rates...
DESCRIPTION
Determining Average Reaction Rate using the Secant of Graphs 3 The plot of the concentration verses time of reaction can yield much information about the rate of reaction. Draw a secant that covers the appropriate time period and determine the slope of that line. Concentration (mol/L) Time (s)TRANSCRIPT
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RATES OF REACTION
1
Learning Goals:To be able to calculate rates of reaction and explain how rates of reaction can be affected.
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Rate of Reaction2
Obtained by measuring the rate at which a product is formed or the rate at which a reactant is consumed over a period of time. Reaction rates can be measured as changes in mass, volume,
pH, colour or concentration of a chemical substance.
The units can be expressed as mol/s, mL/min, g/s, mol/L/h, etc..
timeelapsedionconcentratin change ratereaction average
tc r
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Determining Average Reaction Rate usingthe Secant of Graphs
3
The plot of the concentration verses time of reaction can yield much information about the rate of reaction. Draw a secant that covers the appropriate time period
and determine the slope of that line.
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
ol/L
)
Time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
20 40 60
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Average rate of reaction4
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
ol/L
)
Time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
20 40 60
Rateavg = slope of secant
= 1.75 mol/l – 0 65 s – 0= 0.027 mol/L s
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Determining Instantaneous Reaction Rateusing the Tangent of Graphs
5
Draw a tangent to the curve and determine the slope of the tangent. The instantaneous rate of reaction, usually the initial
rate of reaction, is determined by calculating the slope of the tangent (straight line touching at one point) at the point of interest.
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Initial (Instantaneous) rate of reaction6
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
ol/L
)
Time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
20 40 60
Rateinst = slope of tangent
= 2.0 mol/l – 0 20 s – 0= 0.1 mol/L s
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Example7
Example: What is the average rate of production of ammonia for the system between 1 and 4 mins if the concentration of ammonia is 3.5M after 1 min and 6.2M after 4 min?
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Example 28
Example: Determine the average rate of depletion of HCl from 1-3 mins based on the data in the graph
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Assignment9
Pg 361 # 1,2Pg 364 # 3, 4, 6Pg 365 # 8, 11Pg 366 # 1,2