rate on a scale 1 5 1 = most abnormal…. 5 = least abnormal a. woman exercises 3 times a day b....
TRANSCRIPT
Rate on a scale 1 51 = most abnormal…. 5 = least
abnormalA. Woman exercises 3 times a dayB. Man stands in street & directs traffic away from demons
C. PMSD. 1st cousins fall in loveE. woman cooks baby & feeds it to husband
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
ANXIETY DISORDERSSOMATOFORMDISSOCIATIVEMOODPERSONALITYSCHIZOPHRENIA
WHAT IS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?
WHAT’S ‘ABNORMAL’? 1) UNUSUALNESS 2) SOCIAL DEVIANCE (situational) 3) EMOTIONAL DISTRESS 4) MALADAPTIVE 5) DANGEROUS 6) FAULTY PERCEPTIONS or INTERPRETATIONS OF REALITY (hallucinations &/or delusions)
WHAT ARE PSYCH. DISORDERS? Behavior, thoughts, & emotions must be:
1) personal distress 2) impaired functioning 3) prolongedInvolve disturbances in
Behavior -- Perceptions Thinking -- Emotions
PREVALENCE 50% of U.S. adults will develop
30% of U.S. adults currently suffering
CULTURAL BASESMust take cultural context into acct when making judgments about abnormal behavior!
Abnormal behavior patterns can be expressed in diff’t ways in diff’t cultures ex. depression China vs. depression U.S.
Culture-bound syndromes: psych. disorders found in only 1 or a few culturesex. Dhat Syndrome
CAUSES OF PSYCH DISORDERSMODEL
Way of explaining abnormal behavior patterns or mental disorders
BIOLOGICALPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIOCULTURAL
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
DSM IVDiagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) of the APA
Objective & consistent way to diagnose
Classifies psych. disorders into categories distinctive features or symptoms
Discover connections among disorders
ppl can experience symptoms from several disorders
All known disorders usually fit into a diagnostic categoryMajor grouping
INFLUENCES OF RECEIVING A DSM ‘LABEL’NEGATIVE POSITIVE
Reduce sense of responsibility
Affects how other ppl treat or think about them
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Links ppl to resources
live a better life
Not the only one suffering
Can treat it
ANXIETY DISORDERS•Conditions in which fear, caution, worry,nervousnessbecomes very intense and long-lasting
Most common type of mental disorders Life consumed by inappropriate fears Difficulty forming stable & satisfying relationships
Self-defeating & ineffective prob. solving
Expressed in constant worrying, mood swings, physical symptoms (sweating, headaches, etc)
Avoid dealing w/ probs. Sense of personal inadequacy
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDERFree floating anxiety
Can’t explainShakiness, fidgeting, inability to relax
Can’t deal w/ relationships & responsibilities b/c preoccupied w/ worry
PHOBIC DISORDERS Severe anxiety is focused Specific phobias – narrow focus on 1 thing
Social phobias – fear of embarrassment/ judgment in a social settingEating in public, mtg. strangers, etc.
AgoraphobiaExtreme fear of going into a public place
PANIC DISORDER Sudden episodes of panic attacks Panic
overwhelming feeling of helplessness, terror, doom
Symptoms sense of smothering, chocking, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pains, nausea, pounding of heart, fear of losing control
constant fear of having a panic attack
OCD Obsession – nagging, intrusive thoughts
Compulsion – repetitive behavior(s) or rituals to deal w/ obsessive thoughts
Why dev? Serve as distractions from real fears
ppl w/ OCD realize thoughts/actions are irrational but feel helpless to stop it
Trichtolillomania
SOMATOFORM DISORDERSReal or imagined physical symptoms no physical cause
Cause rooted in psych. probs
CONVERSION DISORDER REAL change or loss of a physical function
emotional difficulties voluntary body function speech, movement, feeling/sensation, sight
Calmness & lack of concern
HYPOCHONDRIASIS Person whose in good health becomes preoccupied w/ imaginary ailments
Excessive concern that physical complaints are signs of an underlying serious illness; look for signs
Look for ‘signs’; misinterpret minor probs
Cont. to believe a disease/malfunction exists even when medical exams are always negative!
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Alterations or loss in memory, identity, or consciousness
Separate themselves from stressful events by selectively forgetting them
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER2 or more distinct identities exist w/in the same person (original ‘shatters’)Each has memories, & own patterns of thinking & behaving
Each has characteristicsof original identity
Result of individual’s effort to escape from a part of the self or reality usually suffered from severe abuse
Secret ‘self’ emerges in form of separate identity(s)Don’t know about each other
Women average 15; men average 8
SCHIZOPHRENIASevere & chronic disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, & behavior
Psychotic disorder confuses reality vs. fantasy (?)Hallucinations & delusions
Exhibit bizarre behavior, incoherent speech, & illogical thinking
mental processes aren’t integrated Ex. thoughts & feelings
1/100 people in worldNo ‘cure’… but effective treatments
50% do not respond to treatmentTends to dev. in adolescence or early adulthood
Causes: genetic tendencies; biochemical imbalances in the brain (esp. dopamine); abnormal structure & function of the brain (pruning?); stressful life experiences
SYMPTOMS1) Abnormal perceptions
HallucinationsDetachment
outside looking in @ environsEmotional expressions are exaggerated or inappropriate
2) Disorganized thoughts absence of logical connections btw thoughts
Inappropriate or chaotic associations‘word salad’ – very chaotic patterns
Dear Sirs: Pertaining to our continuing failure to prosecute violations of minor’s rights to sovereign equality which are occurring in gestations being compromised by the ingestation of controlled substances… the skewing of androgyny which continues in female juveniles even after separation from their mother’s has occurred, and as a means of promulflagitating my paying Governor Hickel of Alaska fro my employees to have persona services endorsements and controlled substance endorsements, … the Iraqi oil being released by the United Nations being identified as Kurdistanian oil, and the July 1991 issue of the Siberian Review spells Eltsin’s name without a letter y.
3) Disturbed thoughtsPersecution
someone/thing plotting against them
Grandeur inflated worth or power
Thought broadcasting thoughts can be heard by others
Thought stealing or insertion others are preventing or ‘stealing’ their thoughts; other ppl’s thoughts are appearing in their mind
SUBTYPES Disorganized –confused behavior, incoherent speech, vivid/frequent hallucinations, delusionsNonsensical talk, inappropriate behavior, neglect hygiene, probs. Relating to others
Paranoid – characterized by delusional thinking & frequent auditory hallucinations Most common subtypeGrandeur, persecution, jealousy
Catatonic – bizarre mvmt, posture, or facial expressionsMotionless or hold unusual, fixed postures for extended periods of time
don’t respond to environ. during ‘episodes’ (mute)
PERSONALITY DISORDERSLife-long patterns that are disturbing/
unsatisfying
Self-defeating personality patternsMaladaptive or inflexible ways to dealing w/ others & environs
SYMPTOMS1) unable to est. & keep meaningful relationships
2) unable to assume social responsibilities
3) unable to adapt to social environ.
ANXIOUS-FEARFULDEPENDENT
Helplessness; can’t make own decisions
Excessive need to be taken care of Submissive & clingy behavior
AVOIDANTavoid all social interaction for fear of being ridiculed, humiliated, or disliked; feel sense of alienation; oversensitive to criticism
DRAMATIC-ERRATICHISTRIONIC
Excessively displays emotion & seeks attn.
NARCISSISTICArrogantly overestimate abilities & achievements; entitled to special treatment
BORDERLINELack of stability in relationships; self-esteem; emotional outburst; impulsive; suicidal threats; fear of abandonment; most common
ANTI-SOCIAL Most serious when it comes to public safety
Persistent disregard for & violation of other’s rights
People & objects = tools for gratification
Impulsive; no shame, guilt, anxiety, or remorse
Get away w/destructive behavior; arrogant ‘con’
Well-liked, intelligent, entertaining, manipulative, fake emotions
Genetics & lack of/inconsistent discipline
ODD-ECCENTRIC SCHIZOID
No interest in being social; emot. ‘cold’ PARANOID
Distrusts others; everyone has evil motives
SCHIZOTYPAL Feels intense discomfort in relationships; delusions, ‘magical’ behavior/thinking… odd & disorganized thinking patterns Wants to be social!
MOOD DISORDERS Severe or persistent disturbances of mood
limit ability to function effectively & interact w/ others
helplessness to change it
BIPOLAR DISORDERS alternate btw moods of mania & depression
Excessive/inappropriate happy or unhappy period of ‘normalcy’ in btw (?)
Manic episode Euphoria, confusion, distracted, racing thoughts, exaggerated self-esteem & invulnerability, high E, restlessnessReckless behavior, talkative, flight of ideas, delusions, risky behavior
Depressive episode feelings of failure, worthlessness, hopelessness, paranoia, sinfulness, & despair
3% of U.S. adults
Genetics (?)
DEPRESSION Adjustment Disorder Child SAD Post-partum
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER Persistent period of downcast mood
Symptoms – inability to concentrate, changes in sleep /appetite, lethargy, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, loss of interest in pleasure activities, apathy, suicidal thoughts, inability to adjust, internalizing failures, anxiety
Most common mood disorder 10% – 25% of women5% – 12% of men
Completed suicide occurs w/ 15% of ppl w/ severe MDD
2/3 episodes end w/ complete recovery
Silent suffering!
SUICIDENOT A DISORDER! Not all people who commit suicide are depressed
Why?Escape from painend the torment of unacceptable feelings
punish themselves or others
Agemost common w/ older adults & teens3rd leading cause of death for ppl 15-24
Threats & attempts are seriousdon’t want to die90% have a psych.
disorder70% that succeedhave threatened w/in last
3 mnths
SELF-INJURYNOT A DISORDER!regulate strong emotions (baseline)
distraction Compensate for lack of control
express things that can’t be put into words
Manipulate other ppl Delusion (prevent something worse from happening)
History of abusetending to wounds = care & soothing never learned how to in a direct way
EATING DISORDERSUnhealthy eating patterns
Preoccupation w/ body-image (distorted)
depression, anxiety, mood swings, irritability
ANOREXIA NERVOSASelf-starvation refuse to maintain a healthy body weight
intense fear of gaining weightUnrealistic perception of the shape/size of body
Serious medical complications
Problems w/ restrain & control
BULIMIA NERVOSAEpisodes of binge eating are followed by purging the food from the bodyPrivate: Vomit, laxative, exercise, dieting, fasting
keep healthybody weight
Obsessed w/ weight; constant self-evaluation;
distorted body image
PICApersistent & compulsive cravings to eat nonfood items.
Feces, dirt, soap, cigarettes, paper, cotton
Most common in childhood (20%-30%)pregnant women
nutritional deficiencies; neglect; food deprivation; dev. disabilities