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Rapid Prototyping of Cutting-EdgeMeteorological Technology:
The ATEC 4DWX System
James F. BowersU.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground
Dugway, Utah 84022-5000
Scott P. Swerdlin and Thomas T. WarnerNational Center for Atmospheric Research
Boulder, CO 80301
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Agenda
• 4DWX System Overview• 4DWX Forecast and Analysis Modeling
Systems• Coupled Model Applications• Rapid Prototype Cycle• Near-Term Enhancements• Summary
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4DWX SystemOverview
• System Objective: Provide next-generation meteorological support toArmy RDT&E
• Development Approach: Transitionresearch-grade technology to operationaluse through collaboration betweenoperational users and researchscientists/systems engineers
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4DWX SystemOverview
• Major 4DWX Components:– High-resolution meteorological models– Data archival and retrieval system– Data and model-output displays (including
web-based)– Coupled range applications models
(sound, dispersion, etc.)– Automated thunderstorm forecast system
(0-60 min)
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Currently deployed4DWX systems
Ft Greeley, AK
Operational4DWX sites
RTTC
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4DWX Forecast andAnalysis Modeling Systems
• Real-Time Four-Dimensional DataAssimilation (RT-FDDA)
• Global Meteorology on Demand(GMOD)
• Variational Doppler Radar AnalysisSystem (VDRAS)
• Variational Lidar Assimilation System(VLAS)
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RT-FDDA Overview
• Based on Penn State/NCAR full-physics MM5mesoscale meteorological model
• High resolution (1 to 3 km horizontal gridspacing) achieved through nestedcomputational domains
• Analyses (“observation nudging”) of manytypes of meteorological observations and 48-hour forecasts updated every 3 hours
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RT-FDDA: examplemodel setup at Dugway
Domain 3 topography
Domain 3 snow cover Domain 3 land use
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Sample RTFDDA Output
Salt breeze atDPG
Velocity vectors
and
Temperature
(1500 LT)
Salt flat
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Sample RT-FDDA output
Velocity vectors
and
Vertical motionblue = downwardpink = upward
DPG Forecast
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GMOD Overview
• Globally relocatable and reconfigurable by non-expert meteorologists
• Provides RT-FDDA forecast and analysiscapabilities anywhere in the world
• Provides back-up when a range system fails• Examples of applications
– Missile launches in Hawaii– DTRA/DHS dispersion experiment in Oklahoma City– DARPA dispersion experiment in Washington DC
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Doppler radar-basedVDRAS
NEXRAD
Doppler radars andlidars compute radialvelocity andreflectivity. But formany applications,need full 3-D windfield
Radial winds
Radial windsDesired 3-D winds
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VDRAS Overview
• Derives 3D wind fields from Doppler radar clear-air returns
• Uses Doppler radar radial velocities andreflectivities plus other available meteorologicalobservations as input
• Four-dimensional variational (4DVAR)methodology fits a physics-based model to atime-series of observations
• Model extrapolated forward in time to produce ashort-term (~30-min) forecast
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Iteration 2
Iteration 1
4D-VariationalData Assimilation
Iteration n
••
• •
°Time
Atm
osph
eric
Stat
e
Firstguess° •Observation Model Trajectory
Fit model to observations over a time window to minimizethe difference between model trajectory and observations
XPresent time
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VDRAS winds for Washington D.C. area
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VLAS: VDRAS algorithmadapted to Doppler lidar
CTI Doppler lidar
Radial velocity field with VLAS wind vectors:70 m horizontal resolution in 7x7 km area
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Coupled ModelApplications
• RT-FDDA, VDRAS, or VLAS analysesor forecasts used as meteorologicalinputs to other models
• Example application: soundpropagation at Aberdeen Test Center(ATC), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
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Sound propagationprediction at ATC
Impacted residentialareas
Explosives testing causesneighborhood disturbances duringperiods of high sound propagation
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Solution: extract 1-Dsynthetic soundings from
RT-FDDA forecasts
1-DSound model
Forecast ofsound
intensitySoundings extracted from RT-FDDA forecasts,
coupled to sound model provides soundpropagation forecast
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4DWX coupled-app guides test planning
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Rapid Prototype Cycle
• 4DWX enhancements constrained by– Hardware requirements (>100 processors
per range) for 24/7 operational systems– Dependence on external data sources,
which may fail– Variations in user requirements across
ranges– Information security requirements
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Rapid Prototype Cycle
• Development approach– Extensive user involvement in defining requirements
and setting development priorities– Parallel tests of new products for 3-6 months before
transition to operational systems– Standardization of system hardware, software, and
data acquisition systems– Ongoing, iterative development to consider new user
requirements and/or take advantage of recentadvances in meteorology or computer technology
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Near-Term Enhancements
• Transition from MM5 to next-generationWeather Research and Forecast (WRF)model
• Dynamic Integrated Forecast (DiCast)forecast system for 15-day pointconsensus forecasts (specific locations)from multiple weather models
• Operational ensemble mesoscaleforecasts
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Summary
• 4DWX provides Army test ranges withunique operational meteorological supportcapabilities
• Rapid transition of research-gradetechnology achieved by– Close, ongoing collaboration between
developer and user– Ongoing, iterative development– Parallel tests of prototype and current systems
before operational implementation