Random Fact of the DayRandom Fact of the Day The 2008 presidential candidates, John The 2008 presidential candidates, John

McCain and Barack Obama, were the only McCain and Barack Obama, were the only two presidential candidates to be born two presidential candidates to be born outside of the continental U.S. Obama was outside of the continental U.S. Obama was born in born in Hawaii, and McCain was born in , and McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone, a U.S. naval the Panama Canal Zone, a U.S. naval base base

Chapter 7, Section 3Chapter 7, Section 3Making Foreign PolicyMaking Foreign Policy

Main IdeaMain Idea

In attempting to achieve the nation’s In attempting to achieve the nation’s foreign policy goals, both the president foreign policy goals, both the president and Congress have important roles to and Congress have important roles to play. play.

I. I. The President and Foreign PolicyThe President and Foreign Policy

A.A. Foreign policy is the nation’s overall plan Foreign policy is the nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations. for dealing with other nations.

4 Goals:4 Goals:

1.1. National Security-National Security- the ability to the ability to keep the country safe from keep the country safe from

attack attack or harm. or harm.

2.2. International Trade.International Trade. Create markets for Create markets for American products and American products and create jobs for U.S. create jobs for U.S. workers.workers.

3.3. Promoting world peacePromoting world peace.. Even distant wars can Even distant wars can disrupt trade and disrupt trade and endanger U.S. national endanger U.S. national security.security.

4.4. Promote democracy and human rights Promote democracy and human rights for the world. for the world.

B.B. The executive branch includes a large The executive branch includes a large foreign policy bureaucracy. Including the foreign policy bureaucracy. Including the State Department, Department of Defense, State Department, Department of Defense, CIA, and National Security Council. CIA, and National Security Council.

C.C. The president and Congress share power The president and Congress share power to conduct foreign affairs. to conduct foreign affairs.

1.1. The president is chief diplomat and The president is chief diplomat and commander in chief. commander in chief.

2.2. Congress has the power to declare Congress has the power to declare war, prohibit certain military actions, war, prohibit certain military actions,

and and spend or withhold money for defense.spend or withhold money for defense.

***The Constitution does not make clear ***The Constitution does not make clear how the branches can use their power. how the branches can use their power. As a result, the branches compete for As a result, the branches compete for control of foreign policy.***control of foreign policy.***

Tools of Foreign PolicyTools of Foreign Policy

1)1) TreatiesTreaties-- Formal agreements between the Formal agreements between the governments of two or more countries. governments of two or more countries.

***The Senate must approve a treaty by ***The Senate must approve a treaty by two-thirds vote. President can make an two-thirds vote. President can make an executive agreement with a leader from executive agreement with a leader from another country without Senate another country without Senate approval. (2/3 rds majority)***approval. (2/3 rds majority)***

2. 2. AmbassadorAmbassador-- official official representative of a representative of a country’s government. country’s government. ***President appoints ***President appoints Ambassadors, with Ambassadors, with Senate approval***.Senate approval***.

3.3. U.S. gives U.S. gives foreign aidforeign aid in in the form of money, food, the form of money, food, military asst, and other military asst, and other supplies. supplies.

4.4. International Trade:International Trade: The president makes The president makes agreements with other countries about trade. agreements with other countries about trade.

aa.. Trade SanctionsTrade Sanctions-- efforts to punish efforts to punish another another country country

bb.. EmbargoEmbargo-- agreement among nations that agreement among nations that prohibits all from trading with one target nation. prohibits all from trading with one target nation.

D.D. Congress takes the lead in imposing tariffs Congress takes the lead in imposing tariffs on imported goods. One such trade group on imported goods. One such trade group is NAFTA (North American Free Trade is NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). Agreement).

5.5. Military Force:Military Force: Presidents may use Presidents may use military to carry out some foreign policy military to carry out some foreign policy decisions. decisions. ***They can employ troops, ***They can employ troops, launch missile attacks. This tool must be launch missile attacks. This tool must be used with care!*** used with care!***

Mini Quiz!!!Mini Quiz!!! Alterbridge- Open Your Eyes Alterbridge- Open Your Eyes

1. A formal agreement between two 1. A formal agreement between two countries?countries?

2. What are trade sanctions? 2. What are trade sanctions?

3. The ability to protect the country from 3. The ability to protect the country from harm?harm?

4. What are some things the U.S. does for 4. What are some things the U.S. does for other countries in regard to foreign aid?other countries in regard to foreign aid?

5. What is NAFTA?5. What is NAFTA?