rainwater harvesting- the barefoot college experience
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
1/44
44
RAI NWATER HARVESTI NGThe Barefoot College Experience
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
2/44
1
RAI N WATER HARVESTI NG
Why ? 3
When ? 10
How & Where ? 13
INTHEDESERTS 16
INTHEMOUNTAI NS 30
Has i t been done ? 36
Lessons Learnt ! 41
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
3/44
2
Wait ing for t he Monsoon .
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
4/44
3
RAINWATER HARVESTING
WHY ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
5/44
4
Because water should never be wasted and allowed to flow out of any village or community
facing a drinking water shortage.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
6/44
5
Because it costs less to collect rainwater than to exploit groundwater.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
Drilling Rig for installing a hand pump.
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
7/44
6
Because collecting rainwater is the only way of recharging water sources and revitalising dry
open wells and dry hand pumps.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
8/44
7
Because it gives an opport uni t y for communit ies to come together and work closer. I t allows for
the decentralised control and community management of water.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
Traditional open wells are communicat ion channels in the village. With handpumps these gossip sessions are lost.
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
9/44
8
Because traditional knowledge, skills and materials can be used to collect the water and no
government technical assistance is required for repair and maintenance.
Barefoot Architects preparing to construct a rain water harvesting tank.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
10/44
9
Because it will provide productive employment to the rural poor in their own villages.
Barefoot Architects digging an underground tank in a primary school in Bhogadeet, a rocky area. Note traditional waterproofing
techniques using lime, jaggery, gravel and methi dana or fenugreek seed.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Why ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
11/44
10
RAINWATER HARVESTING
WHEN ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
12/44
11
Rain water harvesting measures are essential when the ground water is brackish or has a high
Iron or Flouride content.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ When ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
13/44
12
Rain water harvesting measures should begin four months before the monsoon is to arrive.
A view of the Barefoot College from atop a nearby rock outcrop.These two photographs show what the land looks like before and after the monsoon.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ When ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
14/44
13
RAINWATER HARVESTING
WHERE & HOW ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
15/44
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
16/44
15
How do underground tanks fi ll up ?
1. Rain water collects on rooft ops.
2. This water i s guided int o overflow pipes.
3. These pipes connect to an underground tank.
3. Once the tank is full , t he water can be accessed through simple means li ke a bucket or by
installing a handpump.
1 2 3 4
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & How ?
6
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
17/44
16
I NTHEDESERT
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
18/44
17
Rainwater can be collected from the roofs of remote rural primary schools in underground tanks
constructed by barefoot architects at a nominal cost with no repair or maintenance required.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
Name of village MALION KI DHANINumber of chi ldren in school 87
Topography Rocky areaVolume of the tank in feet 20 x 8 x 8
Capaci ty 32,000 Li t resCommunity Contribut ion $ 50
Labour $ 180Mat eri al $ 460
Tot al Cost $ 640
Number who contributed labour 7Number of days contributed 6
Handpump for accessing water.
Pipes from the roof top
leading to the underground tank.
Overflow Pipes
allowing precious
water to go waste.
8
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
19/44
18
All t ank water is t reated wit h Chlorine. Since the water is used constant ly t here is li t tl e fear of contamination or fungus. All t anks are fit tedwith handpumps. This helps to save water from being wasted.
Labour CostsI n areas where the soil is rocky the cost works out t o $ 0.03 / li t reI n areas where the soil is hard the cost works out t o $ 0.025/ li t reIn areas of sandy soil the cost falls even lower
Before: rain water would drain away from roof t opsand be wasted.
A tank being dug by barefoot archit ects with pipes connectedto the rooftop.
The school with an undergroundwater tank. Access by handpump.
When the harvested water is finished, tanks are refi ll ed by mobil e tankers @ $ 0.20/ li t re.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
19
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
20/44
19
Rainwater MUST be collected in areas where the groundwater is brackish (salty) or where the
water is not potable because of too much iron or flouride.
Name of vill age DUKHION KI DHANI , Distri ct AjmerNumber of children in school 79Topography Sandy area
The nearest sweet water source Tyond 1 kmVolume of the tank in feet 20 x 8 x 8
Capacity 35,000 Lit resCommunity Contribution $ 40
Labour $ 190Mater ial $ 400
Total Cost $ 630 ($.02/li tre)
Number who contributed labour 10Number of days contributed 3
Before: rain water would drain away fromroof tops and be lost into the soil.
A tank being dug by barefoot architects with pipesconnected to the rooftop.
Tanks have ventilation built into the designto allow fresh air to circulate therebypreventing the water fom smelling due topossible stagnation.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
20R i W H i Wh h ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
21/44
20
Rainwater can be collected in artificial tanks within villages. The water collected provides for
cattle. It serves to recharge the groundwater and revitalise open wells and dry hand pumps.
Nadisare open ponds that act as catchment areas for recharging ground water as well as providing water for cattle and irrigation.These natural formati ons are deepened and t heir capacit ies increased to coll ect more rain water.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
21R i W t H t i Wh & h ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
22/44
21
Natural open ponds can be deepened to collect more rainwater. This water usually lasts for
4 - 6 months after the monsoon.
Name MURDI NADI
Populati on 3000Location Vil lage BEETI , Dist rict Ajmer
Soil Dug Out 47,848 cu. ftCapacit y increased by 1,311,000 Lit res
Communit y Contri bution $ 72Number of people Employed 88 (83 Women, 5 Men) for 33 days
Number of Vil lages served 3Number of Catt le served 6000
Number of open wells recharged 7
Number of months water wi ll last after monsoon 5
Before being deepened. The digging in progress. After the Monsoon.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
22R i W t H t i Wh & h ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
23/44
22
Rain water collected in a Nadi. The water from the open well serves two purposes. 1. For drinking / 2. For recharge
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
Open well.40 feet deep / 20 feet wide.
23R i W t H t i Wh & h ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
24/44
23
Name PATPARI A NADI
Population 5,000Locati on Vil lage GODI ANA, Dist rict Ajmer
Soil Dug Out 26,810 cu. ftCapacit y increased by 7,34,500 Lit res
Communit y Contribution $ 39Labour Employed 55 (40 Women, 15 Men) for 29 days
Number of Vil lages served 4Number of Catt le served 10,000
Number of open wells recharged 5
Number of months water wil l last after monsoon 4
Before being deepened. Barefoot Architects deepening a Nadi. After the Monsoon.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
24Rain Water Har est ing Where & ho ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
25/44
24
Rainwater can be diverted and collected in large open wells. Millions of litres of water can
percolate into the ground, rather than evaporating and going waste.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
25Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
26/44
25
1. Channels and gull ies are created to direct excess rain water int o open well s.
2. The water collects in t he well .
3. This water t hen percolates int o the ground.
4. Within a week 3,00,000 li t res of water percolates 100 ft below ground level t o recharge the
ground water table.
1 2 3 4
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
26Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
27/44
26
Women barefoot archit ects digging an open well for ground water recharge.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
27Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
28/44
27
The water from this well will serve to recharge the dry handpumps in the village.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
Water from the roof t op of this primaryschool is directed into this newlyconstructed open well.
28Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
29/44
28
An open well. Water is saved from evaporat ion, cont aminat ion and arbit rary use by keeping it covered with thorny twigs and branches.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
29Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
30/44
29
A Bauri, or traditional step-well over a 100 years old in Rajasthan.
Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE DESERT
30Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
31/44
30Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ?
I NTHEMOUNTAI NS: Sikkim
I NTHEMOUNTAI NS: Sikkim
31Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
32/44
31
Rainwater can be collected on the hilltops in mountainous regions. This will prevent it from
flowing into the valley below.
Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
The current technical solution is to pump water back up from the valley to the hilltops. This is then distributed through pipelines to
remote villages. This is wasteful and unreliable.
32Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
33/44
32
A water t ank built over a 100 years ago in Sikkim to allow water to percolate into the ground to revitalise springs
Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
33Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
34/44
33
Outline indicates sit e ident ifiedfor the Rain Water Harvesting Tank.
Rain Water Harvesting Tank being const ructed as part of the Barefoot College Training Campus, Sikkim.
Underground tanks can be built to store rain water by carving into the hillside.
Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
34Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
35/44
34
Rain Water Harvesting Tank in Sikkim Campus: Cost Breakdown
I tem Quantity Cost in Dollars
Cement 330 bags 1150Sand 17 lorries 350
Iron Rods 2659 kgs 1003Bamboo 41 pieces 12
Wood beam 129 cu.ft 176Small stones 1,930 cu.ft 195
Plast ic 6 kgs 6Nails 5 kgs 3
Wire for Binding 10 kgs 6
Water Transport 130Wood Transport 10
Cement Transport 6Loading / Unloading 20Sales Tax 105
Total Material cost 3172Total labour Cost 2175
Total 5347Total Capacity 160,000 litres
Cost per lit re $ 0.034
Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
35Rain Water Harvest ing ~ Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
36/44
35
Out line indicating t he rain water storage tank
beneath the training centre. Note traditional
building materials being used in conjunction
with modern.
The Training Centre is built on the rain water harvesting tank. Capacity : 160,000 litres
Rain Water Harvest ing Where & how ? I N THE MOUNTAI NS
Outline indicating the
Space occupied by the
rural electronic
workshop.
36
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
37/44
36
RAINWATER HARVESTING
HAS THIS BEEN DONE ?
37Has thi s been done ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
38/44
37
From 1988 to 2001 barefoot archi tects const ructed rainwater harvest ing st ructures in over 200
rural pri mary schools collect ing 19 mi ll ion l i t res annually. Cost : US$ 0.50 cents/ li t re.
38Has thi s been done ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
39/44
38
Millions of litres have percolated into the ground by directing surface water into open wells
recharging them and revitalising dry hand pumps.
39Has thi s been done ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
40/44
39
In the drought prone areas of Sikkim in the Himalayas 160,000 litres rainwater harvesting
structure has made the Training Centre for barefoot solar engineers self sufficient in water.
40Has thi s been done ?
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
41/44
4
All the rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed by barefoot architects using
traditional knowledge, skills and raw materials.
41
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
42/44
4
RAINWATER HARVESTING
LESSONS LEARNT
42Lessons Learnt
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
43/44
4
Rain water can be collected where it falls. In schools and within the village, to revitalize open
wells and handpumps at a marginal cost.
The community has the competence and technical capability to construct their own water
harvesting tanks without any expertise from outside.
This is the only long term solution to drought proofing villages against water scarcity.
The community has management and control over the water not the government.
The const ructi on of rain water harvest ing st ructures is understood by all communi t ies and can
be replicated everywhere in the world where there is an acute drinking water shortage.
43The End
-
8/3/2019 Rainwater Harvesting- The Barefoot College Experience
44/44
43