rainscapes/green stormwater infastructure...engineer supports the wise and efficient use of the...
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Rainscapes/Green Stormwater
Infastructure
Holistic Home Design for Water Harvesting and
Conservation
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Howdy From Menard
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Earth Ship – Taos, New Mexico
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Roof-Reliant Landscaping™Rainwater Harvesting with Cistern Systems in New Mexico
\
New Mexico Office of the State Engineer
1-800-WATER-NM • www.ose.state.nm.us
©2009 New Mexico Office of the State Engineer
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The New Mexico Office of the State Engineer supports the wise and efficient use of the state’s water resources and, therefore, encourages the harvesting and use of rainwater from residential and commercial roof surfaces for on-site landscape irrigation and other on-site domestic uses.
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New Mexico
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•Plan your landscape
•Do The Extra –“Earth Matters”
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Peeling back the pavementA Blueprint for Reinventing Rainwater Management
in Canada’s Communities
POLIS ProjectEcological Governance
U n i v e r s i t y o f V i c t o r i aLaw Centre Environmental UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
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Three design principles are crucial for moving from a stormwater paradigm to a rainwater paradigm in our urban communities:
•1. Reduce the amount of impermeable surfaces by changing the way we build and retrofit our communities
•2. Use rain as a resource and as a
viable decentralized source of water for non-potable needs
•3. Integrate decision making on a
watershed scale – We all live in a watershed
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“The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased and not impaired in value.” Teddy Roosevelt
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Thomas Jefferson’sRWH at Monticello
4- 3,830 gallon cisterns
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The Bullitt Foundation’s Bullitt Center…. including net zero energy, waste and water
……. a - 56,000-gallon basement cistern.
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•"There is not going to be enough water in the future,"
•The solution? Build thousands of reservoirs in the basements (incorporated in the design) of buildings, sufficient to hold water to meet the needs of the current and future residents of a city
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Abilene Christian UniversityMcDaniel Lab Landscaping in February 2015
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Traditional vs ACU Ag & Environmental Science Dept. Landscaping
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Rainwater Harvesting
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No Gutters – No Problems
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Keyhole Garden
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Land Ethic
“That land is a community is the basic concept of ecology, but that land is to be loved and respected is an extension of ethics.” – Aldo Leopold
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The Cheapest Water You Will Ever Have Is
The Water You Already Have!
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Water is life•Two methods to sustain water supply:
•Increase Supply•Reduce Demand
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Nature’s First Rain Catchers
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Perennial Native Grasses
Annual
Grasses
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Big Bluestem, Indian grass and Compass Plant
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Compass Plant and Missouri Goldenrod
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Indian grass rootsSwitchgrass
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Forbs -Antelopehorn(Trailing Milkweed)
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Make water take the L o n g W a y to the river
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Make water take the L o n g W a y to the river
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Tucson Like You Expect
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Tucson ten years later
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Rain Gardens and Pocket Prairies
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46
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Soil Storage Infiltration Systems:Vegetated Infiltration Strip
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Soil Storage Infiltration Systems:Vegetated Infiltration Strip
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Pocket Prairie
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1000 gallon tank
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Current Water Supply Paradigm
Municipal, Well or Other Supply Line represents an
unlimited supply of Potable water for all end uses.
Building/Site
all end uses treated
equally
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New Water Supply Paradigm.
• Non-Potable (Rainwater) Supply line for non-potable uses, represents a finite amount.
Municipal Potable
supply line for specific
uses
Building/Site
Requiring Water
Supply
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Three approaches to rainwater/stormwatermanagement
Cistern managed
for water supply
Cistern managed
for stormwater control
AND
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Cistern managed for BOTH water supply
and managed for stormwater control or fire protection
For Supply orFire Protection
For StormwaterOr Supply
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How Big Does The Roof Need To Be?
5’ diameterPi times radius squared3.14 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 20 square feet20 x .6 = 12 gallons per 1” rain4” = Full Tank
20 inches = Filled 5 times/yr
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Filled 10 Times!
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15 Times - Rain Saucers
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Texas AgriLife Extension Service Rainwater Harvesting CalculatorTo use the calculator fill in all highlighted input values.
Input ValuesCatchment area (ft2): 150
Collection efficiency (%): 95Initial tank volume (gal): 0
Tank size (gal): 300Plant water use coeff: 1
Irrigated area (ft2): 100Monthly indoor demand (gal): 0
Avg. monthly rainfall (in) Avg. PET (in) AC Condensate (gal)January: 3 1.79 0
February: 3.1 2.12 0March: 2.4 3.3 0
April: 0.6 4.49 0May: 0.2 4.73 0June: 0.1 5.03 0July: 0 5.4 0
August: 0.1 5.38 0
September: 0.3 3.94 0
October: 0.4 3.4 0
November: 1.1 2.42 0
December: 1.8 2.22 0Total: 13.1 44.22 0
Yearly Percent Average Rainfall (%)Year 1: 100%
Year 2: 100%
Year 3: 100%
0
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400
Jan
uar
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Feb
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Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Har
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Rai
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(gal
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Tank Volume and Supplemental Water Needs for 3 years
Tank VolumeSupplemental Water
http://rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu
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Rain Intensity
Plumbing Code on intensity Affects gutter size
Affects downspout size
Affects conveyance size
Quillayute Wa. – 101.7” annually // max - 1”/hr
New Orleans – 64”/yr 4.5”/hr or 0.047 g/m/ft2
El Paso – 9”/yr 2.0”/hr or 0.021 g/m/ft2
98
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Rain Intensity –Texas – 2-4.5”/Hour
4.2” per hour
0.044 Gallons per minute per square foot
2000 sq’ x 0.044 = 88 gallons/minute
Affects:Gutter size,
Number and size of downspouts
Size of conveyance piping
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• Rain intensity – 4.2”/hour or 0.044 g/m/sq’
• Roof area – 2,000 square feet
• 2,000 x 0.044 = 88 g/m
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Sizing Gutters
1/16” slope/ft. and 4” per hour
4” gutter – 360 sq’
5” gutter – 625 sq’
6” gutter – 960 sq’
For 1,000 square foot roof
Need 2 - 5”downspouts
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Vertical Piping/Downspouts
• 2” – 23 gpm 1,088 sq’ roof
• 3” – 67 gpm 3,220 sq’ roof
• 4” – 144 gpm 6,920 sq’ roof
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Conveyance Piping Sizing: Horizontal Pipe
Size of Pipe
1/8”/ft. slopegpm
1”/hr 2”/hr 3”/hr 4”/hr 6”/hr
3” 34 3288 1644 1096 822 5484 78 7520 3760 2506 1880 12535 139 13360 6680 4453 3340 22276 222 21400 10700 7133 5350 35668 478 46000 23000 15330 11500 7670
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Dry Line vs. Wet Line
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Dry Line vs. Wet Line
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Dry Line vs. Wet Line
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Heart of the System
Gutters and downspout systems leading to the cistern fitted with debris extruder or equivalent device.
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108
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109
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Drip Irrigation
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This Will Not WorkSprinklers
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Types of Drip Irrigation
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Green Houses
Water Features
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Our Home and Barn5000 sq. foot of roof (1700 square feet inside)
5000 x .6 gallons/foot = 3,000 gallons of water per 1” rain
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Urban Pocket Garden?
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Landscaping for Rainwater Capture
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Water UsageInside and Outside
•19 gallons per person inside the home
•1,140 gallons per month
•13,870 / 3,000 = 4.62” per year
•Use for May – September (5 months) 44 gallons/day 44x30=1320 g./month
•1320 x 5 = 6,600 gallons
•6,600 + 13,870 = 20,470
•20,470 / 3,000 = 6.82 inches per year
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Santa Fe County Ordinance
Laws & Regulations Santa Fe County, New Mexico, was the first municipality in the United States to create an ordinance requiring any new structure, 2500 heated s.f. or more, to have a rain harvesting system. This ordinance applies to both commercial and residential projects, with commercial projects requiring a higher percentage of total capture as well as larger storage reservoirs.
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Urban Water Budget – Pavement and Rooftop Scenario
ROOFTOP RUNOFF!!
GROUNDWATER??
EVAPORATEDWATER
INFILTRATION??
SURFACE RUNOFF!!
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Urban Water Budget – Rainwater Harvesting Scenario
ROOFTOP RUNOFF!!
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143
Resources
• ARCSA website www.arcsa.org
• Texas A&M University http://rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu
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Thank You - Billy Kniffen