The railway industry is expected as an important

concept in all over the world.

Nowadays there is a high demand for this industry.

Railway road infrastructure and its ability to provide

timely and efficient service is very important

There are traditional as well as modern construction

methods available.

The truck on a railway is the structure consisting of rails, fasteners, sleepers and slab track plus underlying sub grade is considered as a traditional method.

Enables train to move by providing a dependable surface for their wheel to roll.

Those days coal was used as

the fuel which was comparably cheaper than latest fuels.

Those traditional trains had the steam engine, that is operated by burning the coal.

But steam engine is less effective compare to current sophisticated engines.

Advantages

low capital cost

easily be erected.

Need no more heavy technology

Disadvantages

Heavy demand for maintenance.

Restore the disired track geometry

Smoothing of vehicle running.

Weakness of the sub grade and drainage deficiencies lead to heavy maintenance cost.

one of the cheapest and efficient transporting system both

within the urban areas and rural areas.

new technologies have made the construction process

easier and less time consuming.

In American method rails, track panels and sleepers are

first assembled in the base yard.

In tube railways underground railways are generally

provided at a depth of more than 25 m.

The main reason for taking the railway so deep into the

ground is to avoid it interfering with the water supply

mains, sewerage system, telephone lines, gas lines, etc.

Only electric traction is used for transportation trains

Surface railways are the cheapest and most widely

used.

In such a system, the track is laid on a ground that

has a suitable embankment or cutting, depending

upon the geography of the area.

Metropolitan railways use electric traction because

of the following advantages.

(a) Electric traction does not pollute the environment.

(b) The acceleration and deceleration of trains is faster.

(c) Electric traction ensures the availability of power for

improved and modern signaling.

In underground railway system the railway line is constructed

below the ground level.

The construction work is done mostly by the ‘cut and cover

method’.

An underground railway system normally uses ‘electric traction’.

Advantages of underground railway system are as follows.

(a) Trains can run fast and undisturbed as there are no road crossings or

other similar problems.

(b) Deal with a very high attentiveness of human traffic.

(c) There is no wastage of land.

The underground railway system is a very costly arrangement

Elevated railways is provided at an elevation above the ground level.

The track is laid on a deck, which is supported by steel or RCC columns.

The main advantage of elevated railways is that they do not require any

separate land.

Disadvantage is the cost of constructing such a

railway is very high.

The monorail is a form of elevated railway that is

provided with only one rail on which trains run.

The monorail system is recommended only in

exceptional cases where operating the conventional

systems is difficult

Cost allocation for most of the component may

comparatively expensive

There is high infrastructure and maintenance cost

In Sri Lanka, construction of railways are not happening

frequently

Maintenance is common

The cost is not only includes construction cost

Cost for the designing, for the land, regulatory costs, etc.

also includes with the rate

Rails are manufacturing as

45ft units

Cost estimation was

prepared for construction

of 45ft railway.

Rate breakdown was

prepared under;

Material

Labour

Plant & Equipment

Colombo – Matara Track

Colombo- Badulla Track

Colombo – Jaffna Track

Colombo – Batticaloa Track

Colombo – Trincomalee Track

Colombo – Avissawella Track

Control Range

Southern Coastal Line –

Colombo to Galle

Ragama Line – Colombo to

Negambo

Polgahawela Main line –

Colombo to Polgahawela

Located in Maradana

24hour x 7 service

Control System is

centralized

Station master can observe

the railway traffic for

there

Very useful in dey to day

operations

Each station has a local

control panel

It indicates the control

and signals of its limit

Track between two stations

divided into blocks.

Discharging a relay the

identification signal is

generated

SIGNAL 01

SIGNAL 02 SIGNAL 03

Automatic Signal System

Tablet System

Traffic Control at Stations

Railway Switches

Use of railways gives huge economic, social and environmental

benefits and savings

Most of the work related to Sri

Lankan Railway service is done

Manually

Passengers are not satisfied with the

service and they are compelled to

travel by roads which result in congestion during peak hours

Existing railway is not upgraded to its required standards to fulfill

existing demand

Utilization of new Technology

Replacement of the existing container-type

wagons with Improved high-speed wagons

Opting for Electric Locomotives

Railway Track Electrification

Incorporation of Information

Technology

Introducing Automatic Signals instead of

traditional system

Other Recommendations

Construction of new railway lines

Minimization of vacant time of railway lines

Efficient utilization of resources

Reorganization of administration

Minimization of vacant

time of railway lines

Minimization of the

transport of vacant

carriage boxes

Railway engineering is a multi-

faceted engineering

currently undergoing modernization.

New technologies developed in railway track

construction, signaling system, control systems.

Efficient engines and compartments were

introduced in recent years.

Efficient engines and compartments were introduced in recent years.