rails in the cloud - experiences from running on ec2
DESCRIPTION
Overview of architectures in EC2 and services like EBS, ELB, RDS, and ElasticIPs. How to get your app on EC2. Configuration and deployment with Chef. Presented by Jonathan Weiss at RailsWayCon 2010 in BerlinTRANSCRIPT
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Rails in the Cloud Lessons learned from building a platform on EC2
Jonathan Weiss 01.06.2010
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Who am I?
Working for Peritor in Berlin, Germany
Written, maintain, or involved in
Webistrano
Capistrano
SimplyStored
Happening
The great fire of London
http://github.com/jweiss
@jweiss
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Scalarium
EC2 Cluster Management
Auto-Config
Self-Healing
Auto-Scaling
One-click-deployment
www.scalarium.com
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Virtual Server via API call
Pay per hour
Different instance types in different regions
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EC2 Features
Spot instances
Elastic IP
Elastic Load Balancing
CloudWatch
Auto Scaling
Virtual Private Cloud
Elastic Block Storage
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Running on EC2 Setting up a Rails app
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Running on EC2
Steps to complete
Choose region and availability zone
Define architecture
Choose instance types and AMI
Boot & configure instances
Deploy application
…
Profit
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Region and Availability Zone
Regions Individual EC2 installations
Multiple datacenters a.k.a availability zones
Small differences in pricing
US-east gets features first
Availability Zone
Datacenter of instances & volumes
Differently named for different accounts
Traffic within the same zone is free
Different Instance type availability
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Existing Availability Zones
US-EAST-1
us-east-1a
us-east-1b
us-east-1c
us-east-1d
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US-WEST-1
us-west-1a
us-west-1b
EU-WEST-1
eu-west-1a
eu-west-1b
AP-SOUTHEAST-1
ap-southeast-1a
ap-southeast-1b
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Single AZ Deployment
Most common and simple setup
Not very different from typical Rails setup
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Multi AZ Deployment
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Architecture
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Architecture
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Architecture
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Elastic IP
Static, public IP in contrast to instance IP
Associate to any instance (2-5min)
Paying when not in use
Use for DNS of load balancer
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Elastic Block Store EBS
Network based block device: 1GB – 1TB
Persistent & redundant
Can be used by one instance at a time
Incremental Snapshots
RAID for better performance
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Elastic Load Balancer ELB
Managed Load Balancer
Auto-Scales via Round Robin DNS
Can start/stop instances
Slower and not as flexible as instance + HAProxy
The only way to scale past 1 Gbit/s!
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Relational Data Store RDS
Managed MySQL instance
Choose instance size,
pay ~ 30% premium
Hot-Failover replication available
Define a 4h maintenance window
Better performance than single EBS-
backed instance
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Instance Types
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RAM Cores x ECU Arch Hourly Cost (US-East)
Monthly Cost (US-East)
Standard
Small 1.7 GB 1 x 1 32bit $0.085 $62
Large 7.5 GB 2 x 2 64bit $0.34 $248
Extra Large 15 GB 4 x 2 64bit $0.68 $496
High-Memory
Extra Large 17.1 GB 2 x 3.25 64bit $0.50 $366
Double Extra Large 34.2 GB 4 x 3.25 64bit $1.20 $878
Quadruple Extra Large 68.4 GB 8 x 3.25 64bit $2.40 $1756
High-CPU
Medium 1.7 GB 2 x 2.5 32bit $0.17 $124
Extra Large 7 GB 8 x 2.5 64bit $0.68 $496
1 ECU = 1.0 – 1.2 GHz Opteron/Xeon from 2007
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Recommendation
Start with Small for load balancer
Medium for App server
Large for DB server
Grow to
XL-HighCPU for load balancer
XL-HighCPU for App server
XL-HighMemory for DB server
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Reserved Instances
Pay amount upfront and you get:
Hourly price ~ 33%
Guaranteed availability
24/7 instance cost: ~ 55%
Recommended!
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Running on EC2
Steps to complete
Choose region and availability zone
Define architecture
Choose instance types
Boot & configure instances
Deploy application
…
Profit
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Instance Configuration From blank Linux to your Rails app server
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Instance Bootstrap
Images
One image for every server type
All software pre-installed
Few moving parts
Fast boot
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Scripted
One image to rule them all
Smallest common denominator
Acquires configuration on start
Installs & configures during boot process to fit role
All parts moving
Slower boot
2 Approaches
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Instance Bootstrap
Images
One image for every server type
All software pre-installed
Few moving parts
Fast boot
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Scripted
One image to rule them all
Smallest common denominator
Acquires configuration on start
Installs & configures during boot process to fit role
All parts moving
Slow boot
2 Approaches
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Chef
Open Source Provisioning Tool
Configures your servers
Cookbooks & recipes
Ruby DSL
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Chef
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Chef Solo
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MemcachedSolo
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Chef Solo Run
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Configuration JSON
Run Chef Solo
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Deploying
Deploy resource Compatible with Capistrano layout
Supports Capistrano hooks via deploy/hook_name.rb
Async!
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Chef Experiences
Great so far, but
Not idempotent
Unintuitive 2 phases
Documentation could be better
Example Cookbooks often so so
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Running on EC2
Steps to complete
Choose region and availability zone
Define architecture
Choose instance types
Boot & configure instances
Deploy application
…
Profit
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