rail freight transport
TRANSCRIPT
Rail Freight Transport
FROM SMALL WAGONS TO MODERN MARVELS………..
Headings To Look At:• HISTORY OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT;
• ABOUT RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN WORLD;
• LATEST STATISTICS;
• MODERNITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS;
• CASE STUDY;
• ???????
Where it started?• 1776-development of Steam Engine
• 1807-construction of Cumberland Road
• 1825-completion of Eric Canal
• Mid 18th development of Conestoga wagon
• 1856-development of Pipeline
• 1869s-massive Railroad System in Utah
• 1887-formation of Interstate Commerce
Commission Act
• 19th-development due to construction of
Highways
• 1970-flowering Truck transport
• 1996-concept of containerization &
intermodal Transport
• 1996-air freight
Transportation History!• Horse drawn wagons.
• Railways.
• Flatboats or Rafts.
• Trucks
• Steamboats.
• Cargo Ships.
• Airlines.
• 1829: testing of Sturbridge lion
• 1830:14miles B & O were opened
• Oct 1830: first successful locomotive with 7 ton weight was
shipped to Charleston
• 1850-Fedral Grant of land for Railroads from Illinois to Albama
• 1869s-massive Railroad System in Utah
• 1887-formation of Interstate Commerce Commission Act
• 1996-concept of containerization & intermodal Transport
Rail Freight Transportation History!
• 1825- The Pennsylvania Society for promotion of internal improvements in CWG intended construction of Inland navigation System focused on railroads.
• 1828- construction of Baltimore & Ohio Railways
Regional Difference
North America
Unified standard gauge rail connecting CAN, MEX, & US
Jenney Couplers & Air Brakes
1980s Staggers Rail Act
Diesel locomotives & Electrified northeast corridor
Eurasia
4 major interconnecting rail networks
Major lines are electrified
China has an extensive Standard gauge network
IND & PAK operate extensive broad gauge network
Development of containerization
Continue….. Regional Difference
Oceania
large rail network, mostly meter gauge, with some broad gauge.
Chile and Argentina have Indian gauge networks in the south and meter gauge networks in the north.
Africa
The railways of Africa were mostly started by colonial powers to bring inland resources to port.
A 3 ft. 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge network with Jenney couplers serves southern Africa.
East Africa uses meter gauge.
North Africa uses standard gauge, but potential connection the European standard gauge network is blocked by the Arab-Israeli conflict.
South America
Rail developed independently in different parts of Australia and, as a result, three major rail gauges are in use. A standard gauge Trans-Australian Railway spans the continent.
Continue….. Regional Difference
Network GT-Kms Countries
North America 2853 US, Canada, Mexico
China 2451 ----
Russia 2351 CIS+Finland, Mongolia
India 607 Includes Pakistan
European Union 391 27 member Countries
Brazil 269 Includes Bolivia
South Africa 115 Includes Zimbabwe
Australia 64 -----
Japan 20 -----
Rail Freight Transport Statistics
Some Modern developments Containerization
Double stack containerization
Bulk Cargo
Rolling highways and piggy back service
Special cargo
Electrification of rail services
Containerization
System of intermodal freight transport
Intermodal containers
Standardized dimensions
They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another
Five common standard lengths: 20 ft (6.10 m), 40 ft (12.19 m), 45 ft (13.72 m), 48 ft (14.63 m), and 53 ft (16.15 m). US domestic standard containers are generally 48 ft (14.63 m) and 53 ft (16.15 m) (rail and truck)
Container capacity is often expressed in Twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu)
Double stack containerization
Double-stack rail transport is a form of intermodal freight transport
Intermodal containers are stacked two high on railroad cars.
Introduced in North America in 1984, double stack has become
increasingly common there, being used for nearly 70% of United States
intermodal shipments
Using double stack technology, a freight train of a given length can carry
roughly twice as many containers, sharply reducing costs per container
Bulk Cargo
Bulk cargo is commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities
It refers to material in either liquid or granular, particulate form, as a mass of relatively small solids, such as petroleum/crude oil, grain, coal, or gravel.
Bulk cargo is classified as liquid or dry
These cargo are usually dropped or poured, with a spout or shovel bucket, as a liquid or solid, into a railroad car. Liquids, such as petroleum and chemicals, and compressed gases are carried by rail in tank cars..
Rolling highways and piggy back service
In some countries rolling highway, or rolling road, trains are used
Trucks can drive straight onto the train and drive off again when the end destination is reached
A system like this is used on the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, as well as on the Konkan Railway in India
Special cargo
Several types of cargo are not suited for containerization or bulk
These are transported in special cars custom designed for the cargo.
Goods that require certain temperatures during transportation can be transported in refrigerator cars (or reefers - US) or refrigerated vans, but refrigerated containers are becoming more dominant.
Extra heavy and oversized loads are carried in Schnabel cars
Center beam flat cars are used to carry lumber and other building supplies.
Steel plates are transported in modified gondolas called coil cars
Electrification of rail services
Experiments with electrical railways were started by Robert Davidson in 1838
He completed a battery-powered carriage capable of 6.4 km/h (4 mph).
The first conventional completely electrified railway mainline was the 106 km Valtellina line in Italy that was opened on 4 September 1902.
At first, all electric railways used direct current but, in 1904, the Stubaital Line in Austria opened with alternating current
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