rahinah ibrahim stanford university architect craig long kansas university engineer jorge fuentes...
TRANSCRIPT
RAHINAH IBRAHIMStanford UniversityArchitect
CRAIG LONGKansas UniversityEngineer
JORGE FUENTESStanford UniversityConstruction Manager
ROXANNE ZOLINStanford University
Owner
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, USA
Precipitation:Temperatures:
Seismic Zones Map Wind Speed Zones Map
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- Site Location Plan
REDESIGN
REDESIGN: AEC 1
Gym
Cafe
Perspective View
•Nominal cost for construction•Makes building very compact•Maintain no view for 4 nos Faculty rooms
REDESIGN: AEC 2
Improving Indoor Quality•Increase Faculty rooms from 16 to 20.•Provide views to all Faculty rooms.•Faculty Lounge has view of river.
Improving Outdoor Quality•Additional landscape-integrated steps•Café on top of 2F floor slab protected from afternoon sun
Gym
Cafe
Perspective View
Auditorium Span
Pratt-Type Truss
• Openings for hallways and circulation
• Satisfies the architectural constraints
REDESIGN: AEC 2
Structural Framing
Original Framing
•Complex Geometry
•Difficult Connections
•High Fabrication cost
REDESIGN: AEC 2
Structural Framing
New Framing
•Simplified Geometry
•Simpler Connections
•Standardized Fabrication
$avings
REDESIGN: AEC 2
Redesign Alternatives Schedule Comparisons
Redesign Estimates
4278235
185250
4278235
159109
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
Alternative 1 ($4.46M) Alternative 2 ($4.44M)
(in 2001 $US)
Changes
Original Cost
General & Redesign Constructibility Issues & Alternatives
Limited access to site due to levy
Floodplain- best solution is to elevate structure
SQUARE BASE
TEAM DESIGN APPROACH
C- Build an Offshore Oil Rig
E- Design a Bridge
A- Design A Highrise
Building on piers to minimize hydraulic impact
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: Concept
ROTATING SQUARES- for floor expansion
GOLDEN SECTION-for vertical expansion
SQUARE BASE DESIGN
SECTION
VIEW FROM BUILDING
SQUARE BASE DESIGN
1ST FLOOR PLAN
3RD FLOOR PLAN
2ND FLOOR PLAN
Administration
Faculty/Student Offices
Classrooms/Lab
Terrace
Restroom
Circulation
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 1
•Live Loads Terrace, Interior Atrium – 100 psf Corridors, Computer Lab – 100 psf Auditorium, Classrooms & Offices – 50 psf Roof – 20 psf
•Dead Loads Cast-in-Place Concrete – 150 lb/ft3
Steel Construction – 60 psf Flooring, ceiling, lights – 15 psf HVAC – 5 psf Partitions – 20 psf Exterior Cladding – 30 psf
Structural Constraints – Gravity Loads
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 1
• Seismic Constraints Moderate seismic activity; Zone 3
Occupancy category, I = 1.0
Sandy soil with subsurface rock
• Wind Constraints Design wind speed, V45 = 90 mph
Structural Constraints – Lateral Loads
•Structural Piers
•Lower Level Structure
•Foundation Concerns
•COST
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 1
Impact of elevated structure
•Water corrosion
•Soil difficulty
•Additional lateral load
Flooded structure made complicated by...
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 2
Structural system that defies gravity
Structural Concept Due to Rotating Concept
Slender Roof Framing
Traditional Framing System
“Table Top” Stable Platform
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 2
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 3
King-Post Truss
•Post Tension Concrete Beam 24” x 30”
•5000 psi Concrete
•Steel Tension Cords
Difficult Detailing
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 3
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 4
North – South Truss
•Cantilever Gravity Resisting System
•Cantilever Lateral Resisting System
East - West Truss
•Decorative Element
•Completes the Square
External trusses to perform aesthetically and structurally
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 5
Flexible open plan design
1ST FLOOR PLAN 3RD FLOOR PLAN 2ND FLOOR PLAN
Core Placement Study
Two-Joists with Elevated Floor
•Space for Building Services
•Required Additional Columns
Two-Way Slab System
Waffle Slab
•Column Free Environment
•More Complicated HVAC Routing
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 5
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 6
Freeflowing interior spaces
Open Plan Structural Solutions
Option 2
•Steel/Concrete Composite System
•Shear Wall Service Core
Option 1
•Cast-in-Place Concrete Frame
•Shear Wall Service Core
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 6
Structural Option 1
2nd Floor Plan
Column 1’x1’
Beam 12”x24”
3rd Floor Plan
Two-Way Slab
6”x6” Tube Brace
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 6
Structural Option 2
3rd Floor Plan
Joist W16x26
W8x24
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 6
Roof Plan
¾” Dia. Cable
16” Open-Web Joist
Foundation System
Drilled Pier
2’-6” Diameter / 30’ Depth
Drilled Pier Array
1-6” Diameter typical
CIP Transition Piece to Shear Wall
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: AEC 6
Foundation Isometric
SQUARE BASE DESIGN- AEC 7
SECTION
Administration
Faculty/Student Offices
Classrooms/Lab
Terrace
Restroom
CirculationPreliminary Core Plan
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: CM
CM ( slide)Comparison of Estimates (Totals, structural costs and
elevating elements costs- piers and floor + lift)Schedule length comparison (including phase milestones)Critical Construction IssuesConstruction alternativesConcrete vs Concrete/Steel CompositeEstimate and schedule
SQUARE BASE DESIGN: CM
CM ( slide)Comparison of Estimates (Totals, structural costs and
elevating elements costs- piers and floor + lift)Schedule length comparison (including phase milestones)Critical Construction IssuesConstruction alternativesConcrete vs Concrete/Steel CompositeEstimate and schedule
Square Alternatives Schedule Comparisons
Square Alternatives Cost Breakdown
85474
687439
288361
85474
607950
217721
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
Concrete Alternative ($3.70M) Steel/Concrete Alternative ($3.62M)
(in 2001 $US)
ElevatingStructureLandscaping
Electrical
Mechanical
Conveying
Int. Const.
Roofing
Exterior Closure
OtherSuperstructureSubstructures
Site Work
Square Design Constructibility Issues & Alternatives
Long span members
Constructing 1st level- before or after 2nd level
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- Concept
GOLDEN SECTION- for floor expansion- for vertical expansion
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- Plans
Administration
Faculty/Student Offices
Classrooms/Lab
Terrace
Restroom
Circulation
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- Section & Elevation
Lobby Atrium
Exposed Corridor
Balconies
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN: AEC 1
More columns for structural stability
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- AEC 2
Core Placement Study
Fulfilling fire egress requirements
•Minimum distance between exits is 80ft.•Minimum egress width is 5’-6”.•Minimum 20ft atrium opening.•Minimum 3 exits at 2nd Floor, others 2 nos.•Sprinklered egress on all floors.
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN- AEC 2
Core Placement Study
Fulfilling fire egress requirements
•Minimum distance between exits is 80ft.•Minimum egress width is 5’-6”.•Minimum 20ft atrium opening.•Minimum 3 exits at 2nd Floor, others 2 nos.•Sprinklered egress on all floors.
Structural Options 1
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN: AEC 2
Laterally Braced Frame
•4.5” Steel-Concrete Slab
•Columns W18x40 typ
External Bracing Conflicts
with Architect’s Vision
Composite Column Below Waterline
Structural Options 2
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN: AEC 2
Cast-in-Place Frame
•10” Shear Wall
•12” x 12” Columns Typ.
Complex Framing Requirements
Conflict with CM Budget
10” Inclined Slab in Auditorium
Structural Options 3
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN: AEC 2
Composite Steel-Concrete
•SMRF at Exterior Frame
•Bracing Auditorium Framing
Double Square Alternatives Schedule Comparisons
Double Square Alternatives Cost Breakdown
66018
911701
167660
66018
753171
337352
74869
1029200
193608
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
Concrete MRF Alternative ($3.83M)
All Steel Braced Frame Alternative($3.84M)
Steel MRF w/ Concrete CoreAlternative ($3.98M)
(in 2001 $US)
ElevatingStructureLandscaping
Electrical
Mechanical
Conveying
Int. Const.
Roofing
Exterior Closure
OtherSuperstructureSubstructures
Site Work
Double Square Contractibility Issues & Alternatives
Complex structure- more uncertainty, more riskHeight limit- 20’ on equipment
Comparison of Estimates to Budget
3892500
5500000
4463485
6306787
4437344
6269851
3703077
5232350
3624245
5120964
3826177
5406288
3837246
5421929
3977216
5619702
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
BUDGET Redesign 1 Redesign 2 Square 1 Square 2 DoubleSquare 1
DoubleSquare 2
DoubleSquare 3
2001 Cost ($US)
2015 [email protected]% ($US)
Site Layouts
accessaccess
TC
TC trailers
trailers
Mat’l laydown
Mat’l laydown
20’ Clearance
EQUIPMENT SELECTION
Construction Trade-off Analysis
Adv Disadv
Redesign Traditional const built on floodplainexpensive
Square Base Long-span beams
Double Square Complex-more uncertainty
DECISION MATRIX
SQUARE BASE DESIGN•Strong concept and good interior plan.•The structural system is integral in the building aesthetic.•Looks complicated but can be build with current equipment and tools.
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN•Weaker concept with too much columns going to the ground.•Structural analysis is complicated and time consuming.•More foundation works and complex auditorium construction
DOUBLE SQUARE DESIGN•Most inhibited rooms have good external view.•Has more columns to pass building loads to the ground.•Has bigger staging area to work with.
SQUARE BASE DESIGN•Requires effort to work around the fire requirements.•Long huge spans to support building loads.•Requires precise sequencing of tasks during construction.
REDESIGNNeed to have less angular smaller rooms.•Auditorium causes less flexible 3rd Floor layout.•Most expensive among these three options.
REDESIGN•Better quality learning and working spaces.•Less complicated to framing system.•Conventional construction method.
PROS CONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
We are recommending the Square Base Design for further development:
A- The quality of space and the overall design is good while building is able to satisfy all technical requirements.
E- The structural system is simple yet elegant and plays an integral part of the design.
C- Even though it looked complicated, it is actually cheaper and simpler to build.
TEAM DYNAMICS
C- Build an Offshore Oil Rig
E- Design a Bridge
A- Design A Highrise2. SHIFT IN DESIGN APPROACH
1. DUAL BACKGROUND PROFESSIONALSArchitect is also Construction ManagerEngineer is also ArchitectConstruction Manager is also Engineer
3. HAVING GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OWNER
VALUABLE LESSONS
So far, we have learned:
A- It is better to start collaborating earlier in design.
E- Solutions only work through communication
C- Time management is very crucial.
Thank you
In Spring 2001:
A- Use IT tools more efficiently.
E- Be more assertive in communicating structural necessities
C- Managing time and scheduling teamwork.