radon experiences in workplaces in spain
TRANSCRIPT
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RADON EXPERIENCES IN WORKPLACES IN SPAIN
Carlos Sainz Fernández University of Cantabria
RADON GROUP UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA
LARUC
IV ERA Radon workshop “Occupational exposure to
radon"
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INDEX
Introduction
National legislation
Experiences in workplaces
Conclussions
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SPAIN
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Final step in EURATOM Directive 96 integration in Spanish Law
TITULO VII: Occupational exposure to natural sources of radiation
Not applied for radon exposure in dwellings
Competent authority is not clearly stablished
2001
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Definition of the competent authority & Owner responsibility
MANDATORY control of exposure to natural sources of radiation
Not applied for radon exposure in dwellings
2010
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From Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN)
Setting of radiological criteria for intervention in workplaces with exposure to natural sources of radiation:
-Effective doses (without radon)
-RADON CONCENTRATION (annual average)
< 600 Bq m-3 No control needed 600 – 1000 Bq m-3 LOW control level
> 1000 Bq m-3 HIGH control level
Workplaces with high permanence of public Action level: 300 Bq m-3
2011
Guías Seguridad CSN 11.01 11.02
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From Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) 2011
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•UNTIL NOW, AROUND 12000 INDOOR RADON MEASUREMENTS ARE
AVAILABLE
THE MAP HAVE BEEN MADE IN 2 STAGES:
•1ST PHASE: 2009-2012
•2ND PHASE 2013-2014
SPANISH RADON MAP
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METHODS
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2 tipos de sistemas de medida de radón (según tiempo de integración) - Continuo (min-horas) - Integradores (dias-meses)
Continuo
Valores puntuales Medidas rápidas Correlaciones con parámetros ambientales (medidas remedio)
Integrador
Valores medios Medidas lentas Barato, planificación
Complementarios
HOW?
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RadonScout (SARAD)
- Rango de medida: 10 Bq/m³...2 MBq/m³ - Resolución. 100 keV por canal -Eficiencia de detección: 2 cts/(min*kBq/m³) -Periodo de integración 1-3 h -Rango ambiental de funcionamiento: Temperatura: -10°C - +50°C; -Humedad relativa: 0% - 98 % (non condensing) - Autonomia: 3 meses
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RadonScout (SARAD) Inicio medida
Selección puerto
Descarga
Estado Bateria
Borrado
Bloqueo interruptor
Intervalo integración
Sincronizació
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RadonScout (SARAD)
Descarga datos
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RadonScout (SARAD) Descarga datos
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DETECTORES PASIVOS: CR – 39
-Detector de trazas. -Recipiente: 55 mm x 35 mm. -Tiempo de exposición: 3-6 meses. -Revelado químico en RadoBath. -Medida con RadoMeter 2000.
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Imágenes obtenidas por microscopía de Fuerza Atómica de un CR-39
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Único laboratorio español validado por la PHE (Public Health England, United Kingdom)
para la realización de medidas de gas radón empleando detectores pasivos
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RADON CHAMBER
Wide range of radon exposures Low leakage ( < 0,01 h-1)
Continuous/integrated system calibration Traceable to international standards
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EXPERIENCES
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HIGHSPEED TRAIN TUNNEL
CONSTRUCTION
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Agressive environment
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Forced ventilation swich-on everyday 1 hour before
beginning the work
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INTEGRATED MEASUREMENTS
Annual average below 600 Bq m-3 Æ OPTIMIZATION
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THERMAL SPA
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Eagle-eye view of the facility
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MAIN OBJECTIVES:
.- STUDY THE NATURAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE Las Caldas ACUIFER FOR A LONG
TIME PERIOD
.- TO APPLY THE KNWOLEDGE FOR ACTIVE FAULTS LOCATED IN THE
COUNTRY
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High humidity environment
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Agressive environment
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Rn in water, 9 month period
Mixing of water, ocassional flood
08/03
/2012
22/03
/2012
05/04
/2012
19/04
/2012
03/05
/2012
17/05
/2012
31/05
/2012
14/06
/2012
28/06
/2012
12/07
/2012
26/07
/2012
09/08
/2012
23/08
/2012
17/12
/2012
31/12
/2012
200
400
600
800 GEO-RTM 2100ra
don
(Bq/
l)
Date
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Observation of water procedence/mixing
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Modelización
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Resultado
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Indoor radon
Annual average around 3500 Bq m-3 (Point nearby the well)
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Tourist Caves
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Andrew J. Kowalczk , Philip N. Froelich, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2010
¿“normal”?
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… not always…
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… since more tan 30 years ago…
Annual average around 4000 Bq m-3
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sep-14 oct-14 nov-14 dic-14 ene-15 feb-15 HALL 364 1014 3693 4768 5174 4686
PASILLO 512 1466 4283 4764 5089 4795 POLICROMOS 685 1393 3563 5051 5222 4809
2º RAMAL 808 1417 4395 4927 5056 4779 HOYA 1339 2433 4361 4807 4730 4948 POZO 1393 2303 5156 5821 5649 5204
EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATED MEASUREMENTS
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SEPTIEMBRE 2013 OCTUBRE 2013 NOVIEMBRE 2013
DICIEMBRE 2013 ENERO 2014 FEBRERO 2014
MARZO 2014 ABRIL 2014 MAYO 2014
SEPTIEMBRE 2014 OCTUBRE 2014 NOVIEMBRE 2014
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LOW/VERY LOW PARTICLE CONCENTRATION ( Z < 4000 cm-3)
fp ~ 400/Z
HIGH/VERY HIGH UNNATTACHED FRACTION
HIGHER DOSES FOR SAME EXPOSURE THAN OTHER INDOOR PLACES
around 4000 Bq m-3… inside a cave!
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High control level
Reduce radon?
Regulation
WORKING TIME-BASED
RADIATION PROTECTION SYSTEM (50 h/y)
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
LOT OF WORK TO DO…
BIG NUMBER OF WORKPLACES NEED TO BE CHARACTERIZED
SPECIFIC EXPOSURE CONDITIONS FOR EVERY TYPE OF ACTIVITY
MORE COMPLETE LEGISLATION IS WELCOME
COMPETENCE/QUALITY ASSURANCE
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www.elradon.com
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!