radiography of eye
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Radiography of eyeTRANSCRIPT
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RADIOGRAPHY OF EYE
BY RAVI JAICHANDRADIOGRAPHERINDIA
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EYE
ORGAN OF VISION
LATIN -OCULUS
GREEK-OPHTHALMUS
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ANATOMY
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• INDICATION
LOCALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODY
•ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES USED ULTRASOUND AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
MRI SHOULD NEVER BE USED
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OBSOLETE METHODS VOGT METHOD
SWEET METHOD
PFEIFFER COMBERG METHOD
PARALLAX MOTION METHOD
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• IMAGE QUALITY IS OF SUPREME IMPORTANCE FOR
DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF MINUTE FOREIGN PARTICLES.
•TO IMPROVE IMAGE QUALITY REDUCE GEOMETRIC UN SHARPNESS
USE CLOSE OID
USE SMALL FOCAL SPOT
USE STANDARD FFD
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IMAGE QUALITY • MINIMIZE SECONDARY RADIATION (USE CLOSE
COLLIMATION)
• USE IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES TO IMMOBILIZE HEAD.HAVE THE PATIENT GAZE STEADILY AT A FIXED OBJECT SO AS TO IMMOBILIZE EYEBALLS.
IMAGE RECEPTORS MUST BE VERY CLEAR AS
ANY ARTIFACT CAN SIMULATE FOREIGN BODY
(CAN HAVE RESERVE IMAGE RECEPTOR FOR EYE STUDIES ONLY)
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BASIC PROJECTIONS
• LATERAL PROJECTION
• PA AXIAL PROJECTION
• PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION (MODIFIED WATER’S VIEW)
IF A FOREIGN BODY IS SUSPECTED, THEN A SECOND PROJECTION MAY BE UNDERTAKEN, WITH THE EYES IN A DIFFERENT POSITION TO DIFFERENTIATE THIS FROM AN IMAGE ARTIFACT. THE INITIAL EXPOSURE COULD BE TAKEN WITH THE EYES POINTING UP AND THE SECOND WITH THE EYES POINTING DOWN.
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LATERAL PROJECTION
RIGHT OR LEFT
USE NON GRID TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE MAGNIFICATION AND ARTIFACTS FROM RADIOGRAPHIC TABLE AND GRID
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LATERAL PROJECTIONSEMIPRONE OR ERECT
Mid sagittal plane of the patient parallel to
the image receptor
Affected eye adjacent tocenter of image receptor
Inter pupillary line perpendicular to the
image receptor
Exposure made in suspended respiration
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LATERAL PROJECTION CENTRAL RAY
PERPENDICULAR THROUGH THE OUTER
CATHUS
INSTRUCT THE PATIENT TO
LOOK STRAIGHT
AHEAD DURING
EXPOSURE
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LATERAL PROJECTION EVALUATION CRITERIA
CLOSE BEAM RESTRICTION
SUPERIMPOSITION OF ORBITAL ROOF
OPTIMUM DENSITY AND CONTRAST FOT
VISUALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODY
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PA AXIAL PROJECTION
USE NON GRID TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE MAGNIFICATION AND ARTIFACTS FROM RADIOGRAPHIC TABLE AND GRID
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PA AXIAL PROJECTIONPATIENT POSITIONINGEXPOSURE MADE IN SUSPENDED RESPIRATION
PATIENT’S HEAD REST OVER THE
IMAGE RECEPTOR
RADIOGRAPHIC BASE LINE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE IMAGE RECEPTOR
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PA AXIAL PROJECTION CENTRAL RAY
INSTRUCT THE PATIENT TO CLOSE EYES
&CONCENTRATE HOLDING THEM
STRAIGHT
THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE ORBITS WITH 30 DEGREE CAUDAL
ANGULATION, PROJECT THE
PETROUS PORTION OF THE TEMPORAL
BONE BELOW INFERIOR MARGIN
OF ORBITS
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EVALUATION CRITERIA
NO ROTATION OF THE CRANIUM
PETROUS PYRAMIDS LYING BELOW ORBITAL SHADOW
BEAM RESTRICTION CENTRED TO ORBITAL MARGINS
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PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTIONMODIFIED WATER’S VIEW
THE PETROUS MARGINS ARE DISPLACED BY PART ADJUSTMENT RATHER THAN BY CENTRAL RAY ANGULATION
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PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTIONPATIENT POSITIONINGEXPOSURE MADE IN SUSPENDED RESPIRATION REST
PATIENT’S CHIN ON IMAGE
RECEPTOR HOLDER
MID SAGGITAL PLANE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE PLANE
OF IMAGE RECEPTOR
ADJUST THE FLEXION OF THE HEAD SO THAT THE
RADIOGRAPHIC BASE LINE FORMS AN ANGLE OF 50 DEGREES WITH THE IMAGE RECEPTOR
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PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION CENTRAL RAY
PERPENDICULAR THROUGH THE MID ORBITS
INSTRUCT THE PATIENT TO CLOSE EYES AND CONCENTRATE ON HOLDING THEM
STRAIGHT
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EVALUATION CRITERIA
NO ROTATION OF THE CRANIUM
PETROUS PYRAMIDS LYING BELOW ORBITAL SHADOW
BEAM RESTRICTION CENTRED TO ORBITAL MARGINS
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REFERENCES
• MERRILL'S ATLAS OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONS AND RADIOLOGIC PROCEDURES. ED 10,VOLUME 2, AUTHORS PHILIP W. BALLINGER ,EUGENE D. FRANK
• CLARK’S POSITIONING IN RADIOGRAPHY,12TH EDITION, AUTHORS A. STEWART WHITLEY CHARLES SLOANE GR AHAM HOADLEY ADRIAN D. MOORE CHRISSIE W.ALSOP