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POTRAZ RA/2009/1)

POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF

ZIMBABWE

(POTRAZ)

RADIOCOMMUNICATION AMATEUR SERVICE CONDITIONS

INTRODUCTORY NOTE:

These "Conditions" derive their authority from the Postal and Telecommunications Act (chapter

12:05) of 2000, and the Telecommunications Statutory Instruments. Nothing in these "Conditions"

shall be construed as exempting a licensed Amateur or other person from compliance with the

provisions of the Act and the Statutory Instruments.

INDEX OF SECTIONS

SECTION I : DEFINITIONS

SECTION II : CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES

(Applications, Qualifications and Examinations)

SECTION III : EXAMINATION SYLLABUSES

SECTION IV : STATION LICENCES AND GENERAL

LICENSING CONDITIONS

SECTION V : OPERATING PROCEDURES

SECTION VI : FREQUENCIES AND EQUIPMENT

SECTION VII : EMERGENCY SERVICE

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SECTION I

DEFINITIONS

A glossary of definitions and technical terms in explanation of words and terms appearing in the

text of these Conditions and additional definitions and technical terms which may prove useful in

the administration of the Amateur Service is attached as Appendix A to these Conditions.

SECTION II

CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES

(APPLICATIONS, QUALIFICATIONS, EXAMINATIONS)

PART I : CERTIFICATES

1. The following Amateur Radio Certificates may be issued by the Posts and

Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ):-

1.1 Operator's Certificate of Competency:-

1.1.1 Novice Class;

1.1.2 Full;

1.2 Certificates of Proficiency:-

1.2.1 Novice Class requirement;

1.2.2 Full Licence requirement;

1.3 Examination Certificates:-

1.3.1 Novice Class examination;

1.3.2 Full examination;

1.3.3 Certificate in lieu of examination.

PART II : QUALIFICATIONS

1. An Amateur Radio Operator's Certificate of Competency shall be issued only to a person

who:-

1.1 holds an Amateur Radio Examination Certificate issued by POTRAZ; or

1.2 satisfies POTRAZ that the applicant possesses qualifications or knowledge and

experience equivalent to that required for the possession of such certificate; and

1.3 produces, to the satisfaction of POTRAZ, two recent references as to the

character of the applicant, from two Zimbabwe citizens of standing; and

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1.4 the applicant has sufficient knowledge of the technique of lining up and working radio

transmitters, with special reference to the maintenance of correct frequency and avoidance

of harmful interference; and

1.5 has sufficient knowledge of the working procedures to enable the applicant to comply

with the provisions of these by-laws and the International Radio Regulations.

2. Each application for an Amateur Radio Operator's Certificate of Competency shall be

accompanied by two un-mounted photographs of recent date and approximately seventy-

five millimetres by fifty millimetres in dimension showing the head and shoulders of the

applicant.

3. A licence to establish and work an Amateur Station shall be issued only:-

3.1 to a person who possesses an Amateur Radio Operator's Certificate of Competency;

and

3.2 subject to type approval of the equipment and a satisfactory inspection of the station

installation before it is brought into use.

3.3 a fee as prescribed by the POTRAZ for a station inspection is payable in advance to

POTRAZ

4. A licence for an Amateur Station shall not be issued to an association, company,

Corporation, educational institution or any other body of persons corporate or

unincorporated; Provided that in the case of a bona fide Radio Society such a licence may be

issued to a member of such Society who holds a licence to work an Amateur Station.

PART III : APPLICATIONS

1. Applications for any certificate or for a licence to establish and work an Amateur Station shall

be made on the form provided by POTRAZ. The appropriate form will be supplied, on request,

by POTRAZ

2. The applicant for an Amateur Station Licence shall supply the following particulars:-

2.1 Name in full;

2.2 ID (National or other)

2.3 Postal Address;

2.4 Telephone Numbers - (1) Business, (2) Private;

2.5 E-mail address (optional)

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2.6 Address at which the station is to be established and worked;

2.7 Particulars of the Amateur Radio Operator's Certificate of Competency held by the

applicant, viz. Certificate number and Date issued;

2.8 Description of transmitting apparatus which shall include:-

2.8.1 Make, type and serial number of the transmitter(s).

2.8.2 Circuit diagram(s).

2.8.3 Power output at the transmitter antenna terminal expressed in Peak Envelope

Power (pep) or Mean Power (pm) for constant carrier emission.

2.8.4 Frequency bands in which operation is proposed.

2.8.5 Means whereby frequency selection and control is achieved.

2.8.6 Type(s) of modulation.

2.8.7 Type and height of antenna.

2.9 Description of receiving apparatus;

2.10 An outline of the nature and object of the activities it is proposed to pursue if a

licence is issued.

3. An applicant for an Amateur Station licence shall:-

3.1 Complete, in the presence of an Officer of POTRAZ a Declaration of Secrecy

in the following form:-

I (Applicants name in full) do solemnly declare that if any radiocommunication which I am

not entitled to receive is unintentionally received through my operation of the Amateur

Station for which I am applying for a licence I will not make known or allow to be known

its contents, its origin, its destination, its existence or the fact of its receipt to any person

except an official of POTRAZ or a competent legal tribunal and will not retain any copy or

make any use of such message or allow it to be reproduced in writing, copied or made use

of.

(Signature) (Signature)

OF OFFICER OF POTRAZ OF APPLICANT

DATE STAMP

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3.2 Sign an undertaking to comply with the Act, the Statutory Instruments and these Conditions,

if a licence is issued.

4. An application to sit the Amateur Radio Examination or the Amateur Radio (Novice Class)

Examination shall be made on the appropriate form provided by POTRAZ. The applicant

shall provide the following particulars:-

4.1 Name and address;

4.2 ID (National or other)

PART IV : EXAMINATIONS

1. An applicant may be required to prove to POTRAZ the ability of expression in the English

language both orally and in writing.

2. The respective examinations will normally be held once a year, in August, on a date which

will be advertised in the Press approximately 30 days in advance of the date of the

examination.

3. The syllabuses for the relevant examinations, which are described below, may be revised

from time to time in order to take into account developments in radiocommunication

techniques.

4. Both the Amateur Radio Examination and the Novice Class Examination are "pass"

examinations.

4.1 The Amateur Radio Examination consists of a single question paper and is divided into two

parts. Part I contains questions drawn from items 1 and 2 of the syllabus. Part II consists of

questions drawn from the remaining items of the syllabus. Duration of the question papers,

which depends largely on the type of questions asked, will be stated at the head of

each examination paper. Questions may be of the objective type, for example, multiple-

choice, assertion, reason etc., or of the more conventional type requiring candidates to

supply written answers. Candidates are expected to achieve a "pass" in each of the parts

separately; failure in either part entails failure in the examination as a whole.

4.2 The Novice Class Examination consists of a single question paper, the object of which will

be to determine whether the candidate has a good knowledge of the By-Laws, appropriate

Conditions and operating procedures, and an understanding of the elementary principals of

radiocommunication and basic electronics (that is, a balanced spread of questions

covering By-Laws and elementary theory). Duration of the question papers, which depends

largely on the type of questions asked, will be stated at the head of each examination paper.

Questions may be of the objective type, for example, multiple-choice, assertion, reason etc.,

or of the more conventional type requiring candidates to supply written answers. Answers

will not be expected to reach beyond an elementary understanding of technical aspects, but

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candidates must display a sound knowledge of the appropriate By-Laws. All questions

must be attempted.

5. A certificate will be awarded to successful candidates.

SECTION III

SYLLABUS FOR THE AMATEUR RADIO EXAMINATION

SUB-SECTION I : FULL CERTIFICATE

PART I

1. LICENSING CONDITIONS

Conditions laid down by POTRAZ for one Amateur Licence, covering the purpose for which the

transmitters may be used; types of signals permissible; types of emission; power, frequency control

and measurements; avoidance of interference to other stations, particularly in bands shared with

other services; qualifications of operators; log-keeping and use of call signs.

2. TRANSMITTER INTERFERENCE

Frequency stability. Avoidance of harmonic radiation and of interference by shock excitations; use

of key-click filters and other means of preventing spurious emissions. Dangers of over-modulation.

Devices for reducing interference with nearby radio and television receivers. Need for audio

bandwidth limitation. Frequency checking equipment.

PART II

3. ELEMENTARY ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Elementary theory of electricity; conductors and insulators; units of measurement; Ohm's Law;

Resistances and capacitors in series and parallel. Power; Primary cells; Permanent magnets and

electro-magnets and their use in radio work. Self and mutual inductance; types of inductor used in

receiving and transmitting circuits. Capacitance; construction of various types of capacitors and

their arrangement in series or parallel.

4. ALTERNATING CURRENT THEORY (ELEMENTARY)

Alternating current and voltages. Alternating current theory incorporating circuits with inductance,

capacitance and resistance. Impedance, resonance, coupled circuits, acceptor and rejector circuits.

The transformer.

5. THERMIONIC VALVES AND SEMI-CONDUCTORS

Characteristics and essential construction of semi-conductor diodes, transistors and integrated

circuits, thermionic diodes, triodes and multi-electrode valves. Use of semi-conductor devices and

valves as oscillators, amplifiers, detectors and frequency changers. Distortion, harmonics. Push-pull.

Power rectification; stabilisation and smoothing; typical power packs for low power transmitters

and receivers. Voltage regulator ICs, LEDs, Operational amplifiers.

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6. RADIO RECEIVERS

Principals and operation of typical receivers; C.W. reception and reception of S.S.B. and F.M.

signals in outline. Interference caused by receivers.

7. LOW POWER TRANSMITTERS

Oscillator circuits, use of quartz crystals to control oscillators; frequency multipliers, power

amplifiers. Methods of keying transmitters. Methods of modulation and types of emission in current

use, including S.S.B. and F.M.

8. PROPAGATION

Wavelengths, frequency, velocity. Nature and propagation of radio waves. Ionospheric and

tropospheric conditions and their effect on propagation. Relationship between wavelength,

frequency and velocity of propagation.

9. ANTENNAS

Common types of receiving and transmitting antennas. Transmission lines. Directional systems.

Antenna couplings to lines and transmitters. Matching.

10. MEASUREMENTS

Measurements of frequency and simple frequency meters (including crystal-controlled types). Use

of verniers and other interpolation methods. Dummy loads and their use for lining up transmitters.

Measurements of power input to final stage of a transmitter. Measurement of current and voltage at

audio and radio frequencies. Use of cathode-ray oscilloscope for waveform examination and

measurement.

SUB-SECTION II : NOVICE CLASS CERTIFICATE

1. LICENSING CONDITIONS

Conditions (i.e. terms, provisions and limitations) laid down by POTRAZ for the licensing and

working of Amateur Stations. The purpose for which transmitters may be used; types of signal

permissible; types of emission; power, frequency control and measurements; avoidance of

interference to other stations particularly in bands shared with other services; qualifications of

operators; log-keeping and use of call signs. Restrictions applicable to the novice class licence.

2. BASIC ELECTRICITY

Current flow. Effects of an electric current; magnetism; Electro-magnets. Alternating currents and

voltages; fusing. Characteristics of conductors, semi-conductors and insulators. Ohm's Law -

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Resistors and capacitors in series and parallel. Measurement of current, voltage, power and

frequency. Units of measurement.

3. BASIC ELECTRONICS AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

Elementary outline of radiocommunications; frequencies used for radiocommunications;

relationship between velocity, frequency and wavelength. Propagation of radio waves; ground

waves, ionospheric waves; skip distance; skip zone; use of "day" and "night" frequencies. Simple

antennas, types and their uses. Use of dummy loads; matching.

Purpose and principals of operation of the following:-

Modulator, amplifier, oscillators, filters, attenuator, detector, frequency multiplier, frequency

changer (mixer), etc. Constructional features and uses of resistors (colour coding), capacitors,

inductor, transformers, rectifiers, simple thermionic valves, diodes, transistors and integrated

circuits. The transistor used as an amplifier. Standard graphical symbols used in circuit diagrams.

4. RECEIVING AND TRANSMITTING

Principals and operation of typical simple receivers and super-heterodyne receivers. Sources of

interference caused by receivers.

Methods of keying transmitters; methods of modulation and types of emission in current use.

Determination of the power of a transmitter. Measurement of the power input to the final stages of a

transmitter. Avoidance of harmful radiation; use of key-click filters and other means of preventing

spurious emissions; dangers of over-modulation. Devices for reducing interference with nearby

radio and television receivers. Power supplies; smoothing, stabilisation.

5. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

Precautions against hazards of electric shocks; colour coding of mains power leads.

SECTION IV

STATION LICENCES AND GENERAL LICENSING CONDITIONS 1. No person shall possess or control or work a radio transmitter otherwise than in accordance

with the terms and conditions of a licence issued by POTRAZ and on payment of such fees

as may be prescribed.

2. All licences issued shall be subject to the provisions of the Act, the By-Laws, and amending

legislation and these Conditions.

3. POTRAZ may, without charge, issue a temporary licence authorising a person to possess a

radio transmitter for a limited period on condition that the transmitter is disconnected from

the antenna and the source of electricity supply, and not used for any radio communication

purpose.

4. An Amateur Station licence is not transferable.

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5. POTRAZ is empowered to vary the terms of a licence issued to an Amateur with particular

reference to:-

5.1 avoidance of interference with other authorised services;

5.2 newly licensed Amateurs;

5.3 Amateurs who commit any offence in terms of the Act, the By-Laws and these

conditions.

6. The fee for a fixed Amateur Station licence shall be as prescribed by POTRAZ. In the case

of a full Amateur Radio Station, the licence shall be valid for up to 12 months from the date

of issue, subject to renewal for each period of 12 months on payment of the licensing fee. In

the case of a Novice Class Station, the initial licence shall be valid for a period of up to 36

months from the date of issue and is not renewable.

7. The fee for a mobile Amateur Station shall be the same as for a fixed Amateur Station

provided that an Amateur who is licensed to work a fixed Amateur Station may be licensed

to work a mobile Amateur Station free of charge.

8. The fee for a duplicate licence shall be as prescribed by POTRAZ.

9. POTRAZ shall not be liable to refund the whole or any part of the fee paid in respect of any

Amateur Station licence.

10. Licences shall be valid for the period shown therein. Payments for renewal, where

appropriate, must be made before the date of expiry. The licensee is required to return, in

DUPLICATE, a schedule of licensed station equipment together with the licence fee in the

form which is set out in Appendix B to these Conditions. The licensee will receive a duly

stamped copy of the schedule by POTRAZ with receipt for payment of the licence fee.

11. An Officer appointed in writing by POTRAZ, or a Police officer, may require a person for

whom there is reasonable cause to suspect is a person required in terms of the Postal and

Telecommunications Act to possess a licence, to produce a valid licence.

12. An Officer authorised in writing by POTRAZ may inspect a licensed Amateur's Station at

all reasonable times.

13. If authorised in writing by a magistrate an Officer or a Police Officer may at all reasonable

times enter premises which are owned or occupied by a person whom there is reasonable

cause to suspect is working a radio station or possesses or controls or has generating

apparatus which is causing harmful interference or is committing any other offence in terms

of the Act and shall have power to make such examination, inspection and inquiry and do

such things as may appear to be necessary for ascertaining whether compliance has been

made with the provisions of the Act.

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14. An Officer may order a licensee to cease using radio apparatus which in the opinion of the

Officer is causing harmful interference or is being used otherwise than in accordance with

the provisions of the Act, the Statutory Instruments, these Conditions, the Convention or the

terms and conditions of the licence.

15. An Officer or a Police Officer, may subject to the provisions of paragraphs 11, 12 and 13

above, seize a radio station which there is reasonable cause to suspect is being worked, or is

in the possession or under the control of a person in contravention of the terms of the Act, or

any book or document which there is reasonable cause to suspect will afford evidence of the

commission of an offence against the Act.

16. POTRAZ may at any time suspend a licence for a specific period, cancel or refuse to issue

or renew a licence if it is satisfied after due enquiry that the suspension, cancellation or

refusal to issue or renew the licence is justified in the public interest.

17. Subject to an appeal, if any, being withdrawn or dismissed a person whose licence is

cancelled shall dispose of the licensed apparatus within such period as POTRAZ may

specify in writing.

18. No person whose licence has been suspended shall work the radio apparatus in respect of

which the licence was issued.

19. When POTRAZ refuses to renew or cancels or suspends a licence the holder shall return the

licence to POTRAZ on request.

20. The holder of a radio station licence shall within fourteen days of any change of address

specified on the licence, notify POTRAZ of the new address. When a station is transferred

and re-installed at a new address, POTRAZ may, at its discretion, require that the

installation at the new address be inspected before it is brought into use.

21. POTRAZ may require a licensee to have a telephone installed in the licensed premises. This

shall not be construed so as to oblige POTRAZ to assist in the provision of a telephone

service or give priority in its provision to a licensee.

22. Nothing in the By-Laws or these Conditions shall be construed so as to make POTRAZ

liable or responsible in any way for any infringement by a licensee in the exercise of the

licence of a copyright in any work or of any patent for an invention or for any breach of the

law arising out of the exercise of a licence.

23. A licensee shall be deemed at all times to indemnify POTRAZ against all actions claims and

demands which may be brought or made by any person in respect of any injury arising from

any act of the licensee or the licensee's agents in connection with the operation of the station

for which the license is issued.

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24. No radio transmitter shall be sold, given, lent or otherwise transferred to any person without

informing POTRAZ in writing. A serial number shall be firmly fixed or embossed in a

prominent place on the chassis of the transmitter.

25. The Air Navigation Regulations, 2003, as amended, forbid the erection of any obstruction in

the vicinity of an aerodrome without the prior approval of the Director of Civil Aviation. It

is the responsibility of the holder of, or applicant for, an Amateur Station licence to ensure

that the Air Navigation Regulations of 2003 are complied with in respect of any antenna

system used with any Amateur Station.

26. If, in the opinion of the President, it is necessary in the interests of public security or the

maintenance of law and order, the President may give to any persons such directions

regarding the use and operation of any radio station or the interception or detention of any

communication as may be contained in that direction.

27. It should be noted that a call-sign is allocated to a station and not to an operator. If the

operation of a licensed station is discontinued or disposed of and not re-established for an

extended period, or rendered inactive or inoperable for any reason whatsoever, POTRAZ

may, at its discretion, withdraw the call-sign of that station.

SECTION V

OPERATING PROCEDURES

1. An operator or licensee shall observe, and comply with, the relevant provisions of the

Convention.

2. An Amateur Station may establish communication only with another Amateur Station.

3. Communication with other stations situated outside Zimbabwe shall only be established if

such communication is not prohibited by or under the law in force in the country in which

such other Amateur Station is situated.

4. Messages shall not be broadcast to Amateur Stations in general but shall be sent only to

Amateur Stations with which communication is established singly, or to groups of particular

Amateur Stations with which communication is established collectively.

5. When communications between Amateur Stations are permitted they must be limited to

messages relating to radio experiments and to remarks of a personal character for which by

reason of their unimportance recourse to the public telecommunications system is not

justified.

6. All communications between Amateur Stations shall be conducted in plain language or the

Q code.

7. Neither the licensee nor any other person shall use an Amateur Station or allow it to be used

for the transmission of advertisements, news or any message for or on behalf of a third

party.

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8. An Amateur Station shall be operated only by the licensee, the holder of an Amateur Radio

Operators Certificate of Competency or, for short period instructional purposes by a person

who:-

8.1 is the holder of valid ‘novice’ radio amateur licence and is supervised by a holder of an

Amateur Radio Operators Certificate of Competency

8.2 has an adequate knowledge of the English language; provided that the licensee ensures that

persons operating the station observe the terms, provisions and limitations of the station

licence at all times.

9. The licensee shall not allow any unauthorised person to operate the station or have access to

the apparatus comprising the station.

10. An Amateur Station may receive messages on a frequency band not specified in Tables 1

and 2 but may only transmit on a band authorised in Tables 1 and 2.

11. An Amateur Station shall accept with absolute priority distress calls and messages

regardless of their origin and shall immediately take such action in regard thereto as may be

required.

12. No person shall by means of an Amateur Station impersonate any other Amateur or

improperly use the call-sign of any other Amateur Station.

13. No person shall send any misleading message by means of an Amateur Station and shall not

encrypt messages for the purpose of rendering a message unintelligible to other radio

spectrum users.

14. The transmission by an Amateur Station of:-

14.1 false or fraudulent distress calls, messages or signals; or

14.2 communications of a blasphemous, indecent, obscene or offensive nature or repugnant to

law or decency; or

14.3 communications without reasonable cause for the purpose of causing annoyance,

inconvenience or needless anxiety; are expressly forbidden.

15. The transmission of signals without identification is forbidden.

16. An operator of an Amateur Station shall at all times use the call-sign allocated by POTRAZ.

17. The full call sign allocated by POTRAZ shall be transmitted:

17.1 During initial calls (‘CQ’ calls) or calls to establish contact with another amateur

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17.2 at least once every 15 minutes when the period of communication is longer than 15

minutes.

17.3 whenever the frequency of transmission is changed, at the beginning of transmission

on the new frequency.

17.4 by the same type of transmission that is being used for the communication

17.5 on the same frequency that is being used for the communication.

18. The signal "de" must be used in telegraphy (i.e. C.W. transmissions), or the words "THIS

IS" in the case of telephony, followed by the full call-sign when calling or answering

another station.

19. When telephony is used the letters and the cipher forming a call-sign may be confirmed by

using the appropriate words and cipher from the phonetic alphabet and the figure spelling

table which are given in items 26 and 27 of this section.

20. "Break-in" operation is permitted provided stations are on the same frequency and call-signs

are sent at least once every fifteen minutes.

21. Messages addressed to an Amateur Station from any Amateur Station with which the

licensee is in communication may be recorded and retransmitted in accordance with the By-

laws provided that the retransmissions are intended for the originating station only and that

the call sign of that station is not included in the transmission.

22. The licensee shall keep a record (log) in a form acceptable to POTRAZ showing the

following:-

22.1 Date.

22.2 Time of commencement of calls made from a station.

22.3 Call signs of the stations from which messages addressed to the station are received or to

which messages are sent, time of establishing and ending communications with each such

station, and the frequency or frequencies and calls or classes of emission in each case.

22.4 Time of closing down the station.

22.5 If the station is at any time operated by a person other than the licensee, that person shall

sign the log and record the qualifications (e.g. "Operator's Certificate of Competency"

and number) or the reason (e.g. "Tuition") for operating that station.

22.6 If the log is maintained on an electronic storage medium the means to view the log and

produce a hard copy shall be kept readily available at the main station address. Precautions

shall be taken to ensure the log is backed up

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23. The licensee of an Amateur Station shall not transmit from that station any form of

entertainment, so, however, that the transmission of music for test purposes only shall be

allowed from stations licensed for telephony, subject to the following conditions:-

23.1 no transmission of music shall exceed a period of three minutes in any one transmission;

23.2 after transmission of music there shall be a period of at least five minutes during which

music is not transmitted;

23.3 where recorded matter is used no mention shall be made of the make or name thereof or of

any information to identify the recorded matter;

23.4 transmissions of music shall be restricted to the following bands:-

3,650 - 3,800 MHz

144 - 146 MHz

430 - 440 MHz

1215 - 1300 MHz

2300 - 2450 MHz

5650 - 5850 MHz

10000 - 10500 MHz

For the purpose of this section the transmission of anything recorded shall be deemed to be

a transmission of music.

24. The headquarters of an Amateur Radio Society recognised by POTRAZ may, with its

approval, transmit information bulletins of direct interest to Amateurs at regular intervals

and may transmit Morse code transmissions for persons learning or improving their

efficiency in Morse operating.

25. The conditions of the relevant licence shall be observed at all times when mobile working is

taking place and in addition the authorised call sign used shall be suffixed with the word

"Mobile".

26. PHONETIC ALPHABET

LETTER CODE WORD PRONUNCIATION OF CODE WORD *

A Alpha AL FAH

B Bravo BRAH VOH

C Charlie CHAR LEE

D Delta DELL TAH

E Echo ECK OH

F Foxtrot FOKS TROT

G Golf GOLF

H Hotel HOH TELL

I India IN DEE AH

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J Juliet JEW LEE ETT

K Kilo KEE LOH

L Lima LEE MAH

M Mike MIKE

N November NO VEM BER

O Oscar OSS CAH

P Papa PAH PAH

Q Quebec KEH BECK

R Romeo ROW ME OH

S Sierra SEE AIR RAH

T Tango TANG GO

U Uniform YOU NEE FORM

V Victor VIK TAH

W Whiskey WISS KEY

X X-ray ECKS RAY

Y Yankee YANG KEY

Z Zulu ZOO LOO

* The syllables underlined carry the accent.

27. FIGURE SPELLING TABLE

WORD TO BE USED FOR ENGLISH-SPEAKING

FIGURE (INTERNATIONAL) CONTACTS

0 Zero ZE ROH with a long "O"

1 Wun WUN, emphasizing the "N"

2 Bis TOO, emphasizing the "T" and lengthen "OO"

3 Ter TH-R-EE, roll "R" and emphasizing "EE"

4 Quarto FOER

5 Penta FIFE, emphasizing both "F's"

6 Saxo SIX emphasizing the "X"

7 Sette SEV-EN, emphasizing the "V"

8 Octo ATE, with a long "A"

9 Nona NINE, long "I" emphasizing first "N"

Point Decimal Comma

e.g.: 250 will be: bis penta zero, or too fife zeroh and

43.1 will be: quarto tar decimal wun, or foer three comma wun.

28. Given below are a number of "Q" signals whose meanings must often need to be expressed

with brevity and clearness in Amateur work. (Q. abbreviations take the form of questions

only when each is sent followed by a question mark).

QAV. Are you calling me? I am calling .....

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QRA. What is the name of your vessel (or station)? The name of my vessel (or station) is

.....

QRG. Will you tell me my exact frequency in Kilohertz? Your frequency is ..... kHz

QRH. Does my frequency vary? Your frequency varies.

QRJ. Are you receiving me badly? Are my signals weak? I cannot receive you. Your

signals are too weak.

QRK. What is the readability of my signals (1 to 5)? The readability of your signals is .....

(1 to 5).

QRL. Are you busy? I am busy or busy with .....

QRM. Are you being interfered with? I am being interfered with.

QRN. Are you troubled with atmospherics? I am being troubled with atmospherics.

QRQ. Shall I send faster? Send faster ..... (Words per minute)

QRS. Shall I send more slowly? Send more slowly ..... (Words per Minute)

QRT. Shall I stop sending? Stop sending.

QRU. Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you.

QRV. Are you ready? I am ready.

QRX. When will you call again? I will call you again at ..... Hrs. (On .....)

QRZ. By whom am I being called? You are being called by .....

QSA. What is the strength of my signals (1 to 5)? The strength of your signals is .....(1 to

5)

QSB. Does the strength of my signal vary? The strength of your signal varies.

QSL. Can you give me acknowledgement of receipt? I give you acknowledgement of

receipt.

QSP. Will you relay to .....? I will relay to .....

QSV. Shall I send a series of VVV? Send a series of VVV.

QSY. Shall I change to .....Kilohertz without changing the type of wave? Change to

.....kHz. without changing the type of wave.

QTH. What is your position (location)? My location is ..... (by any indication)

QTR. What is the exact time? The time is .....

SECTION VI

FREQUENCIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. An Amateur Station shall be operated only within the bands authorised in the licence. The

bands on which the working of an Amateur Station may be authorised are specified in the

tables below.

2. Transmissions shall be such that no interference is caused to other stations outside the

authorised bands and when in use the transmitter shall be tuned to a frequency within the

authorised band, which frequency shall be so selected and maintained that no appreciable

energy is radiated on any frequency outside the limits of the band with and without

modulation applied and whether the transmitter is keyed or not, due allowance having been

made for any inaccuracy of the calibrating device.

3. A satisfactory method of frequency stabilisation shall be employed at the transmitter.

Page: 17

4. Means shall be available at the station to assess the frequency of emission to an accuracy of

not less than the tolerances specified below.

5. The assignment by POTRAZ of a frequency, frequencies or band to any

radiocommunication service shall not confer a monopoly of the use of such frequency,

frequencies or band nor shall a licence be construed as conferring any exclusive right in

respect of such frequency, frequencies or band.

6. Amateur Stations must conform with the following frequency tolerances:-

Parts in 10 to the power of 6 e.g. 106

Fixed Mobile

6.1 In bands between 1.750 and 29.7 MHz 100 200

(And including 0.1357 – 0.1378 MHz)

6.2 In bands between 50 to 440 MHz:

- power 50 watts or less 50 -

- power above 50 watts 20 -

- power 5 watts or less - 50

- power above 5 watts - 20

6.3 In bands between 1215 and 10 500 MHz 300 300

6.4 In bands between 24.0 and 24.25 GHz 500 -

NOTE : The power shown for various categories is the mean power as defined in

Appendix A.

7. The frequencies, types of emissions and maximum input power which may be authorised for

use by Amateur Stations are shown in the following tables. In licensing an Amateur Station

POTRAZ may vary any item or items in the table.

7.1 TABLE 1

THE FREQUENCY BANDS, POWER AND TYPES OF EMISSION AVAILABLE TO

AMATEUR STATIONS (OTHER THAN NOVICE CLASS STATIONS)

Frequencies

(MHz)

Notes

Maximum Peak Envelope

Power level in Watts

(and dB relative to 1 watt)

Emission

modes/usage

0.1357 – 0.1378 1W (0dBW) e.r.p. All modes for: 1.810 – 1.850

Page: 18

3.500 – 3.800 1 400 (26 dBW)

At transmitter antenna

terminal

Telegraphy

Telephony

FSK (RTTY)

Data

Facsimile

SSTV

7.000 – 7.200

10.100 – 10.150 14.000 – 14.350 18.068 – 18.168

21.000 – 21.450 2

24.890 – 24.990

28.000 – 29.700 2

50.000 – 54.000

144 – 146 2

430 – 440 2,3,4

1240 – 1300 2,3

Frequencies

(GHz)

25 watts mean input power

and 2.5 kilowatts peak

power for pulse emissions.

All modes for:

Telegraphy

Telephony

FSK (RTTY)

Data

Facsimile

SSTV

FSTV

Pulse modulation

2.300 – 2.450 2

5.650 – 5.850 1,2,3

10.000 – 10.500 1,2,3

24.000 – 24.250 2,3

47.000 – 47.200 2

75.500 – 76.000 1

76.000 – 81.000 2,3

142.000 – 144.000 2

144.000– 149.000 2,3

241.000 – 248.000 2,3

248.000 – 250.000 2

NOTES for Tables 1:

1. Shared with Fixed and Mobile services.

2. Artificial satellites may be used by the Amateur Service.

3. Provided no interference is caused to Aeronautical Radio-navigation (band shared).

4. Temporary limitations will be imposed on the allocation of frequencies in this band.

Page: 19

7.2 TABLE 2

THE FREQUENCY BANDS, POWER AND TYPES OF EMISSION AVAILABLE

TO A NOVICE CLASS STATION:-

Frequencies (MHz)

Notes

Emission

modes/usage

Maximum

bandwidth

(Hz)

Maximum Peak

Envelope Power level

in Watts (and dB

relative to 1 Watt)

1.810 – 1.850 All modes for:

a. Telegraphy

b. Telephony

200

2700

3,500 – 3,750 1 All modes for:

c. Telegraphy

d. Telephony

200

2700

7,020 – 7,040 All modes for:

Telegraphy

200

7,040 – 7,100 All modes for:

Telephony

2700

10W

(10 dBW)

21,050 – 21,110 All modes for:

a. Telegraphy

b. Frequency

shift keying

c. Data

200

200

500

At Transmitter antenna

terminal

21,280 – 21,450 2 All modes for:

a. Telephony

b. Slow scan

video

2700

2700

28,050 – 28,150 All modes for:

a. Telegraphy

b. Frequency

shift keying

c. Data

200

200

500

28,300 – 28,500 2 All modes for:

Telephony

2700

29,200 – 29,700 3 All modes 10000 - (See note 3)

50 – 54 3 All modes 10000 - (See note 3)

145 – 146 2, 3 Telephony:

Frequency

modulation

10000 - (See note 3)

NOTES - for Table 2:

1. Shared with Fixed and Mobile services.

2. Artificial satellites may be used by the Amateur Service.

3. For frequency modulated modes maximum power to be 10 watts mean power.

Page: 20

7.3 CODES FOR CLASSES OF EMISSION

The Telecommunication Convention designates classes of emission by using groups of a minimum

of three characters. A full list of emission symbols and examples of emissions as used in the

Amateur Service are listed in the Appendix.

Modulation techniques for the type of emission and usage indicated in the Tables 1 and 2 are

defined as follows:

Telegraphy hand or automatically sent international Morse code

Telephony speech, including selective calling signals using AM/FM or SSB modulation.

RTTY radio teletype and AMTOR

Data digital codes representing numbers, text, speech, images, measurements,

computer programmes or other information authorised by the licence.

Facsimile transmission of fixed or graphic images.

SSTV slow scan (reduced bandwidth) television or video.

FSTV fast scan television or video.

8. The mean power of any spurious emission supplied to the antenna transmission line shall

not exceed the values specified below:-

8.1 Below 30 MHz: 40 decibels below the mean power of the fundamental without

exceeding the power of 50 milliwatts;

8.2 Between 30 MHz and 235 MHz for transmitters having a mean power of:-

8.2.1 greater than 25 watts; 60 decibels below the mean power of the fundamental

without exceeding 1 milliwatt;

8.2.2 25 watts or less; 40 decibels below the mean power of the fundamental

without exceeding 25 microwatts and without the necessity for reducing this

value below 10 microwatts.

9. The following extract from the International Radio Regulations is relevant:-

"Taking into account practical and technical considerations as well as the service to be

performed, the class of emissions making use of the narrowest frequency band shall be

employed. The level of radio frequency harmonics and non essential emissions shall be kept

at the lowest value which the state of technique and the nature of the service permits."

10. Transmitters shall be of sound design and satisfactory construction with reference to current

technical developments.

11. Power supplies shall be adequately filtered to minimise phase, frequency and amplitude

modulation from this source.

Page: 21

12. When telegraphy is being used the arrangement employed for keying the transmitter must be

such as to reduce to a minimum the risk of interference due to key clicks.

13. A transmitter shall not be altered in respect of its class, type or characteristics of emission or

method of frequency control without the approval of POTRAZ.

14. In testing transmitters all practical precautions shall be taken to avoid harmful interference.

If there is any doubt about the performance of a transmitter which is being tested an efficient

dummy load shall be used.

15. In order to avoid interference, radiation in unnecessary directions shall be minimised where

the nature of the service permits by taking the maximum practicable advantage of the

properties of directional antennas.

16. The receiver used at an Amateur Station shall be designed, constructed and operated in such

a way that radiation or the re-radiation of signals is kept to a minimum.

SECTION VII

RADIO AMATEUR EMERGENCY SERVICE

GENERAL 1. AUTHORIZATION

POTRAZ may, in the event of a disaster, public emergency or any other comparable

situation, authorise an approved and legally constituted Amateur Radio body to use an

Amateur Station or Amateur Stations for the purpose of sending to and receiving from any

authorised Amateur Stations such messages as the licensees may be requested by a duly

authorised officer of the Red Cross Society, the St. John's Ambulance Brigade, the Police

Force, the Army and such civil authorities as POTRAZ may from time to time authorise.

2. ACTIVATION

The details of the scheme and the conditions under which it may be operated and brought

into use are held by the Zimbabwe Amateur Radio Society, and a copy of these conditions

will be supplied to any Amateur who may be nominated or requested to participate in the

scheme.

3. Any Amateur who may be requested to assist in an emergency, other than an emergency

described in 1. above during which the Radio Amateur Emergency Service is in operation

with POTRAZ's authority, shall seek the approval of POTRAZ to render the assistance

requested; provided that assistance may be given without this authority in the event of:-

3.1 an emergency completely disrupting normally available communications facilities;

3.2 an emergency where any delay would jeopardise the safety of life, preservation of

property, maintenance of law and order, or the alleviation of human suffering and need.

Page: 22

APPENDIX A

GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS AND TECHNICAL TERMS

"Act": means the Postal and Telecommunications Act of 2000.

"Assigned frequency": means the centre of the frequency band assigned to a station.

"Assigned frequency band": means the frequency band the centre of which coincides with the

frequency assigned to the station and the width of which equals the necessary band width plus twice

the absolute value of the frequency tolerance.

"Amateur Service": means a service of self training, intercommunication and technical

investigations carried on by Amateurs, that is, by duly authorised persons interested in radio

technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest (Convention Definition).

"Amateur Station": means a station in the Amateur service.

"Convention": means the International Telecommunications Convention signed at Montreux in

Switzerland on the 12th November 1965 and the regulations annexed thereto or any other

international telecommunications convention to which the Government of Zimbabwe maybe a party

and the regulations annexed thereto.

"Carrier Power": means the average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a

radio transmitter during one radio frequency cycle under conditions of no modulation. This

definition does not apply to pulse modulated emissions.

"Effective radiated power": means the power supplied to the antenna multiplied by the relative gain

of the antenna in a given direction.

"Facsimile”: means a system of telecommunication for the transmission of fixed images, with or

without half-tones, with a view of their reproduction in a permanent form.

"Fixed Service": means a service of radiocommunication between specified fixed points.

"Fixed station": means a station in the fixed service.

"Frequency tolerance": means the maximum permissible departure by the centre frequency

of the frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned frequency, or by the characteristic

frequency of an emission from the reference frequency. The frequency tolerance is expressed in

parts in 106 or in cycles per second.

"Generating apparatus": means any apparatus:-

(a) generating or

(b) designed to generate;

Hertzian waves which are prescribed to be generating apparatus in terms of the Act.

Page: 23

"Harmful interference": means radiation, induction, conduction or other

electromagnetic or electrostatic effect which:-

(a) prevents the proper functioning of, or obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts:-

(i) a radiocommunication service carried on in accordance with the provisions

of the Act or of the Convention; or

(ii) a telephone or telegraph service carried on in terms of the Postal and

Telecommunications Services Act, 2000; and

(b) is not caused by the working, in accordance with the provisions of the Act of a radio

transmitting station on its assigned frequency.

"Hertzian Waves": means electromagnetic waves of frequencies between ten kilohertz and three

million megahertz propagated in space without artificial guide.

"Mean power": means the power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a radio transmitter

during normal operation, averaged over a time sufficiently long compared with the period of the

lowest frequency encountered in the modulation. A time of 1/10 second during which the mean

power is greatest will be selected normally.

"Mobile station": means a radio station capable of use whilst in motion or during halts at

unspecified points and includes those radio stations commonly known as "hand-helds" or

"portable" but does not include an aircraft station or ship station.

"Officer": means a person who is employed or appointed by POTRAZ.

"Peak Envelope Power": means the average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a

transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the highest crest of the modulation envelope

taken under conditions of normal operation.

"POTRAZ": means the Posts and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe.

"Power": Whenever the power of a radio transmitter etc, is referred to, it shall be expressed in

one of the following forms:-

- peak envelope power (pp)

- mean power (pm)

- carrier power (pc)

"Radio apparatus": includes any apparatus, equipment, instrument, pole, mast, standard, wire,

cable, thing or means whatsoever which is or may be used in connection with, or for the

purpose of conveying electric energy to or from, a radio station.

"Radiocommunication service" : means the transmission, emission or reception of writing,

signs, signals, pictures, impulses and sounds of all descriptions whatsoever wholly or partly by

means of Hertzian waves.

"Radio station": means:-

Page: 24

(a) apparatus, other than generating apparatus, capable of being used for the transmission or

emission of writing, signs, signals, pictures, impulses and sounds of all descriptions

whatsoever wholly or partly by means of Hertzian waves; or

(b) apparatus capable of being used for the reception of writing, signs, signals, pictures,

impulses and sounds of all descriptions whatsoever wholly or partly by means of Hertzian

waves; or

(c) apparatus referred to in paragraph (a) of this definition and apparatus referred to in

paragraph (b) of this definition in combination.

"Reference frequency": means the frequency having a fixed and specified position with respect to

the assigned frequency. The displacement of this frequency with respect to the assigned

frequency has the same absolute value and sign that the displacement of the characteristic

frequency has with respect to the centre of the frequency band occupied by the emission.

"Spurious emission": means an emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the

necessary band and the level of which may be reduced without effecting the corresponding

transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions

and inter-modulation products, but excludes emissions in the immediate vicinity of the necessary

band which are a result of the modulation process for the transmission of information.

"Statutory Instruments": means any Regulations issued in terms of the Postal and

Telecommunications Act [Chapter 12:05]

"Telecommunication": means any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing,

images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, visual or other electromagnetic

systems.

"Telegraphy": means a system of telecommunication for the transmission of written matter by the

use of a signal code.

"Telephony": means a system of telecommunication set up for the transmission of speech or, in

some cases, other sounds.

"Television": means a system of telecommunication for the transmission of transient images of

fixed or moving objects.

ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS AND TECHNICAL TERMS

"Antenna directivity diagram": Is a curve representing, in polar or cartesian co-ordinates, a quantity

proportional to the gain of an antenna in the various directions in a particular plane or cone.

"Base station": means a radio station established on land and used for the purpose of carrying on a

radiocommunication service with mobile stations.

Page: 25

"Broadcasting service": means a radiocommunication service intended for reception by members of

the general public.

"Characteristic frequency": Is a frequency which can be easily identified and measured in a given

emission.

"Duplex working": Is a working method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both

directions. (In general, duplex and semi-duplex working requires two frequencies in

radiocommunication; simplex may use either one or two).

"Experimental station": means a station using utilising radio waves in experiments with a view to

the development of science or technique.

"Gain of an antenna": The ratio of the power required at the input of a reference antenna to the

power supplied to the input of the given antenna to produce, in a given direction, the same field at

the same distance. When not specified otherwise, the figure expressing the gain of an antenna refers

to the gain in the direction of the radiation, main lobe. In services using scattering modes of

propagation the full gain of an antenna may not be realizable in practice and the apparent gain may

vary with time.

"Gain referred to a Short Vertical antenna": The gain of an antenna in a given direction when the

reference antenna is a perfect vertical antenna, much shorter than one quarter of the wavelength,

placed on the surface of a perfectly conducting plane earth.

"Isotropic or Absolute Gain of an antenna": The gain of an antenna in a given direction when the

reference antenna is an isotropic antenna isolated in space.

"Ionospheric scatter": The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a result of irregularities or

discontinuities in the ionisation of the ionosphere.

"Land mobile service": means a mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations, or

between land mobile stations.

"Land Mobile Station": means a station in the land mobile service capable of surface movement

within the geographical limits of a country or continent.

"Land station": means a station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in motion.

"Mobile service": means a service of radiocommunication between mobile and land stations, or

between mobile stations.

"Necessary bandwidth": Is for a given class of emission, the minimum value of the occupied

bandwidth sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality

required for the system employed, under specified conditions. Emissions useful for the good

functioning of the receiving equipment as, for example, the emission corresponding to the carrier

of reduced carrier systems, shall be included in the necessary bandwidth.

Page: 26

"Occupied bandwidth": Is the frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its upper

frequency limits, the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5% of the total mean power radiated

by a given emission.

"Radio waves": (See Hertzian waves, Appendix A, Definitions)

"Relative gain of an antenna": Is the gain of antenna in a given direction when the reference

antenna is a half-wave loss free dipole isolated in space and the equatorial plane of which contains

the given direction.

"Simplex working": means a working method in which transmission is made possible alternately in

each direction, for example, by means of manual control.

"Standard frequency station": means a radio transmitting station used for the purpose of

transmitting standard time signals and specified frequencies of known high accuracy intended for

general reception.

"Station": means one or more transmitters or receivers or a combination of transmitters and

receivers, including the accessory equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on a

radiocommunications service. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates

permanently or temporarily.

"Tropospheric scatter": Is the propagation of radio waves by scattering as a result of irregularities or

discontinuities in the physical properties of the troposphere.

“Codes for classes of emission” Are the symbols used to designate classes of emission that are in

the form of three characters: (See 7.3)

First symbol – Type of modulation of the main carrier

N Emission of unmodulated carrier

Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are

angle modulated):

A Double sideband

H Single sideband, full carrier

R Single sideband, reduced or variable level carrier

J Single sideband, suppressed carrier

B Independent sidebands

C Vestigial sideband

Emission in which the main carrier is angle modulated:

F Frequency modulation

G Phase modulation

D Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude and angle modulated either

simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence

Page: 27

Emission of pulses:

P Sequence of unmodulated pulses

A sequence of pulses:

K Modulated in amplitude

L Modulated in width/duration

M Modulated in position/phase

Q In which the carrier is angle modulated during the period of the pulse

V Which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means

NB Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which has been

coded into quantised form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be designated by A,

H, R, J, B, C, F or G as appropriate.

W Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier

modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a combination of

two or more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse.

X Cases not otherwise covered

NB For the purpose of this licence, modulation used only for short periods and for

incidental purposes, such as identification or calling, may be ignored when

determining the emission designator. Double sideband emissions with reduced or

suppressed carrier are included in the first character A.

Second symbol – Nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier

0 No modulating signal

1 A single channel containing quantised or digital information without the use of a

modulating subcarrier (excluding time-division multiplex)

2 A single channel containing quantised or digital information with the use of a

modulating subcarrier (excluding time-division multiplex)

3 A single channel containing analogue information

7 Two or more channels containing quantised or digital information

8 Two or more channels containing analogue information

9 Composite system with one or more channels containing quantised or digital

information, together with one or more channels containing analogue information

X Cases not otherwise covered

Third symbol – Type of information to be transmitted (in this context, the word ‘’information’’ does

not include information of a constant, unvarying nature such as that provided by standard

frequency emissions or continuous wave or pulse radars)

N No information transmitted

A Telegraphy – for aural reception

B Telegraphy – for automatic reception

C Facsimile

D Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand

E Telephony

F Television (video)

W Combination of the above

X Cases not otherwise covered

Page: 28

The following examples of classes of emission as used in the amateur service are given for the

purpose of guidance only:

Telegraphy (Morse):

Hand sent, on/off keying of the carrier A1A

Telephony (speech):

Single sideband, suppressed carrier (SSB) J3E

Frequency modulation (FM) F3E

Amplitude modulation (AM) A3E

RTTY/AMTOR:

Direct frequency shift keying of the carrier F1B

Frequency shift keyed audio tone (SSB transmitter) J2B

Packet/Data:

Direct frequency shift keying of the carrier F1D

Frequency shift keyed audio tone (SSB transmitter) J2D

Television (video):

Vestigial sideband (AM transmitter) C3F

Slow scan television (SSB transmitter) J2F

Facsimile:

Frequency shift keyed audio tone (SSB transmitter) J2C

PPENDIX B

Issue 1

SCHEDULE OF LICENSED AMATEUR RADIO

STATION EQUIPMENT

1. CLASSES OF EMISSION:

(a) b) (c) (d) (e) (f)_______

2. TRANSMITTERS AND/OR TRANSCEIVERS:

MAKE TYPE SERIAL NO. TX - TX/RX (HF/VHF) POWER

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

3. RECEIVING APPARATUS:

MAKE (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)________

TYPE (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)________

Page: 29

SERIAL (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)________

4. MOBILE STATION(S): Authorised - Yes / No

(Transmitters (a) - (j))

5. MEANS BY WHICH FREQUENCY CONTROL IS ACHIEVED:

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6. SPECIAL CONDITIONS:

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| DATE STAMP | CALL SIGN Z2-----------------

| |

| | LICENCE NO. -----------------

| |

| | ISSUE No. -----------------

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