radio sensor system user manual version 4.2 august 2015

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Sontay® SonNet Radio Sensor System

User Manual

Version 4.2

August 2015

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Audience This manual is intended for specifiers, users and installers of the Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system. Content This manual provides a complete reference for the Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system. Related Documents The Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system Site Survey Kit Quick Start Guide The Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system Site Survey Kit Manual The Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system Quick Start Guide The Sontay® SonNet radio sensor system product datasheets

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Table of Contents:

Overview .................................................................................................... 5 Environmental .............................................................................................. 5 Battery Fitting and Replacement ........................................................................... 5 Disposal of Batteries ........................................................................................ 5 Devices Types ............................................................................................... 6

Battery Powered Nodes .......................................................................... 6 24V Powered Routers............................................................................. 8 230Vac Powered Routers ........................................................................ 10 The System Receiver ............................................................................. 11 The RF‐IOM ...................................................................................... 12

The Radio Network ........................................................................................ 14 Network Planning Considerations .............................................................. 15

The Radio System .......................................................................................... 17 Security .................................................................................................... 17 How the Self‐Healing Tree Network is Formed ........................................................... 17 Propagation Of Radio Signals in Buildings ................................................................ 18 Extension Aerials .......................................................................................... 19 FAQs ........................................................................................................ 20 Configuration & Monitoring Software .................................................................... 22

Important – Disabling Driver Signing Verification .............................................. 22 Windows 7 64‐bit ................................................................................ 22 Windows 8 ....................................................................................... 23 Windows 8.1 ..................................................................................... 23 Windows 10 ...................................................................................... 23 Installing CMS .................................................................................... 24 Starting CMS ..................................................................................... 27 Importing a Saved Layout ....................................................................... 28 The CMS Desktop Environment ................................................................. 29 Logging On as an Administrator ................................................................. 30 Changing the Administrator Password .......................................................... 30 Auto Configuration Mode ....................................................................... 31 Listing Devices ................................................................................... 32 Changing Device Labels .......................................................................... 33 Creating Analogue Output Channel Mapping .................................................. 34 Viewing Device Properties ...................................................................... 35 Changing Device Configurations ................................................................ 37 Configurable Parameters ........................................................................ 37 RF‐IOM Configuration ........................................................................... 39 RF‐IOM Status Tab ............................................................................... 39 Changing the input configuration ............................................................... 40 Changing the output configuration ............................................................. 41 Manually Authorising a New Node ............................................................. 42 Removing a Node from the Network ........................................................... 42 Using the Graphical Map Display ................................................................ 43 Setting the Map Display Background Image .................................................... 43 Adding Devices to the Map Display ............................................................. 44 Icon Plan ......................................................................................... 44 Device Status ..................................................................................... 45 Link Status ....................................................................................... 45 Auto Updating ................................................................................... 46

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Manual Refreshing Of Data ...................................................................... 46 Communications Log ............................................................................ 47 Changing Display Units .......................................................................... 47 Configuration Log ................................................................................ 48 Using CMS To Document A Wireless Network .................................................. 49 Saving and Opening Layouts .................................................................... 49 Receiver Print Preview ........................................................................... 50

SonNet‐Tridium JACE Driver Action Menus .............................................................. 51 Network Action Menu ........................................................................... 51 Receiver Action Menu ........................................................................... 51 Router Action Menu ............................................................................. 52 RF‐IOM Action Menu ............................................................................ 53 Sensor Action Menu ............................................................................. 54

Managing a Tridium JACE SonNet Wireless Network .................................................... 56 Requirements .................................................................................... 56 Installing the SonNet Driver to a Tridium JACE ................................................. 56 Adding a SonNet Network ....................................................................... 57 Prerequisites ..................................................................................... 57

Commissioning a SonNet Network ....................................................................... 58 Commissioning an Existing Network ............................................................ 58 Commissioning a New Network ................................................................. 59

Configuring Network Devices ............................................................................. 60 Device Prefixes ................................................................................... 60 Receiver .......................................................................................... 60 Routers ........................................................................................... 61 RF‐IOMs .......................................................................................... 62 Writing Output RF‐IOM Values .................................................................. 63 RF‐IOM Fallback Values ......................................................................... 63 End Devices (EDs) ................................................................................ 65 The VFC Activation Count Point ................................................................. 66

Commissioning Multiple Networks on the Same Site .................................................... 67 Pre‐commission each network away from site ................................................. 67 Commission each network individually on site ................................................. 67

Commissioning a SonNet System: A Step‐By‐Step Guide ................................................ 68 Best Practise Points .................................................................................. 70 Trouble‐Shooter’s Guide .................................................................................. 71 Estimating Network Coverage in the Absence of a Site Survey .......................................... 77

Attenuation Properties of Common Building Materials ........................................ 78 Strategy Tips ............................................................................................... 79 Alarms ..................................................................................................... 83

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Overview The wireless nodes are based on direct‐sequence spread spectrum communication in the 2.4 ‐ 2.5GHz band, compliant with IEEE 802.15.4‐2006. All nodes have a unique MAC address, equivalent to a unique serial number. All nodes have a PCB‐mounted on/off switch or jumper. All nodes retain their configuration properties across a power failure. Environmental

Storage temperature range of ‐10 to +80°C Storage relative humidity range of 0 to 90% (non‐condensing). Ambient (operating) temperature range of ‐10°C to +50°C Ambient (operating) relative humidity range of 0 to 90%, (non‐condensing).

Battery Fitting and Replacement When a battery is installed, or when it is replaced, observing the correct polarity is very important. Fitting the battery incorrectly may result in permanent damage to the device. Recommended batteries are 3.6Vdc 2.4Ah AA size Lithium‐Thionyl Chloride types for space housing sensors, or 3.6Vdc 2.1Ah 2/3 A size Lithium‐Thionyl Chloride types for plant housing sensors, and are not rechargeable. This type of battery should be stored in a clean, cool (not exceeding +30°C), dry and ventilated area. Disposal of Batteries ‐ Warning! Fire, Explosion and Burn Hazard Do not short‐circuit, crush, disassemble, heat above 100°C (212°F), incinerate, or expose the battery contents to water. Do not solder directly to the cell. NB ‐ All batteries must be disposed of in accordance with EC Directive 2006/66/EC, amended by EU Directive 2008/12/EC.

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Devices Types Battery Powered Nodes Battery powered sensor nodes are used in conjunction with the Sontay® RF‐RX20, RF‐RX40, RF‐RXS and RF‐RXS‐N receiver units, and if required (depending on installation topography), Sontay® RF‐RR series of routers. Data is transmitted back to the receiver at configurable time intervals, or on a configurable change in measured value. Each sensor retains these configurations if the battery becomes discharged or requires replacement. The sensors automatically find the best path back to the receiver, which may be directly to the receiver or via “parent” routers. To power a battery powered node, jumper J400 must be fitted. To switch off, remove J400. Battery powered nodes are available in 4 formats:

Space mounting temperature, with setpoint, momentary switch, fan speed, VFC input and CO2 options

o NB ‐ setpoint, momentary switch and fan speed options are not available with the CO2 option

Space mounting RH&T, with setpoint, momentary switch, fan speed, VFC input and CO2 options o NB ‐ setpoint, momentary switch and fan speed options are not available with the CO2

option

Plant mounting temperature

Plant mounting RH&T Space Mounting Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected, direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 1.2dBi VSWR 1.5:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: 0dBm (1mW @ 50Ω) Accuracy:

Temperature ±0.3°C Optional RH ±3% RH Battery Type: 3.6V AA 2.4Ah Li‐SOCl2, non‐rechargeable Battery Life: >3 years (depending on configuration) Housing: Material: ABS (flame retardant) Dimensions: 115 x 85 x 28mm Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Storage: Temperature: ‐10°C to +80°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Country of origin: UK Refer to product datasheets for installation instructions.

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Plant Mounting Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected, direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 2.0dBi VSWR 2:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: 0dBm (1mW @ 50Ω) Accuracy:

Temperature ±0.3°C Optional RH ±3% RH Battery Type: 3.6V AA 2.4Ah Li‐SOCl2, non‐rechargeable Battery Life: >3 years (depending on configuration) Housing: Material: ABS (flame retardant type VO) Dimensions: 115 x 85 x 28mm Mounting: Holes 4mm spaced 85mm apart Protection: IP65 Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Storage: Temperature: ‐10°C to +80°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Country of origin: UK Temperature Sensor Types: Duct Outside air Outside air with solar radiation shield

Immersion Strap‐on Flying lead

Refer to product datasheets for installation instructions.

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24V Powered Routers 24V powered routers are used in conjunction with the Sontay® RF‐RX20, RF‐RX40, RF‐RXS and RF‐RXS‐N receiver units, RF‐IOM IO modules and RF‐RS series of battery powered radio sensors, and are used to route signals from battery powered nodes and other routers to the receiver module, where the signal strength of a direct path is not sufficient for reliable communications. NB Each router can support a maximum of 16 “children”, which can consist of a maximum of 8 battery powered nodes and 8 routers, or up to 16 routers if there are no battery powered nodes. Consideration should be given on network planning for redundancy in case of router failure or damage. Data is transmitted back to the receiver at configurable time intervals, or on a configurable change in measured value. Each sensor retains these configurations if the battery becomes discharged or requires replacement. Routers automatically find the best path back to the receiver, which may be directly to the receiver or via other “parent” routers. To power a router, jumper J200 must be fitted. To switch off, remove J200. 24V powered nodes are available in 5 formats:

Space mounting temperature, with setpoint, momentary switch, fan speed, VFC input, PIR and CO2 options

o NB ‐ setpoint, momentary switch and fan speed options are not available with the CO2 option

Space mounting RH&T, with setpoint, momentary switch, fan speed, VFC input, PIR and CO2 options o NB ‐ setpoint, momentary switch and fan speed options are not available with the CO2

option

Plant mounting with no sensor functions

Plant mounting temperature

Plant mounting RH&T Space Mounting Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected Direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 1.2dBi VSWR 1.5:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: +10dBm (10mW @ 50Ω) Accuracy:

Temperature ±0.3°C Optional RH ±3% RH Power Supply: 24Vac/dc Housing: Material: ABS (flame retardant) Dimensions: 115 x 85 x 28mm Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing

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Storage: Temperature: ‐10°C to +80°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Country of origin: UK Refer to product datasheets for installation instructions. Plant Mounting Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected, direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 2.0dBi VSWR 2:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: +10dBm (10mW @ 50Ω) Accuracy:

Temperature ±0.3°C Optional RH ±3% RH Power Supply: 24Vac/dc Housing: Material: ABS (flame retardant type VO) Dimensions: 115 x 85 x 28mm Mounting: Holes 4mm spaced 85mm apart Protection: IP65 Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Storage: Temperature: ‐10°C to +80°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Country of origin: UK Temperature Sensor Types: Duct Outside air Outside air with solar radiation shield

Immersion Strap‐on Flying lead

Refer to product datasheets for installation instructions.

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230Vac Powered Routers The 230Vac powered RF‐RR‐MPR routers can be used in conjunction with the Sontay® RF‐RX20, RF‐RX40, RF‐RXS and RF‐RXS‐N receiver units, RF‐IOM IO modules, 24V powered RF‐RR routers and RF‐RS series of battery powered radio sensors, and are used to route signals from battery powered nodes and other routers to the receiver module, where the signal strength of a direct path is not sufficient for reliable communications. NB Each router can support a maximum of 16 “children”, which can consist of a maximum of 8 battery powered nodes and 8 routers, or up to 16 routers if there are no battery powered nodes. Consideration should be given on network planning for redundancy in case of router failure or damage. NB ‐ the RF‐RR‐MPR 230Vac has no sensor capability. Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected Direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 2.0dBi VSWR <2:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: +10dBm (10mW @ 50Ω) Power Supply: 85 – 240Vac @ 50/60 Hz Housing:

Material: ABS (flame retardant) Dimensions: 116 x 106 x 52mm

Environmental: Ambient: Temperature: ‐30°C to +70°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Protection: IP30

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The System Receiver The SonNet® receiver collects data from all other devices on the radio network, including measurements from sensors, link quality for all links formed in the network, battery levels for all battery powered devices, hours run for all devices and the current status of all devices. NB Each receiver can support a maximum of 16 “children”, which can consist of a maximum of 12 battery powered nodes and 4 routers, or up to 16 routers if there are no battery powered nodes. A USB socket is provided for connection to a PC or laptop running the Sontay SonNet CMS software (not RF‐RXS‐N). NB ‐ If the USB port of an RF‐RXS receiver is connected, the 9‐way serial port is temporarily disabled until the USB port id disconnected again. Receivers are available in 4 formats:

RF‐RX20 ‐ 20 x 0‐10Vdc analogue outputs RF‐RX40 ‐ 40 x 0‐10Vdc analogue outputs RF‐RXS ‐ Serial output and USB port for use with CMS RF‐RXS‐N ‐ Option card for Tridium JACE controllers

Receiver Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected Direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 2.0dBi VSWR 2:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: +10dBm (10mW @ 50Ω) Analogue Outputs:

RF‐RX20 20 x 0‐10Vdc analogue outputs @10mA max. each RF‐RX40 40 x 0‐10Vdc analogue outputs @10mA max. each Analogue Output ranges: Temperature ‐10°C to +70°C RH 0% to +100% Setpoint 0% to +100% Switch 0Vdc = OFF, 10Vdc = ON Power Supply: 24Vac/dc Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Storage: Temperature: ‐10°C to +80°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing Country of origin: UK Refer to product datasheets for installation instructions.

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The RF‐IOM The RF‐IOM has no “intelligence”, but merely acts as local I/O with connectivity to typical HVAC equipment such as fan coil units (FCUs) and variable air volume (VAV) boxes. The RF‐IOM reads its digital and analogue inputs and transmits the values wirelessly to a BMS controller via either a SonNet V2 serial receiver or a SonNet option card receiver. The RF‐IOM receives its output values wirelessly from a BMS controller via either a SonNet V2 serial receiver or a SonNet option card receiver. Additionally, the RF‐IOM has full router functionality. Typically, a simple system will consist of;

Battery powered EDs

Powered routers (if required)

SonNet V2 serial receiver or a SonNet option card receiver

RF‐IOMs The EDs (and routers, where applicable) operate in the normal way. Data from the receiver is made available to the controller via a serial link. The SonNet data points are then used by the controller as part of a control strategy, which will typically calculate heating and cooling demands, damper positions etc. These calculated control values will then be passed back to the receiver via the serial link and passed from the receiver over the wireless network to the RF‐IOM. The RF‐IOM outputs are defined as points in the JACE so that their values can be set by the control strategy via the receiver. Note that the RF‐IOM cannot be used with the RF‐RX20 or RF‐RX40 receivers. RF‐IOM Specification: Radio Output: Frequency 2.4GHz 16 channels, automatically selected Direct‐sequence spread spectrum Compliance IEEE 802.15.4‐2006 Aerial Characteristics: Gain 2.0dBi VSWR 2:1 Data Encryption: AES 128 Power Output: +10dBm (10mW @ 50Ω) Power Supply: 24Vac/dc Inputs: 4 x universal inputs; 4‐20mA (loop or externally powered), into 750Ω maximum impedance 0‐10Vdc, into 4k7Ω minimum impedance Resistive, 1.5kΩ min to 60kΩ max Digital, VFC Outputs: 4 x 0‐10Vdc linear, @ 20mA per output LED Indication: Network Data Digital input Housing: DIN Rail H86mm x W58mm x L104mm (excluding aerial) Environmental: Operating: Temperature: ‐10°C to +50°C RH: 0 to 90%, non‐condensing

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The Radio System The radio system used by the Sontay SonNet devices is divided into 3 sections or ‘layers’.

1. The radio layer is where physical control of the radio signal is done. This conforms to international standard 802.15.4, and determines the frequency of the radio signals, the number of ‘channels’ available for use, the bandwidth and power level of the signal etc. There are 16 channels available, and the best one is automatically selected by the receiver. The frequencies used are in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) 2.4GHz band, with a maximum data rate of 250kb/s. 2. The network management layer is where the self‐healing tree functionality is run, which controls network topology. ‘ZigBee’ is an example of a network management MESH protocol. SonNet does not use ZigBee, but instead uses a ‘self‐healing tree’ protocol to control network topology. 3. The application layer determines what the device does – i.e. makes it a temperature sensing device, a router or a receiver. SonNet devices use specific applications, and include features such as configuration properties.

Security All SonNet system devices have the same, unique network identifier. Only devices with the correct ID will be allowed to join the network. The ID used by system devices is different from the ID used for site survey kit (SSK) devices. Hence, SSK devices cannot join a system network and vice versa. When a SonNet system network has been formed, it can be ‘locked’ to prevent any unauthorised devices joining, even if they are SonNet devices. The CMS can be used to subsequently authorise extra SonNet system devices if required. All data transmitted by SonNet devices is encrypted. How the Self‐Healing Tree Network is Formed The network is formed based on 3 rules, and in a specific order of priority.

1. How many ‘tiers’ a device is away from the receiver. If a device can communicate directly with the receiver, it will, even if the link quality is poorer than if it went through a router. If a device has a choice of more than one router, it will always choose the router closest to the receiver (the least number of tiers away), even if the link quality is poor. 2. The number of ‘child’ devices a router already has. A RF‐IOM or router can have a maximum of 16 ‘children’. If a device has a choice of more than one router of the same tier level, it will always choose the router with the least number of children, even if the link quality is poor. 3. Signal Strength (link quality). Finally, if a device has a choice of more than one RF‐IOM or router of the same tier level and the same number of children, it will choose the router with the best link quality. If, for any reason, a device (ED, RF‐IOM or router), loses its preferred path back to the receiver, it will automatically search for an alternative – still obeying the 3 rules above in sequence. If, despite employing Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) techniques, interference on the currently occupied channel prevents communications, the receiver will automatically look for another channel which is clear. All other devices, having lost their links to the receiver, will then also automatically scan the 16 channels until they find the receiver again, and the network will re‐form without user intervention.

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Extension Aerials

When using the RF‐AERIAL‐PM2 or RF‐AERIAL‐PM5 extension aerials, it is important to observe some basic rules for siting and mounting.

1. Always ensure there is a much clear space around the aerial as possible. 2. Generally speaking, where possible mount the aerial as high as possible on the same floor as the

routers and EDs 3. Don’t mount between metal surfaces (for example steel I‐beams) in ceiling spaces 4. Wherever possible, mount the aerial on a metal ground plane (such as the top of a metal panel)

5. The coaxial cable used for the RF‐AERIAL‐PM2 or RF‐AERIAL‐PM5 extension aerials is semi‐rigid and should not be bent at too sharp an angle or too tight a radius. It is recommended that the minimum bending radius is 5cms

6. Always mount the aerial vertically. This produces the optimum radiation pattern and signal strength 7. Extension aerials can be used with receivers and RF‐IOM modules. 8. Aerial extensions should not exceed 5m to prevent excessive loss of signal.

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FAQs

a. How is access to the sensor network locked at the CMS? Nodes are only allowed to join the network if the receiver allows them to. This is true even if the nodes are identified as SonNet Nodes and have the correct encryption key. There are two methods to configuring the receiver to accept nodes on to the network. In order to authorise a node the CMS must be in administration mode (File‐>Switch Admin Mode must be ticked).

• Auto Commissioning Mode The CMS allows the receiver to be switched to auto commissioning mode. In this mode any nodes that can correctly identify themselves as SonNet nodes will be allowed to join the network. Any nodes that do join will be added to the CMS textual display.

• Manual Mode In manual mode individual nodes can be removed from or added to the authorised node list from the CMS. Manual mode is the default mode.

A node can then be authorised by Options‐>Authorise (add) a new node or selecting the same option on the right click menu in the Textual or Graphical parts of the application display. The user must type the MAC address (found on the PCB or product housing) of the new node into the dialog that appears and can also give the node a textual name (up to 10 characters)

b. Why do some menu items disappear if the CMS application is idle for some time? The CMS has a timeout that operates when in Admin mode. If there is no activity for some time the CMS application will exit admin mode and some admin menu items will be disabled or removed. The timeout can be set in Options‐> Change Idle Time. Admin mode can be entered again in File‐>Switch Admin Mode

c. The CMS application right click menu has stopped being provided. Why? This probably means that the CMS has detected that the receiver has been disconnected from the PC. This will be indicated on the status bar at the bottom left side of the CMS application window "Receiver Disconnected". In this state many of the CMS facilities are disabled until the Receiver is connected again.

d. How are the network node names stored, are they persistent? The node names are stored in the receiver’s non‐volatile memory. Therefore these will be the same even if a different PC is attached to the system, or the receiver is reset or power cycled.

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e. In the CMS application, what is an “Unknown” node? The application will list all nodes that have been added to the system as unknown initially. As soon as a node is added (either manually or by the use of auto commissioning mode) a request is sent to it to establish what type of node it is and what capabilities it has. As a result a node will be categorized as unknown until a response is received from it. If the node remains off‐line or does not respond for any other reason it will remain in this category. The CMS will send a request each time it is started if there are still unknown nodes in the system.

f. What are the ranges of the RF‐RX20 and RF‐RX40 receiver 0‐10Vdc outputs? Temperature ‐10°C to +70°C RH 0% to +100% Setpoint 0% to +100% Switch

0Vdc = OFF (False) 10Vdc = ON (True)

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VFC 0Vdc = OFF (False) 10Vdc = ON (True)

PIR 0Vdc = Unoccupied (False) 10Vdc = Occupied (True)

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Assert Seriaparameters Assert Optcommunica(COM3) Assert Optcommunica(COM4)

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command reqreceiver runtie – This commre Version – Tthe result as pse Node – Thiswhen auto coa – This commnnel – This co

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on Menus

ommand detesioning modever will find thout having ter will not finthout having tmunications –XS receiver ot1 Communters for the R

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ing Mode – Thning Mode – Tommand is ug)

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of 83

ermines whethe nodes alreadto put the recd nodes alreato put the recThis comman

nications – TF‐RXS‐N optio

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ceiver runtime

s the receiverd gets the ma

e‐authorises ais off) s all data, excs the current

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Router A

i.

ii. iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

xi.

Action Menu

Ping – This update the Get RuntimeGet Softwarand stores tDe‐authorisOnly works Get All Dat“parent” proGet Parent parent Get Sensor C

a. Hab. Hac. Had. Hae. Mef. Sig

beig. Sig

trah. Sig

traSet MeasurmeasuremeSet Significaresults in thSet Significavalue being Set Significameasured v

command reqrouter’s runtie – This commre Version – Tthe result as pse Node – Thiwhen auto cota – This comoperty LQI – This co

Configurations Temp – Whes RH – Wheths Setpoint – Ws Switch – Wheas Interval – g Temp – Theing transmitteg RH – The nsmitted immg Setpoint – Thnsmitted immrement Interent values [Limant Temperate measured vant RH – This transmitted iant Setpoint –value being tra

quests the rome field mand requestsThis commandproperties s command dommissioning mmand refres

ommand gets

n – This commether the nodher the node hWhether the nhether the nodThe time betwe significant ced immediatesignificant chmediately he significant mediately val – This cmits: 10 to 900ture – This covalue being tracommand setmmediately [– This commanansmitted imm

of 83

outer runtime

s the router’s d gets the ma

de‐authorises is off) shes all the d

radio link str

mand requestsde has a temphas an RH sennode has a setde has a momween transmihange in temly hange in RH

change in set

ommand set0 seconds] ommand setsansmitted immts the significa[Limits: 3% to nd sets the sigmediately [Lim

, as a method

runtime and ajor and mino

and removes

data specific

rength (LQI =

the followingerature sensosor fitted tpoint adjustmmentary switchssion of meas

mperature wh

which resul

point which r

ts the norma

s the significamediately [Limant change in10%] gnificant chanmits: 1% to 25

d on checking

updates the ror versions of

s the router fr

to the select

Link Quality

g configuratioor fitted

ment pot fittedh fitted surement valuich results in

ts in the me

esults in the m

al time betw

ant change inmits: 0.1°C to RH which res

nge in setpoin5%]

g comms, but

runtime field f the router f

rom the netw

ted router, e

Index) to the

n properties;

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measured valu

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nt which resul

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ts in the

xii.

xiii.

xiv.

xv.

xvi.

RF‐IOM

i.

ii. iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

xi.

Set CO2 Autsensor elemhours, the calibrate theSet CO2 MaEnsure ambSet CO2 Signmeasured v= 400ppm] Set PIR Off detects no seconds] Clear VFC CPoint on pag

M Action Menu

Ping – This update the Get RuntimeGet Softwarand stores tDe‐authorisOnly works Get All Dat“parent” proGet Input CconfiguratioGet OutputconfiguratioSet Input configuratioSet OutputconfiguratioGet Child Noparent Get Parent parent

to Calibrationment. Over a plowest level e sensor outpanual Calibratbient CO2 is atnificant Setpovalue being tra

Delay – This coccupancy. [

Count – This cge 66.

u

command reqRF‐IOM’s runte – This commre Version – Tthe result as pse Node – Thiswhen auto cota – This comoperty Configurationon Configuratioon Configurationon Configuratioon ode List – This

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– This commperiod of 24 h(which is ass

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command set[Limits: 10 se

ommand clea

quests the RFtime field mand requestsThis commandproperties s command dommissioning mmand refres

– This comm

n – This com

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on – This co

s command ge

ommand gets

of 83

and enables ahours, the sensumed to be m. ommand perfore performinmmand sets thmediately [Lim

ts the off delaeconds to 30

ars the VFC in

‐IOM runtime

s the RF‐IOM’d gets the ma

e‐authorises is off) shes all the d

mand refresh

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s runtime andajor and mino

and removes

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hes all the d

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ds any chang

strength (LQI

rength (LQI =

seline calibratecords CO2 levriod of no oc

ual calibrationand. change in CO

m to 800ppm, 2

rts counting wsecond steps

See also The

d on checking

d updates the r versions of t

the RF‐IOM f

to the select

ata specific t

ata specific to

ges made to

ges made to

= Link Quality

Link Quality

tion (ABC) for vels, and oncccupancy) is

n of the CO2

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VFC Activatio

g comms, but

e runtime fieldthe RF‐IOM f

from the netw

ted router, e

to the RF‐IO

o the RF‐IOM

o the RF‐IOM

the RF‐IOM

y Index) to the

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the CO2 e per 24 used to

2 sensor.

ts in the , default

element ult = 30

on count

t doesn’t

d irmware

work (NB

xcluding

M input

M output

M input

output

e node’s

e node’s

Sensor A

i.

ii. iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

Action Menu

Ping – This update the Get RuntimeGet Softwarstores the reDe‐authoriscommissionGet All Dataproperty Get Sensor C

a. Hab. Hac. Had. Hae. Mef. Sig

beig. Sig

trah. Sig

traSet MeasurmeasuremeSet Significaresults in thSet Significavalue being Set Significameasured v

command rerouter’s runtie – This commre Version – Tesult as propese Node – Thisning is off) a – This comm

Configurations Temp – Whes RH – Wheths Setpoint – Ws Switch – Wheas Interval – g Temp – Theing transmitteg RH – The nsmitted immg Setpoint – Thnsmitted immrement Interent values [Limant Temperate measured vant RH – This transmitted iant Setpoint –value being tra

equests the Eme field mand requestsThis commanderties s command d

mand refreshe

n – This commether the nodher the node hWhether the nhether the nodThe time betwe significant ced immediatesignificant chmediately he significant mediately val – This cmits: 10 to 900ture – This covalue being tracommand setmmediately [– This commanansmitted imm

of 83

D’s runtime,

s the ED’s rund gets the ma

e‐authorises

es all the data

mand requestsde has a temphas an RH sennode has a setde has a momween transmihange in temly hange in RH

change in set

ommand set0 seconds] ommand setsansmitted immts the significa[Limits: 3% to nd sets the sigmediately [Lim

as a method

ntime and updajor and mino

and removes

a specific to th

the followingerature sensosor fitted tpoint adjustmmentary switchssion of meas

mperature wh

which resul

point which r

ts the norma

s the significamediately [Limant change in10%] gnificant chanmits: 1% to 25

on checking

dates the runtr version of th

the ED (NB O

he selected ED

g configuratioor fitted

ment pot fittedh fitted surement valuich results in

ts in the me

esults in the m

al time betw

ant change inmits: 0.1°C to RH which res

nge in setpoin5%]

g comms, but

time field he ED’s firmw

Only works wh

D, excluding “

n properties;

d

ues the measure

easured valu

measured valu

ween transmis

n temperatur1.0°C] sults in the m

nt which resul

doesn’t

ware and

hen auto

“parent”

ed value

e being

ue being

ssion of

re which

measured

ts in the

of 83

xi. Get Battery Level – This command requests the battery status xii. Get Battery Runtime – This command requests the ED’s battery runtime xiii. Get Parent LQI – This command get link strength (LQI = Link Quality Index) to the node’s parent xiv. Set CO2 Auto Calibration – This command enables automatic baseline calibration (ABC) for the CO2

sensor element. Over a period of 24 hours, the sensor system records CO2 levels, and once per 24 hours, the lowest level (which is assumed to be during a period of no occupancy) is used to calibrate the sensor output at 400ppm.

xv. Set CO2 Manual Calibration – This command performs a manual calibration of the CO2 sensor. Ensure ambient CO2 is at 400ppm before performing this command.

xvi. Set CO2 Significant Setpoint – This command sets the significant change in CO2 which results in the measured value being transmitted immediately [Limits: 100ppm to 800ppm, 20ppm steps, default = 400ppm]

xvii. Set PIR Off Delay – This command sets the off delay, which starts counting when the PIR element detects no occupancy. [Limits: 10 seconds to 30 minutes, 10 second steps steps, default = 30 seconds]

xviii. Clear VFC Count – This command clears the VFC input counter. See also The VFC Activation count Point on page 66.

Managi Require

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The VFC Activation Count Point The VFC Activation Count Point can be used as a “backup” to count VFC input True state activations, in the event that the ED or router can carry on counting input pulse even if the ED or router goes offline. When the ED or router comes back online, the VFC counts totalled in strategy can be compared with the total held in the VFC Activation Count Point, to be sure no pulses have been missed while the ED or router has been offline. The total held in the VFC Activation Count Point can be reset to 0 (see pages 53 and 55). To make changes to the EDs Config properties, refer to the Sensor Actions Menu on page 54.

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Commissioning Multiple Networks on the Same Site It is quite a common requirement to need to commission several SonNet networks on the same site, for example one per floor in a multi‐storey building. To avoid the possibility of SonNet wireless nodes intended for one network appearing on another, 2 commissioning methods are available. Method 1: Pre‐commission each network away from site. This entails adding routers and EDs in the normal way to a receiver.

If using an RF‐RXS, this can be done either by using CMS or with the receiver connected to the RS‐232 port of a JACE.

If using an RF‐RXS‐N, this can only be done with the receiver connected to a JACE option card slot.

1. Using Niagara AX or a web browser, set System Lock property to TRUE 2. Place the receiver into auto‐commissioning mode and power up all routers and EDs required on the

receiver’s network to join. 3. When all devices have joined the network, take the receiver out of auto‐commissioning mode. 4. Perform a “get all data” request on all devices 5. Power off all routers and EDs associated with the receiver 6. Power off the receiver 7. Repeat this process for each receiver/network 8. Take all SonNet devices to site and install 9. Power up each receiver in turn together with its associated routers and EDs, and using Niagara AX or a

web browser set the System lock property for each network to FALSE 10. All pre‐configured routers and EDs will join their respective receivers without the need to place any

receiver into auto‐commissioning mode on site. Method 2: Commission each network individually on site. This entails adding routers and EDs in the normal way to a receiver.

If using an RF‐RXS, this can be done either by using CMS or with the receiver connected to the RS‐232 port of a JACE.

If using an RF‐RXS‐N, this can only be done with the receiver connected to a JACE option card slot.

1. Using Niagara AX or a web browser, set System Lock to property FALSE 2. Place only one receiver at a time into auto‐commissioning mode and power up all routers and EDs

required on the receiver’s network to join. 3. When all devices have joined the network, take the receiver out of auto‐commissioning mode. 4. Perform a “get all data” request on all devices NB It is important to ensure all receivers NOT being commissioned have auto‐commissioning disabled. Nodes which are already commissioned to an existing network must have reliable communications to that network to prevent them looking for other networks to join. Ensure all nodes on a commissioned network have a good link quality index (LQI) to their parents. In extreme cases, it may be prudent to temporarily power off “vulnerable” nodes while commissioning another network nearby.

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Commissioning a SonNet System: A Step‐By‐Step Guide (CMS Method)

1. Mount the receiver using the DIN carrier clip. NB ‐ it is extremely important that if the receiver is to be mounted in an enclosed panel (metal or plastic) that an external aerial extension is used. Two are available from Sontay, a 2 metre version RF‐AERIAL‐PM2 and a 5 metre version RF‐AERIAL‐PM5 (see page 18). If the aerial is to be mounted on top of the receiver panel, the extension bulk head jack should be mounted through a hole (preferably on the top of the panel) and secured in place with the star washer and hex nut. If the aerial is to be mounted remotely, the extension lead should be passed through a protective cable gland on the panel. The connector on the other end of the extension should be screwed hand tight onto the aerial connector located on the receiver PCB. Do NOT over tighten.

2. Fit the receiver aerial to the receiver PCB mounted connector, or if using an aerial extension, to the bulk head jack connector.

3. Ensure, where possible, that the receiver aerial is aligned vertically, and as far away from obstructions as possible.

4. Ensure that the receiver power supply polarity is correct if using a 24Vdc supply. 5. Mount all routers in their appropriate positions, as determined by the site survey. Ensure that the

power supply polarity is correct if using a 24Vdc supply. 6. Ensure, where possible, that the router aerials are aligned vertically, and as far away from

obstructions as possible. 7. Do NOT switch on the router(s) until all SonNet devices are installed and ready for commissioning. 8. NB ‐ RF‐IOMs have router functionality. Mount all RF‐IOMs in their appropriate positions, as

determined by the site survey. Ensure that the power supply polarity is correct if using a 24Vdc supply.

9. Ensure, where possible, that the RF‐IOM aerials are aligned vertically, and as far away from obstructions as possible.

10. Do NOT switch on the RF‐IOM(s) until all SonNet devices are installed and ready for commissioning. 11. Mount all end devices (EDs) in their appropriate positions.

a. Ensure that each space housing ED is mounted with the tamperproof screw at the bottom. This ensures the integral PCB aerial is in the correct alignment.

b. Ensure that each plant housing ED is mounted with the aerials aligned vertically, and as far away from obstructions as possible.

12. Do NOT switch on EDs until the receiver and ALL routers are installed and commissioned. 13. Connect the receiver’s USB connector to a laptop or PC with CMS installed. 14. Switch on the receiver. If this is the first time the receiver has been commissioned, note that the

red LED near the reset button is flashing. This indicates that the receiver has no child devices on the network.

15. If required, install the 2 drivers required for CMS (see page 25). Windows 7 64‐bit users, please see page 21

16. Start CMS by double‐clicking the desktop icon. Select the required com port (see page 26). Log on at admin level (see page 29).

17. If required, add a background image to CMS map display (see page 42). 18. Using CMS, ensure that the receiver appears in the hierarchical display. Add to the map display by

drag‐and‐drop. 19. Place the receiver in auto‐commissioning mode (see page 30). 20. Referencing the site survey plans, switch on all the routers and RF‐IOMs using the PCB jumper,

starting with those closest to the receiver (i.e. “layer 1”). Carry on with the next layers of routers and RF‐IOMs until all routers and RF‐IOMs are switched on.

21. Using CMS, ensure that all the routers appear in the hierarchical display. a. Note that initially, the routers and RF‐IOMs will be shown in the “Unknown” category in

the hierarchical display. This is normal. b. Ensure that each router moves to the “Router” category in the hierarchical display.

Depending on the number of devices on the network, this may take a couple of minutes.

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c. Ensure that each RF‐IOM moves to the “RF‐IOMs” category in the hierarchical display. Depending on the number of devices on the network, this may take a couple of minutes.

22. Add all routers and RF‐IOMs to the map display by drag‐and‐drop. Note that if a device is shown in blue in the hierarchical display, it has NOT been added to the map display. This is a quick way to see which have yet to be added to the map display. Ensure all are shown as on‐line. Note that the radio network links are displayed on the map display. Ensure all links are depicted in green (good link quality) and note the LQIs (see page 45).

a. If any routers or RF‐IOMs don’t show as on‐line or are not in the “Router” or “RF‐IOMs” categories in the hierarchical display, check that the PCB fuse is intact (0Ω on a multimeter) and that the correct power supply is present.

b. If any router’s or RF‐IOM’s link is shown in red, check for obstructions between it and its parent, check to see that the aerial is fitted and is vertical.

23. In the hierarchical display, right‐click on each router and RF‐IOM and select “Refresh Node Information” from the menu. This will cause the router or RF‐IOM to transmit not only its measurements, but also all its configuration data as well. NB ‐ This extra data is NOT normally transmitted, but must be requested using CMS. Where hours run is shown in italics, this denotes that a request for data has been sent to a device, but the device has not yet responded.

24. Referencing the site survey plans, switch on all the EDs by fitting the power jumper and remount into the housing (for space housing devices).

a. If this is the first time the ED has been switched on (or after replacing an EDs battery), hold down the reset button on the ED’s PCB while powering up by fitting the power jumper. This resets the battery hours run to 0.

25. Using CMS, ensure that all the EDs appear in the hierarchical display. a. Note that initially, the EDs will be shown in the “Unknown” category in the hierarchical

display. This is normal. b. Ensure that each ED moves to the “Sensor” category in the hierarchical display.

Depending on the number of devices on the network, this may take several minutes. 26. When all EDs have joined the network ‐ even if still shown in the “Unknown” category ‐ use CMS to

disable auto‐commissioning mode. NB ‐ this is very important, as trying to change configuration properties while in auto‐commissioning mode may cause network errors.

27. Add all EDs to the map display by drag‐and‐drop. Note that if a device is shown in blue in the hierarchical display, it has NOT been added to the map display. This is a quick way to see which have yet to be added to the map display. Ensure all are shown as on‐line. Note that the radio network links are displayed on the map display. Ensure all links are depicted in green and note the LQIs.

a. If any EDs don’t show as on‐line or are not in the “Sensor” category in the hierarchical display, check that the correct battery is fitted, observing polarity.

b. If any EDs link is shown in red, check for obstructions between it and its parent, check to see that the aerial is fitted and is vertical (for plant housing EDs) or that the housing is mounted correctly (for space housing EDs).

28. In the hierarchical display, right‐click on each ED and select “Refresh Node Information” from the menu. This will cause the ED to transmit not only its measurements, but also its hours run and battery hours run data as well. NB ‐ This extra data is NOT normally transmitted, but must be requested using CMS. Where hours run and battery level are shown in italics, this denotes that a request for data has been sent to a device, but the device has not yet responded.

29. When the installed network is finally formed, briefly press the receiver reset button and ensure the network reforms properly. This may take several minutes, depending on the number of network devices.

30. When the network topology has been verified and all devices are working correctly, user configuration can begin (see pages 36 ‐ 39).

31. Map all receiver analogue outputs needed to the required device measurements (see page 33). 32. When configuration is complete, save the map display layout (see page 49). 33. Generate a report of the completed network to document it for future reference (see page 50).

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Best Practise Points:

1. Always conduct a site survey, and ensure that if you plan to use an external extension aerial on the system receiver (for example, if the receiver is to be in a metal panel), you use the same external extension aerial on the SSK receiver for the survey. Document the survey thoroughly, and leave a copy on site.

2. When planning where routers and RF‐IOMs are going to be needed, plan for “redundancy”, i.e. what happens to all the EDs connected to a router if the router fails? Backup routers are worth considering. See pages 14 ‐ 15.

3. Don’t switch on EDs until they’re ready to be commissioned. If they’re powered on without a parent in range, they will eventually sleep to preserve battery life, only “waking” occasionally to scan for a parent. This may slow commissioning down. If an ED has been powered up for more than 20 minutes without a parent, power‐cycle it. Pressing the reset button on an ED DOESN’T reset the ED, it only resets the battery hours run time.

4. Generally speaking, wireless works best in a horizontal plane, so expect reduced signal strength if he receiver is on a different floor to the routers/RF‐IOMs/EDs. A good rule of thumb is have the receiver on the same floor as its children, though this isn’t always the case.

5. 2.4GHz wireless signals don’t go through metal! Plan to circumvent metal obstructions where possible.

6. If the installation environment is one where obstructions are likely to change regularly (in a warehouse, for example!), try to conduct the site survey under a “worst‐case” scenario ‐ i.e. assume that at some point, there’s going to be an obstruction between the ED/router/RF‐IOM and its parent at some time. Simulate it, if possible.

7. When commissioning the installed system, turn the receiver on first, then all the routers and RF‐IOMs ‐ starting with “layer” nearest the receiver and working outwards. It’s worthwhile checking all the routers are OK in CMS before finally powering up the EDs.

8. When EDs first join a network, values such as hours run and battery hours run will not be displayed ‐ the values are shown as question marks. This is normal, these values need to be requested from the device (right‐click on device and select “Refresh Node Information”).

9. Remember that when a receiver scans all 16 channels for the best one, the channel chosen is the best where the receiver is. On “long” networks with several “layers” of routers, the channel chosen by the receiver may not always be the quietest at the far end of the network. When the installed network is finally formed, press the receiver reset button and ensure the network reforms properly. This will ensure that, in the event that the receiver needs to change channels (for example), it will work seamlessly.

10. As each network is commissioned, save the layout ‐ even if there isn’t a background graphic loaded. This is a good aid to quickly viewing network topology.

11. Document each network! In CMS, right‐click on the receiver in the hierarchical display and select “Print Preview” from the menu and print (to paper or a file, such as .PDF) the preview document. This gives a reference to call on at a later date if required.

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Trouble‐Shooter’s Guide

System ED

Symptom Cause Actions

No connectivity to receiver

ED has not been authorized to the receiver

Manually authorize ED to receiver or use auto‐commissioning

No radio connection Check aerial on receiver

Receiver not switched on Switch receiver on

ED not switched on Switch ED on

Incorrect battery polarity Check battery polarity

Flat ED battery Change ED battery

After switching on, if an ED cannot join a network after

about 20 minutes, it will go into "sleep" mode to preserve battery life, only waking

occasionally

Power‐cycle the ED (switch it OFF and back ON) after ensuring all routers and the receiver are powered, and the routers have successfully joined the

network

ED appears in "Unknown" category in CMS when

commissioning

ED has joined network but has yet to pass configuration data

to the receiver None ‐ normal operation

ED stays in "Unknown" category in CMS when commissioning for

more than 30 minutes ED hardware error

Check ED options fitted (SP pot, thermistor, RH&T element)

In CMS, ED doesn't show hours run, firmware version, battery hours run or last update time

Normal. To help preserve battery life, an ED doesn't send this information unless it is

requested

Request information using the "Refresh Node Information" method

ED connects directly to the receiver, even though there's a

router between them

Normal. An ED will ALWAYS join a network using the least number of "hops" to the

receiver.

None ‐ normal operation. The ED will re‐join the network via the router if it loses its direct path to the receiver

Only 12 EDs connect directly to my receiver

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected EDs a receiver will allow is 12

If there are more than 12 EDs, at least one router must be used

Only 8 EDs connect directly to my router

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected EDs a

router will allow is 8

If there are more than 8 EDs, at least one additional router must be added

I replaced the battery in my ED, but the battery hours run doesn't show as having been reset in CMS

Normal. Updated ED information hasn’t been

requested

Request information using the "Refresh Node Information" method

The battery hours run reset procedure wasn't carried out when the battery was replaced

Power OFF the ED, press and hold the PCB button near the battery WHILE

powering the ED ON

My ED was switched on in error before the receiver and routers, but hasn't joined the network

After switching on, if an ED cannot join a network after

about 20 minutes, it will go into "sleep" mode to preserve battery life, only waking

occasionally

Power‐cycle the ED (switch it OFF and back ON) after ensuring all routers and the receiver are powered, and the routers have successfully joined the

network

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System Router



Router has not been authorized to the receiver

Manually authorize router to receiver or use auto‐commissioning


Check aerial on router


Router not switched on Switch router on

Incorrect supply polarity Check supply polarity

Router fuse Check router fuse is OK, replace if

necessary

Router appears in "Unknown" category in CMS when

commissioning

Router has joined network but has yet to pass configuration

data to the receiver None ‐ normal operation

Router stays in "Unknown" category in CMS when

commissioning for more than 3 minutes

Router hardware error Check router options fitted (thermistor,

RH&T element)

Router connects directly to the receiver, even though there's a

router between them

Normal. An router will ALWAYS join a network using the least number of "hops" to the

receiver.

None ‐ normal operation. The router will re‐join the network via the other router if it loses its direct path to the

receiver

Only 4 routers connect directly to my receiver

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected routers a receiver will allow is 4, if there are 12 directly connected EDs

None ‐ normal operation

Only 8 routers connect directly to my router

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected routers a router will allow is 8 if there are

8 directly connected EDs


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RF‐IOM



RF‐IOM has not been authorized to the receiver

Manually authorize RF‐IOM to receiver or use auto‐commissioning


Check aerial on RF‐IOM


RF‐IOM not switched on Switch RF‐IOM on

Incorrect supply polarity Check supply polarity

RF‐IOM fuse Check RF‐IOM fuse is OK, replace if

necessary

RF‐IOM appears in "Unknown" category in CMS when

commissioning

RF‐IOM has joined network but has yet to pass configuration

data to the receiver None ‐ normal operation

RF‐IOM stays in "Unknown" category in CMS when

commissioning for more than 3 minutes

RF‐IOM hardware error Check RF‐IOM

RF‐IOM connects directly to the receiver, even though there's a

RF‐IOM between them

Normal. An RF‐IOM will ALWAYS join a network using the least number of "hops" to

the receiver.

None ‐ normal operation. The RF‐IOM will re‐join the network via the other RF‐IOM or router if it loses its direct

path to the receiver

Only 4 RF‐IOMs connect directly to my receiver

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected RF‐IOMs a receiver will allow is 4, if there are 12 directly connected EDs

At least one more RF‐IOM or router must be added

Only 8 RF‐IOMs connect directly to my router

Normal. The maximum number of directly connected RF‐IOMs a RF‐IOM or router will allow is 8 if there are 8 directly connected

EDs

At least one more RF‐IOM or router must be added

Input LED flashing

Normal. This denotes that the input has been set up and a VFC digital input, but is in the OFF

state.


Input LED ON

Normal. This denotes that the input has been set up and a VFC digital input, but is in the ON

state.


Input type changed but the change is not shown in CMS

RF‐IOM not reset after change has been made.

Press the reset button on the RF‐IOM

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System Receiver


LED D603 flashing once per second

The receiver has found no children on the network

Check aerial and extension co‐ax (if fitted)

If commissioning a network, ensure the receiver is in auto‐commissioning mode, or manually authorize new

devices

Ensure network devices are switched on and in range

LED D603 on receiver not lit at all

No power to receiver Check power to receiver

Receiver not switched on Switch on receiver

Receiver fuse

Check power supply polarity if using a DC supply

Check receiver fuse is OK, replace if necessary

No analogue output voltages Output(s) not mapped Map analogue outputs with CMS

LED D604 flashing occasionally Reception of network data None ‐ normal operation

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CMS


CMS doesn't start

No receiver connected to PC Connect receiver to PC using USB cable


Drivers not installed Install drivers

Another instance of CMS is already running on the PC

Only one instance of CMS can run at a time

Some menu items are greyed out

Not logged in as admin Log in at admin level

Admin level timed out Log in at admin level

Auto‐commissioning mode is enabled.

Disable auto‐commissioning mode

Map display not visible Graphical display not selected Select graphical display

Text display not visible Text display not selected Select text display

Device in Sensor tree is shown in blue

Device not on map display Drag‐and‐drop onto map display

Device in Router tree is shown in blue

Device not on map display Drag‐and‐drop onto map display

Links in map display are not in colour

Not logged in as admin Log in at admin level

When reconnecting to a receiver, device values don't appear

immediately Normal

Wait for devices to report latest values to the receiver

When first commissioned, ED parameter values such as hours

run are shown as "?" Normal

Request extra information using the "Refresh Node Information" method

After changing a battery, an EDs battery hours run value hasn't

changed Normal

Request extra information using the "Refresh Node Information" method

When I request node information, the data doesn't come back

immediately

Normal ‐ an ED will only send this data the next time it wakes

Wait for devices to report latest values to the receiver

Device didn't accept label change and turned red in the map display

Tried to change label while in auto‐commissioning mode

Disable auto‐commissioning mode. Wait for device to return to normal, or

power cycle

Device didn't accept transmit time change

Tried to change label while in auto‐commissioning mode

Disable auto‐commissioning mode. Wait for device to return to normal, or

power cycle

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System Receiver RF‐RXS‐N


Network LED flashing once per second




devices


LEDs on receiver not lit at all No power to receiver Check power to JACE

No communications SonNet driver configured for

wrong JACE slot Configure SonNet driver for correct slot

(see page 51)

Data LED flashing occasionally Reception of network data None ‐ normal operation

System Receiver RF‐RXS


Network LED flashing once per second




devices


LEDs on receiver not lit at all

No power to receiver Check power to receiver


Receiver fuse

Check power supply polarity if using a DC supply

Check receiver fuse is OK, replace if necessary

No communications via RS‐232 port

USB port connected to PC Disconnect USB

Data LED flashing occasionally Reception of network data None ‐ normal operation

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Estimating Network Coverage in the Absence of a Site Survey The theoretical transmission distance that can be achieved between two wireless devices can be calculated from a few “key” parameters;

Transmission power of device. This is the wireless device's transmission power and is typically measured in dBm. With greater transmission power, greater distances can be achieved.

Receiver sensitivity of device. This is the wireless device's receiver sensitivity and is typically measured in dBm. With greater receiver sensitivity, the device is able to receive weaker signals, which means greater distances can be supported

Antenna gain. The gain for an antenna is typically measured in dBi and basically indicates how much the signal is boosted by the antenna.

Frequency. The frequency is typically measured in MHz or GHz and indicates which electromagnetic band is used for wireless communication.

The formula for calculating the theoretical transmission distance is based on the Friis Transmission Equation for free space loss. The Friis Transmission Equation can be modified to give range, as follows:

10 /

41.88 ∗

where: r = range in km Pt = Transmit power (dBm) Pr = receiver gain (dBm) Gt = transmitter aerial gain (dBi) Gr = receiver aerial gain (dBi) f = frequency (MHz)

SonNet Routers, RF‐IOMs and Receivers

Frequency 2400 MHz

Tx power 10 dBm

Tx antenna gain 3 dBi

Rx antenna gain 3 dBi

Rx sensitivity ‐102 dBm

Theoretical Range (km) 7.9km

SonNet End Devices

Frequency 2400 MHz

Tx power 0 dBm

Tx antenna gain 1.2 dBi

Rx antenna gain 1.2 dBi

Rx sensitivity ‐96 dBm

Theoretical Range (km) 0.8km

Note that this gives the theoretical transmission distance that can be achieved. Certainly, there are likely to be significant differences between the theoretical transmission distance and the actual results in the field, as these calculations are based on an unobstructed line‐of‐sight signal with no electronic interference.

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However, the real world presents many variables that result in less “ideal” wireless performance, such as building obstructions and reflected signals. Therefore, it is always preferable to conduct a thorough site survey in order to determine what is actually happening to the wireless signals in the field. Before conducting a site survey, however, it may be helpful to evaluate the different options available for the wireless hardware. The formula provides a straightforward way to perform this evaluation and whether the desired transmission distance it can be achieved and so make an informed decision when selecting SonNet devices for different wireless applications. Attenuation Properties of Common Building Materials

Building Material 2.4 GHz Attenuation

Solid Wood Door 4.5cm 6 dB

Hollow Wood Door 4.5cm 4 dB

Interior Office Door w/Window 4.5cm /1.3cm 4 dB

Steel Fire/Exit Door 4.5cm 13 dB

Steel Fire/Exit Door 6.4cm 19 dB

Steel Rollup Door 3.8cm 11 dB

Brick 8.9cm 6 dB

Concrete Wall 45.7cm 18 dB

Cubical Wall (Fabric) 5.7m 18 dB

Exterior Concrete Wall 6.4cm 53 dB

Glass Divider 1.3cm 12 dB

Interior Hollow Wall 10.2cm 5 dB

Interior Hollow Wall 15.2cm 9 dB

Interior Solid Wall 12.7cm 14 dB

Marble 5.1cm 6 dB

Bullet‐Proof Glass 2.5cm 10 dB

Exterior Double Pane Coated Glass 2.5cm 13 dB

Exterior Single Pane Window 1.3cm 7 dB

Interior Office Window 2.5cm 3 dB

Safety Glass‐Wire 0.6cm 3 dB

Safety Glass‐Wire 2.5cm 13 dB

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