radio detection and ranging (radar)
DESCRIPTION
RADAR- Radio Detection And Ranging Devise used to receives the waves, it filters and processes the received signal to produce useful information. Used in Defence...TRANSCRIPT
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Seminar on By
Tulshinarayan B. Giri T.E. Comp
Guided By Prof.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Introduction Principles of Radar TWS system of Radar Different Role & Functions of Radar Missile Guidance System of Radar Conclusion
Topics covered in this Seminar :
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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IntroductionIntroduction
Radio Detection and Ranging.
Radar
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Radio Detection and Ranging.
Radar transmits radio energy
The electromagnetic waves bounce off of objects in range and return to the radar
The radar receives the waves, and filters and processes the received signal to produce useful information
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Principles Of RadarPrinciples Of Radar
Polarization
InterferenceNoise
Clutter
Frequency Band
Radar equation
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Radar Radar equationequation
Pt = transmitter power Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna Ar = effective aperture (area) of the receiving antenna σ = radar cross section, or scattering coefficient, of the target F = pattern propagation factor Rt = distance from the transmitter to the target Rr = distance from the target to the receiver
• where R = range
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Track-While-ScanTrack-While-ScanTWSTWS
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Concept of TWSConcept of TWSA search radar that can “help” solve fire control problems.Sensor continues to perform primary function of search (scanning) and data input.Remainder of system performs target tracking function.Eliminates process of target designation from search radar to fire control radar
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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TWS: TWS: Six Basic Six Basic FunctionsFunctions
Target detectionTarget track correlation and associationTarget track initiation and track file generation (if a new target)Generation of tracking “Gates”Track gate prediction, smoothing and positioningDisplay and future target calculations
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Target Detection / Target Target Detection / Target Track Correlation and Track Correlation and
AssociationAssociationADT: Primary function is to convert radar data in to a form usable by the computer (TWS system).
Target information correlated with currently held track(s).
Track Ambiguity resolved.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
………..Radar………
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Track Initiation and Track Track Initiation and Track File GenerationFile Generation
A track file is generated in order to store the position and gate data for each track.
The generation of the track file begins with the initial storage of position data along with a code to indicate that an acquisition window has been established.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Gate GenerationGate Generation
Acquisition gate
Tracking gate
Turning gate
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TWS GatesTWS GatesAcquisition Gate
2000 yards
10 degrees
10 degrees
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TWS GatesTWS GatesTracking GateTracking Gate
1.5 degrees
1.5 degrees
120 yards
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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TWS GatesTWS Gates Turn Detection Gate
tracking gate*Dimensions of this gate are determinedby computer based on maneuverability of target.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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TWS TWS ProcessingProcessing
Acquisition Gate
Tracking Gates
Turn Detection Gate
Tracking Gates
Original Course
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Positioning and Positioning and Smoothing FunctionsSmoothing Functions
Repositioning and smoothing must be done mathematically within the TWS algorithm.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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TWS Flow DiagramTWS Flow DiagramDo
parameters matchthose from
previous scan?
Doestrack ambiguity
exist
Scanning radardetects a target
Targetpreviously in track
or acquisition
NO
Yes
NO
Yes
Generate a new track file & store data
Generate anacquisition gate
Resolveambiguity
Compute target tracking parameters
Acquisition
Track
Generate Track Gate & indicator in file
Update trackingparameters
Reposition trackgate centered onfuture position
Ready for the next radar scan information
Recompute track gate
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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TWS Radar System TWS Radar System AdvantagesAdvantages
Elimination of target designation from a search radar to a fire control radar.
Tracking information is used as a direct data input to the computation of a fire control solution.
As soon as the target is detected, a fire control solution is available without the inherent delay caused by the designation process.
Scan and Track on same system
Tracking information used for computation of a fire control solution.
Immediate Fire Control Solution
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Real World ApplicationsReal World Applications Many search radars are associated with computers for ADT, TWS becoming universal Search radarWeapons guidance
AN/SYS-2 IADT used on some missile ships
Mk 92 CAS - FFG
AN/SPQ-9 – 5” Gun
Mk 25 TAS – NATO Sea Sparrow
AEGIS C&D holds track files for AEGIS
dedicated computer
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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MK 92 Gunfire Control MK 92 Gunfire Control SystemSystem
GCS
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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MK 86 GFCS SPQ-9MK 86 GFCS SPQ-9
SPQ-9
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Radar Functions and Radar Functions and RoleRole
Detection and search radars
Threat radars
Missile guidance systems
Battlefield radar
Air Traffic Control and Navigation
Weather-sensing Radar systems
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Missile guidance Missile guidance systemssystems
Beam Rider Guidance
Command Guidance
Homing Guidance Semi-Active Homing Guidance
Active Homing Guidance
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Beam Rider GuidanceBeam Rider Guidance
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
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Command GuidanceCommand Guidance
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Homing GuidanceHoming Guidance• Semi-Active Homing GuidanceActive Homing Guidance
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ConclusionConclusionThere is number of different types of radar used in different fields for different reasons.Radar is most important in all fields of defence that is Army,Navy and Air force . It can used to detect the different objects and give its possition,to determine the weather condition,ATC ,Missile guidance and many more things.Hence Radar one of the most important electronic divice which are used in all filds for different purpose.
NDMVPS’s College of Engg, Nashik
………..Radar………
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Any QueryAny Query
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Thank youThank you
K.K.Wagh IEER, Nashik ……….Radar………