r. zapata-martieclac/cepal/cepalc1 recent lessons: emphasis on preparation measures ricardo zapata...

R. Zapata-Marti ECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC 1

Recent lessons: Emphasis Recent lessons: Emphasis on preparation measureson preparation measures

Ricardo Zapata MartíRicardo Zapata MartíFocal point for Disaster Assessments, ECLACFocal point for Disaster Assessments, ECLAC

Special session on the preparations and response to Special session on the preparations and response to disasters for the 2005 hurricane season in the Caribbeandisasters for the 2005 hurricane season in the Caribbean


Hurricane season 2004 in figuresTotal of ECLAC assessed Total of ECLAC assessed

damage and lossesdamage and losses6,0596,059 Ivan, Frances and Jeanne a/Ivan, Frances and Jeanne a/

Bahamas Bahamas 551551 Hurricanes Frances and JeanneHurricanes Frances and Jeanne

Cayman Islands Cayman Islands 3,4323,432 Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan

Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 296296 Tropical Storm JeanneTropical Storm Jeanne

Grenada Grenada 889889 Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan

Haiti Haiti 296296 Hurricane JeanneHurricane Jeanne

Jamaica Jamaica 595595 Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan

Cuba (b)Cuba (b) 1,5001,500 Hurricanes Charly and IvanHurricanes Charly and Ivan

Total (including Cuba)Total (including Cuba) 7,5597,559


Impact of 2004 Hurricane season in Impact of 2004 Hurricane season in the Caribbean (cases analyzed by the Caribbean (cases analyzed by

ECLAC)ECLAC)Hurricane season 2004. Damage distribution by

country

Hurricane IvanCayman Islands

56%

Hurricane Jeanne

Haiti5%

Hurricanes Frances and

JeanneBahamas

9%

Tropical Storm Jeanne

Dominican Republic

5%

Hurricane IvanGrenada

15%Hurricane Ivan

Jamaica10%


Relative and absolute impact of damage and Relative and absolute impact of damage and losseslosses

551 3,432 296 889 595296

183.00%

1.70%

8.00%

10.50%

212.00%

7.30%

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

HurricanesFrances

and Jeanne

HurricaneIvan

TropicalStorm

Jeanne

HurricaneIvan

HurricaneJeanne

HurricaneIvan

Bahamas CaymanIslands

DominicanRepublic

Grenada Haiti Jamaica

US $

mill

ions

1.00%

10.00%

100.00%

1000.00%

Economic Impact, US$ million Impact as % of GDP


Bahamas

Tourism28.8%

- Water and sew erage

0.9%

Public buildings1.9%

- Electricity2.3%

Telecommunications

9.7% Transport

12.5% Agriculture

11.8%

Clean up and w aste disposal

5.7%

Emergency relief0.5%

Education5.7%

Health 1.3% Housing

18.8%


Cayman IslandsCayman Islands

Housing50.50%

Emergency Assistance

0.12%

Environment0.37%

Telecommunications

2.78%

Water and Wastewater

0.20%

Road Transport6.81%

Electricity2.41%

Tourism16.16%

Commerce16.20%

Agriculture0.20%

Health0.66%

Public Buildings

1.48%Education

1.57%Ports and Airports0.55%


Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicGastos de la emergencia

0.85%

Turismo28.35%

Industria y comercio10.34% Agropecuario

24.66%

Electricidad1.20%

Transporte28.72%

Salud0.97% Educación

0.47%Medio ambiente

0.11%

Vivienda3.76%

Agua potable0.57%


HaïtiHaïtiDépenses

d'urgence et aide humanitaire

16.63%

Environnement1.20%

- Eau potable, assainissement

3.55% - Energie

0.07%

- Éducation, recréation, culture

1.91%

- Infrastructure routière et urbaine

7.84%

- Santé et services de

sécurité sociale1.62%

- Primaires (agriculture, pêche, etc.)

13.92% - Secondaire (Industrie,

assemblage, commerce, etc.)

14.26% - Logement et

ménages39.01%


JamaicaJamaica

Education and culture

2.19%

Health2.06%Public

buildings2.59%

Housing30.27%

Airports0.33%

Food processing

5.98%

Tourism4.31%

Mining2.79%

Water supply and sanitation

1.84%

Transport8.83%

Telecommunications4.16%

Emergency expenditures

0.75%

Environment7%

Electricity3.79%

Agriculture and livestock

23.18%


GrenadaGrenada

Agriculture4.18%

Wholesale and retail trade

0.46%Telecommunnicatio

ns and broadcasting

5.81%

Transport0.48%

Education 8.20%

Manufacturing 0.92%

Tourism 17.00%

Water/sew age 0.33%

Housing 57.79%

Electricity3.81%

Cable 0.54%

Health 0.46%


Damage profile in the Damage profile in the Caribbean Hurricane 2004 Caribbean Hurricane 2004

seasonseason Composition of damage and losses

Productive Sectors

35.2%

Infrastructure 15.6%

Social Sectors 47.5%

Environment

1.3%

Emergency and relief 0.4%


What does the past What does the past hurricane season shows hurricane season shows

us?us?• Uneven, diverse preparation, response and recovery capacity among countries Uneven, diverse preparation, response and recovery capacity among countries

on account of size, exposed vulnerability and level of development.on account of size, exposed vulnerability and level of development.• Weight of public information on response and solidarity and emphasis on Weight of public information on response and solidarity and emphasis on

deaths and victims instead of on damage and needs.deaths and victims instead of on damage and needs.• Relative damage and losses put in evidence the strategic weight of size, local Relative damage and losses put in evidence the strategic weight of size, local

capacity and local risk management.capacity and local risk management.• Needs change from the emergency to the definition of the recovery Needs change from the emergency to the definition of the recovery

framework : they are the object of different assements that should complement framework : they are the object of different assements that should complement each other and the recovery needs depend on the recovery strategic each other and the recovery needs depend on the recovery strategic framework that is adopted (negotiated with the affected population)framework that is adopted (negotiated with the affected population)

• Lack of appropriate and sufficient detail at the local level of scientific Lack of appropriate and sufficient detail at the local level of scientific information that leads to risk management at the local levelinformation that leads to risk management at the local level

• Need to strengthen cooperative action in prevention and response cascading Need to strengthen cooperative action in prevention and response cascading from the local community to the national, regional, wider Caribbean space and, from the local community to the national, regional, wider Caribbean space and, ultimately, to the international communityultimately, to the international community

• Ned to strengthen institutional capacities and cooperation of actors and Ned to strengthen institutional capacities and cooperation of actors and stakeholders –governments, national institutions, international, non-stakeholders –governments, national institutions, international, non-governmental and civil societygovernmental and civil society


What may be anticipated looking at the What may be anticipated looking at the 2005 hurricane season and beyond?2005 hurricane season and beyond?

• Climate variability and Climate variability and changechange

• Coordination of needs Coordination of needs assessment and assessment and coordination of coordination of responseresponse

• Cooperation, solidarity Cooperation, solidarity and transfer of riskand transfer of risk

• Needs, of an Needs, of an institutional nature and institutional nature and of resourcesof resources– At the local / national levelAt the local / national level– At the regional / At the regional /

international levelinternational level


RECORDING RECORDING AND LEARNING FROM AND LEARNING FROM

THE EXPERIENCETHE EXPERIENCE

AFTER:AFTER:•MitigationMitigation

•Recovery frameworkRecovery framework•Physical, social, environmnentalPhysical, social, environmnental

DURING:DURING:• Prompt responsePrompt response

•Coordination and cooperationCoordination and cooperation• Damage attention Damage attention and compensationand compensation

BEFORE:BEFORE:• PreventionPrevention

•Early WarningEarly Warning•EducationEducation

DISASTERDISASTERMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Changes in policy and Changes in policy and in risk management in risk management

instruments:instruments:From response to From response to

adaptation and evolutionadaptation and evolution


Elements that overlap for an Elements that overlap for an appropriate preparadenessappropriate preparadeness

Hazard mapping Hazard mapping (updating and (updating and disseminating disseminating

Scientific information)Scientific information)

Known vulnerabilitiesKnown vulnerabilities(incorporte local culture (incorporte local culture

and update and update socioeconomic socioeconomic

data)data)

Identification and Identification and ownership of riskownership of risk


Preparedness measures: a Preparedness measures: a perspective from ECLACperspective from ECLAC

• Towards an integrated framework for action and Towards an integrated framework for action and response from prevention to assistance and response from prevention to assistance and towards recovery frameworks and the inclusion of towards recovery frameworks and the inclusion of disaster and risk management in the national disaster and risk management in the national development agendas encompassing the MDGsdevelopment agendas encompassing the MDGs– What do countries need and what can the system provide: What do countries need and what can the system provide:

OCHA, UNDAC, UNDP, the UN system agencies and OCHA, UNDAC, UNDP, the UN system agencies and regional institutionsregional institutions

– Sinergies between actions and regional institutions: Sinergies between actions and regional institutions: CDERA, CEPREDENAC, AEC, CARICOM, SICA, and other CDERA, CEPREDENAC, AEC, CARICOM, SICA, and other subregional initiatives such as the Plan Puebla Panamásubregional initiatives such as the Plan Puebla Panamá

– The role of official and non government donorsThe role of official and non government donors– The role of financial institutionsThe role of financial institutions


SEQUENCING OF EFFECTS AND HOW TO IMPROVE SEQUENCING OF EFFECTS AND HOW TO IMPROVE PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS

PHENOMENON:PHENOMENON:Characteristics: Monitoring, Characteristics: Monitoring, modeling, prediction, early modeling, prediction, early warning, response planning, warning, response planning, communication, education of the communication, education of the population.population.Decentralization of actions, Decentralization of actions, monitoring and modeling at monitoring and modeling at local level, microzoning of local level, microzoning of hazard mapping and analysishazard mapping and analysis

EFFECTSEFFECTS Emergency: Upgrading, maintenance Emergency: Upgrading, maintenance and supply of shelters and care giving and supply of shelters and care giving localities. Conduct simulation exercies localities. Conduct simulation exercies in schools, at the community level, with in schools, at the community level, with those responsible for response. those responsible for response. Identification of needs: Immediate Identification of needs: Immediate assesment, mechanisms to declare assesment, mechanisms to declare emergency and disaster situations, emergency and disaster situations, communication to population and communication to population and donors. First needs assessment as lead donors. First needs assessment as lead to establishing preliminary assessment to establishing preliminary assessment of damage and lossses to define of damage and lossses to define recovery frameworkrecovery framework VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYImpact Impact

Preparation cannot eliminate phenomena but can reduce their impactPreparation cannot eliminate phenomena but can reduce their impactEarly warning knowledge and decentralized response facilitates Early warning knowledge and decentralized response facilitates coordinated prevention by stakeholderscoordinated prevention by stakeholdersAppropriate emergency management reduces immediate impact and Appropriate emergency management reduces immediate impact and damagedamageRapid identification of needs defines the scope of actions required and Rapid identification of needs defines the scope of actions required and sppeds synergies between immediate needs, appeals, quantification of sppeds synergies between immediate needs, appeals, quantification of damage and losses, and the launching of the recovery process in an damage and losses, and the launching of the recovery process in an orderly fashion, avoiding improvisation and rebuilding or aggravating orderly fashion, avoiding improvisation and rebuilding or aggravating pre-existing vulnerability.pre-existing vulnerability.

HAZARDHAZARD


Thank youThank you

• Recent courses undertaken by ECLAC to use its Recent courses undertaken by ECLAC to use its methodology:methodology:– CaymanCayman– World Bank (in Washington)World Bank (in Washington)– Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago– OECSOECS– BelizeBelize– Others, to be determined: Bahamas…Others, to be determined: Bahamas…

• ContactContact– www.eclac.cl/mexico (desastres) (desastres)– www.cepal.cl/mexico (desastres) (desastres)– [email protected]– [email protected]

http://www.eclac.cl/mexico

http://www.cepal.cl/mexico

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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