'r.

~.Men~ Hockey Wins Conference Championship

MIT'sOldest and Largest

Newspaper

The WeatherToday: Overcast, 47°F (8°C)

Tonight: Clouding up, 32°F (O°C)Tomorrow: Rainy, windy, 20°F (-7°C)

Details, Page 2

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Volume 119, Number 9 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Tuesday, March 2, 1999

EECS Head Discusses Department's Future

By Steve Hoberman'. STAFF REPORTER

teams from Harvard University,four from Boston University, and ateam from Princeton University.Overall, 233 teams competed.

"This is probably the last yearthat Chatelain and myself will behere. So it was great to end our MITcareers this way," Gelman said. "Ibelieve that the rest of the team willcontinue to return to this tournamenton an annual basis." This wasMIT's second year competing in thetournament.

Despite the stiff competition andrepeated six-hour matches, teammembers said they enjoyed the tour-nament. "The tournament was a lotof fun, perhaps one of the most fun

Chess, Page 17

Guttag, Page II

Guttag hopes to broaden EECSinterests and connections by hiringfaculty whose backgrounds andresearch interests transcend the tra-ditional boundaries between com-puter science and electrical engi-neering. "These distinctions[between electrical engineering andcomputer science] are going to bevery blurry," Guttag said .

Guttag noted that last year, forexample, the department "hired amedical doctor. .. because applica-tions in health care will becomeincreasingly important" in the fieldsof electrical engineering and com-puter science.

Officially, Guttag makes the hir-ing decisions, but unofficially, he

MIT places first among collegesThe MIT players defeated three

Internationale des Echecs [FIDE]World Champion Anatoly Karpovcompeted in last year's tournament."Our team was deep on paper butwe were all pretty rusty, so I'mhappy we pulled it off," Viloriasaid.

Five students competed in thetournament, which was held overPresidents' Day weekend inParsippany, New Jersey. TeamCaptain Geoffrey M. Gelman '99,Anthony R. Chatelain G,Soulaymane Kachani G, Viloria andPorter competed against playersranging from children to interna-tional grandmasters.

rebalanced a bit" in the favor ofcomputer science, Guttag said."There's an imbalance between theinterests of the faculty and the inter-ests of the students," and that's "amessage that will impact our hir-ing."

"The easiest thing to do wouldbe to hire faculty a lot like our cur-rent faculty members" in technicalinterests and education, he said.Instead, the department foresees hir-ing slightly more computer sciencefaculty than electrical engineeringscience faculty, but this is due partlyto a faster turnaround of MIT'scomputer science faculty. "Manymore of the younger computer sci-ence people have left [MIT] forindustry," Guttag said.

Through the hiring process,

ANNIE S. CHOI.-TllE TECH

Anna K. Benefiel '00 hosts a game show designed to make contestants Joe Clrello '01 andBernard levin '00 during the Chorallarles Concert In Bad Taste midnight Saturday in 10-250.

By Kevin R. LangASSOCIATE NEWS ED/TOR

The MIT Chess Team defeatedover two hundred teams to finishfirst among college teams and thirdoverall at the recent U.S. AmateurTeam Championship East.

Team member and U.S. ChessFederation Master Ryan W. Porter'01 was named Most ValuablePlayer for winning five matches andforcing a draw in his sixth. Secondboard John A. Viloria '00, also aUSCF Master, went undefeated andclinched MIT's victory with a winin the final round.

''I'm surprised that we tied forthird overall because USATCE'sfield big name players," Viloriasaid. He noted that Federation

MIT Chess Team Finishes Third AtNational Meet, Porter Named MVP

Professor John V. Guttag outlinedseveral changes he plans to make tointegrate the EECS department andbuild relationships with industrieswhile increasing focus on computerscience.

Guttag is working to hire five toseven new faculty members withinthe year. Guttag said that all the newfaculty will hold at least associateprofessor positions at MIT and thatsome in more senior positions.

Filling the new positions willgive Guttag the opportunity to shiftfocus onto computer science andshape the future of the EECSdepartment. "A very importantquestion is, 'what should the depart-ment do twenty years from now?'"Guttag said.

"The department needs to be

Raytheon, Page 16

tomer," he said. Burnham admittedthat this advice seems obvious, butwarned that "You can very quickly'get del inked from the externalworld" after working for years with-in a corporation. "Lead the technol-ogy, not the other way around," hesaid.

Raytheon linked to MITBurnham mentioned Raytheon's

"strong historicities" to the Institute.The late Vannevar Bush' 16 wasone of Raytheon's founders, and itwas Raytheon that built and soldMIT's radar innovations to theBritish and American governments."Let me officially thank MIT forthat," said Burnham.

Burnham also emphasized hiscompany's reliance on new blood.

By Rima ArnaoutASSOCIATE NEWS EDITOR

After five weeks as Head of theDepartment of ElectricalEngineering and Computer Science,

AGNES BORSZEKI-THE TECH

Dancer Anlruddha Knight performs In the Bala Ensemble con-cert Saturday evening In Little Kresge Theater. The show wassponsered by MITHAS and the New England Hindu Temple.

Raytheon PresidentSpeaks of Innovation

'J

'J

'..

'I

Daniel Burnham, the presidentand CEO of Raytheon Company,

'/ spoke yesterday at the IndustryLeaders in Technology andManagement Lecture Series.

Burnham's talk, entitledi(. "Achieving Prosperity through

Technology, Growth, Productivityand Culture Change," focused on

r, the importance of creating a produc-tive and innovative corporate cul-ture.

"I came here today to talk to,(.. technologists about culture," said

Burnham. He explained that the cul-ture of an organization is crucial toits success. "Business culture is not

" an oxymoron," he said. "Businessreflects the deepest biological andcultural impulses of life."

Culture is especially important ata giant like Raytheon, where manyemployees have worked for othercompanies. "Cultural component is

N vitally important, especially whenbuilding teams of people from dif-ferent organizations."

,,~ Burnham also emphasized theimportance of open mindedness."The first rule is to focus on the cus-

• f.

.4

','

Seven out of a total of 52 candi-dates running for VA officeattend yesterday's "Meet theCandidates" Study Break.

Page 8

Comics

Page 10

FEATURES

..

The Tech takes a look at, the history of MIT's

Brass Rat sinceits creation in 1930.

Page 6

World & Nation 2Opinion 4Feattures 6Sports 20

Page 2 THE TECH

WORLD & NATIONMarch 2, 1999

•

Microsoft, Justice Department w

Near Possible Settlement Deal

u.s. Aircraft Bomb Iraq InLargest Strike of Campaign

Nigerian President-Elect VowstoWork for Democracy

l.OS ANGELES TIMESABUJA. NIGERIA

Despite reports of election fraud, Nigeria's newly elected presi-dent proclaimed Monday that he will build democracy after years ofdisastrous military rule.

Olusegun Obasanjo, a 61-year-old retired general, was officiallydeclared the winner of Saturday's balloting. The IndependentNational Electoral Commission said he captured 63 percent of thevote to defeat rival Olu Falae and become Nigeria's first civilianpresident in 15 years.

Obasanjo ran Nigeria from 1976 to 1979 before voluntarily hand-ing over power to civilian rule.

Surrounded by well-wishers in a hotel room in Abuja, the capital,Obasanjo pledged to nurture democracy.

"Election is not the end of democracy," Obasanjo said. "Electionis just one important event in the process, and democracy under myown leadership will continue."

Reform Candidates WmningBig in Iran

THE WASHINGTON POSTTEHRAN. IRAN

Reformers allied with moderate President Mohammed Khatemihave won a convincing victory in Iranian municipal elections, accord-ing to preliminary results made public Monday. Analysts say the out-come should strengthen the country's budding movement towarddemocracy and assist the president's struggle against conservativeclerics.

Newspapers here reported that with 20 million of an estimated 25million votes counted from Friday's balloting, Khatemi's supportersappear to have won most council seats in cities and villages through-out the country. In Tehran, an important barometer because of its sizeand political clout, allies of the president were expected to win asmany as 12 of IS local seats.

One apparent winner in the city was Abdollah Nouri, a liberalcleric who was stripped of a Cabinet position last year in a battle withconservatives. Others headed for election included two presidentialadvisers, the sister of a newspaper editor who was jailed last year byconservative press critics and Mohammed Ibrahim Zawday, a leaderof the Iranian students who occupied the U.S. Embassy in 1979 butwho is now allied with Iran's reform movement.

Senate Majority Leader CriticizesInternational Olympic Committee

TilE WASHINGTON POSTNEW YORK

Former Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell Monday criti-cized the International Olympic Committee for a lack of opennessand ethical control and accused the organization of tolerating a cul-ture of gift-giving that is "potentially illegal and inevitably corrupt"in the third major report on the Salt Lake City Olympic scandal.

Urging reform at all levels of the Olympic movement, a five-member ethics panel led by Mitchell and appointed by the U.S.Olympic Committee recommended sweeping changes to 10C opera-tions and governance and took aim at what it called a "flourishing"culture of impropriety.

. 'The credibility of the Olympic movement has been gravely dam-aged and reform must occur," Mitchell said.

The release of the Mitchell report issued under the auspices of theworld's most influential national Olympic committee comes at a cru-cial juncture for the embattled 10C, which has suspended five mem-bers and accepted the resignations of four more tied to the scandal.

By Dana PriestTHE WASHINGTON POST

WASHINGTON

U.S. warplanes dropped morethan 30 laser-guided bombs Mondayon military targets in northern Iraq,the largest one-day strike in whathas become a low-grade air wardesigned to destroy Iraq's airdefense system while attracting asIittle attention as possible fromWashington's Arab allies.

Since President Clinton gavepilots more flexibility to attackIraq's air defense system at the endof January, allied planes enforcingU.S.-imposed no-fly zones in thenorth and south of Iraq have sub-stantially increased the number ofbombs they have dropped and haveadded to the target list, according toU.S. administration and Pentagonofficials.

"Absolutely this is an escala-tion," said one government officialwho has been briefed on the opera-tion.

Pentagon officials, who havedeclined repeatedly to give anythingbut the sketchiest details about thealmost daily attacks, have said thepilots are only responding to Iraqiattempts to shoot down the U.S. andBritish planes that patrol the no-fly

By Jube Shiver Jr.l.OS ANGELES TIMES

WASHINGTON

As the government's antitrusttrial against Microsoft Corp. entersa lengthy recess after 64 days of tes-timony, experts say the softwaregiant's near-disastrous defense hasmade the prospect of a settlementincreasingly likely.

The government and Microsoftpublicly reject any notion that theyare interested in negotiating. Butboth sides - while vowing toappeal any decision against them allthe way to the U.S. Supreme Court- are under pressure to talk as theyconfront a crucial month-and-a-halfrecess during which they will assesstheir options and prepare for thetrial's end game.

Legal experts and officials close

WEATHER

zone. The zone covers 60 percent ofthe country and is not recognized byIraq.

"We responded to attacks uponour aircraft by targeting those facili-ties that allowed the Iraqi forces toplace our pilots in jeopardy,"Defense Secretary William Cohensaid Monday when asked about anair attack over the weekend that Iraqsays interrupted the flow of oilthrough its main oil pipeline.

But senior officials acknowledgethat at times the artillery fire orradar used to target planes from theground is so far from allied pilotsthat it is not even detected by them,but only by satellites and other high-flying aircraft employed by theUnited States to monitor Iraq.

Another official said the UnitedStates has a list of air defense systemtargets, and suggested that allied air-craft are flying in the vicinity of theparticular missile launchers, radartrucks and communications relaylinks that they would like to destroy.After Iraqi forces fire anti-aircraftartillery or turn on radar to target aparticular aircraft, allied planeslaunch a strike against the target.

The United States has pursued athis low-grade aerial bombardmentsince the Desert Fox offensi ve

to the government and Microsoftsay it is in the both parties' intereststo negotiate. It seems increasingly'likely, these experts say; -that U:S.District Judge Thomas PenfieldJackson will uphold at least some ofthe government's antitrust charges- a move that could make the soft-ware giant more vulnerable to costlyprivate antitrust lawsuits that coulddrag on for years.

"This case started because thegovernment wanted more thanMicrosoft wanted to give ... butMicrosoft may be more willing totalk" now given their poor trial per-formance, said Harry First, anantitrust professor at New YorkUniversity Law School.

Even ardent Microsoft support-ers - such as University ofVirginia economist David E. Mills

against Iraq ended in Decemberbecause-it is thJ' only military courseof action that a war-weary Congress •and the Gulf Arab countries willagree to, senior officials say. "Anattack against Iraq's air defense sys- •tern is what sustains the coalition,"said one senior administration offi-cial. "These aircraft are based incountries that would be broadly sen- ..sitive" to a larger, more public waragainst Iraq.

On Jan. 26, U.S. officials _announced that U.S. warplanes nolonger had to limit their attacks tothe missile and artillery batteriesthat are targeting them or to the par- __ticular Iraqi aircraft that were dart-ing in and out of the no-fly zone."Our response need not simply beagainst the particular source of the 9

violation," explained Sandy Berger,the president's national securityadviser. "But our response as appro- _

. priate will be against any of the airdefense system that we think makesus vulnerable."

Since then, the lopsided war has •escalated considerably. Of the 86laser-guided bombs that U.S. war-planes have dropped in northernIraq since the end of Desert Fox, 66 •were dropped since Jan. 30, accord-ing to defense briefing documents

- say the company has suffered"embarrassing events" in court that

, could push .it to,the negotiating ..... table.' "It's 'always possible that

somebody will come up with an exitstrategy that will be agreeable,"Mills said, adding such an outcome ...would be preferable to a ruling thatplaces Draconian regulatory restric-tions on Microsoft .•

"I think there's going to be somekind of compromise because rightnow the cards look stacked againstMicrosoft," said Jonathan Haller, a •technology industry expert forCurrent Analyst, a Sterling, Va.,financiat consulting company.

!"They are going to have to pay afine or give competitors access totheir code and back off on theiraggressi ve industry practices" in ._order to placate the government.

Weather Marches OnGreg LawsonSTAFF METEOROf.(JGIST

There is a strong upper level cut-off low above the surface low to our north-west. The surface low has already occluded, is producing measurable precipita-tion, and is moving northeastward. The upper level cyclone's winds are strongenough to be felt here at the surface, and they are blowing favorably to havebrought some of the drier air to our southwest up into the system. This has ineffect protected us from rain this morning, whereas only a hundred miles or so toour north, west, and east they are receiving rain. Some of the cloudiness willdiminish as the day progresses.

We cannot expect to be so lucky this whole week however. After a brief peri-od of relatively clear skies due to the huge high pressure center to our southeastjust off the cast coast, a fast approaching short wave from the mid-west will clob-ber us with some precipitation Wednesday evening on into early Thursday after-noon. It may be cold enough when the precip begins to see some snow, but it willcertainly trail off into rain. The short wave shows the potential to really deepen asit crosses the US. This could mean we will receive fairly heavy rain and gustywinds. After its passage, the clouds will clear up slowly and we will be left with apleasant period beneath high pressure.

Tuesday: Overcast then clearing. Moderate westerly winds. High 47°F (8°C).Tuesday Night: Clear then clouding up. Winds shift to southerly. Low 32°F (O°C).Wednesday: Steadily increasing clouds during day. Winds pick up and shift to

southwesterly. Precipitation beginning in the evening. Perhaps snow at first but defi-nitely ending in rain, heavy at times. High 50°F (10°C). Low 38°F (3°C).

Thursday: Rain tailing off late morning/early afternoon. Clouds slowly dissipate.High in the mid 400s (6 to 8°C).

Friday Outlook: Partly cloudy. High in the mid 40s (6 to goC).

Situation for Noon Eastern Standard Time, Tuesday, March 2, 1999

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Go March 2, 1999 WORLD & NATION THE TECH Page 3

-Albright Gets ChillY,Welcome..From Chinese As Talks Start

Opposition Parties May Unite inMexican Presidential Race

LOS ANGELES TIMESMEXICO CITY

..Israel Finds its Options Limited

..In Southern Lebanon Clashes

By Bob Drogln.. LOS ANGELES TIMES

BEIJING

Chinese Foreign Minister TangJiaxuan never stopped smiling, but

~'when he and visiting U.S. Secretaryof State Madeleine Albright met withreporters Monday, part of his open-ing statement was downright chilly.

• "A handful of anti-China ele-ments within the United States aregoing all' out to interfere with and

',"obstruct the normal development ofChina-U.S. relations," Tang said.Their actions, he added, "aredoomed to failure."

• <:. Tang did not elaborate. Albright,after glancing warily at her aidesclustered along the wall, did not

"immediately respond. But the mes-sage was clear at the opening roundof Albright's two days of meetingswith China's top leaders: After two

'''successful summits betweenPresident Clinton and Chinese

By Tracy WilkinsonLOS ANGELES TIMES

JERUSALEM

With elections ahead of themand a graveyard of failed Lebanon,policies .behind them, senior Israelidfficials must tread carefully as theystrike back at Hezbollah guerrillaswaging a war of attrition against the

"~ewish state .•Military and political constraints

are so far dictating a cautious< Jesponse to an upsurge in Hezbollah'

ambushes that killed seven Israelisin less than a week, including theIsraeli army's highest-ranking com-

c-mander in southern Lebanon.Prime Minister Benjamin

Netanyahu and his senior Cabinetministers and military aides

"'announced on Sunday night a "land,sea and air" campaign to deliverharsh retaliation to the Syrian-

President Jiang Zemin in 1997 and1998, the honeymoon is over .

Last week alone, the Clintonadministration rejected the proposedsale by a U.S. company of a $450million satellite communicationssystem to China, delivered a reportto Congress warning that a "sub-stantial" buildup of Chinese missileswas under way near Taiwan, andissued a scathing State Departmentreport on China's mounting ,humanrights abuses.

China, in turn, gave no sign ofeasing the political crackdown itlaunched last December with a dra-matic series of arrests, show trialsand prison sentences. On Friday, asAlbright was en ro,Uhi:here, Chinadetained dissident Wu Yilong andsentenced pro-democracy advocatePeng Ming to 18 months in a laborcamp.

In response to questions,Albright expressed "great concern"

backed Islamic forces. The retalia-tion, while fierce and swift, has alsobeen limited in scope.

The problem facing Netanyahuis twofold, and has left the govern-ment without clear options.

Israel's occupation of a nine-milestrip of southern Lebanon is sup-posed to protect civilians in adjacentnorthern Israel from Hezbollahattacks. But for more than 20 years,no government pas been able toextricate itself from southernLebanon. And with a close electionfor prime minister and parliamentscheduled for May '17, the time doesnot seem ripe for courageous - ~ndpolitically risky - initiatives.

: Netanyahu often acts in a waythat is not whoJly predictable. But arange of analysts and officials saidMonday that it was unlikely hewould launch an all-out military

about the crackdown. But she saidWashington was not consideringreversing course and linkingChina's progress on human rightswith trade policy because "we actu-ally make better progress in bothwhen'they are not linked."

James P. Rubin, the StateDepartment spokesman, saidAlbright gave a far more spiritedcritique of China's human rightspolicies during her meetingwithTang, and subsequent 70-minutediscussion with Chinese PremierZhu Rongji. She will meet PresidentJiang Tuesday.

"On human rights, the discus-sions were forceful, tough and therewasn't a lot of agreement," Rubinsaid. He said Albright denied "some

. hidden conspiracy in ,the UnitedStates" against China, but added that"most Americans" were concernedabout Chinese policies on humanrights and missile proliferation. '

offensive as he fights for re-election,in part because of chances such anaction would backfire.

Former Prime Minister ShimonPeres of the Labor Party opened theso-called Grapes of Wrath campaignin southern Lebanon just weeksbefore the 1996 election. Fightingended in the calamitous shelling of arefugee camp, killing scores ofLebanese civilians. And Peres nar-rowly lost the election after IsraeliArabs and some traditional leftistsupporters abandoned him in disgust.

Lebanon was a sticky trap thatsucked Peres in. Netanyahuundoubtedly keeps that experiencein mind. Although his political con-stituency is far more hawkish thanPeres' and would not reject a showof military might per se, a high bodycount would be equally unsettlingfor Netanyahu voters.

Struggling to end the ruling party's unbroken 70-year grip onpresidential power, Mexico's two main opposition parties plungedinto debate Monday on a surprise proposal to choose a single candi-date for next year's election.

The idea came this past weekend from Mexico City MayorCuauhtemoc Cardenas, the likely nominee of the left-wingDemocratic Revolution Party, or PRO. Cardenas called on all opposi-tion parties to organize a winner-take-all primary for a candidate tochallenge the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI.

Cardenas tacitly recognized the possibility that his party and theright-wing National Action Party, or PAN, would split the oppositionvote once again, allowing the ruling party to win yet another six-yearpresidential term. The PRI has won several governor's races in suchcircumstances over the past year.

Vicente Fox, the charismatic governor of Guanajuato state andprobable PAN presidential candidate, said he was "more than will-ing" to enter serious discussions on the proposal. The two main oppo-sition parties would have to put aside sharp policy differences.Several smaller parties also could join the alliance.

Breast Cancer Gene May PlayRole in Prostate Cancer

LOS ANGELES TIMES

Researchers have discovered that a gene long associated withbreast cancer also plays a role in advanced prostate cancer, the sec-ond-leading cause of cancer deaths in men.

Although the results, published in this month's edition of NatureMedicine, are based on animal studies, the findings could be goodnews for men with prostate cancer that has recurred and no longerresponds to standard drug therapy.

It could also mean good news for Genentech, the San Franciscobiotechnology company that produces Herceptin, a drug that wonfederal approval last year for use in 25 percent to 30 percent ofadvanced breast cancer patients - those whose tumors over-expressa gene called HER2/neu.

University of California, Los Angeles, researchers, headed by Dr.Charles L. Sawyers, showed that the same gene, present in all normaltissue, is overexpressed in at least some advanced prostate tumors.

Based on that finding, Sawyers hopes that Herceptin may provehelpful for at least some men in the worst stages of the disease. ")think there is enough reason to plan clinical trials of Herceptin" inprostate cancer, Sawyers said. "I predict it w~ll not work in everyone,only those that over-express the gene."

Genentech is considering such trials. "We are definitely looking atother indications for Herceptin, including prostate cancer," saidspokesman Neal Cohen.

Last year, an estimated 184,500 men were diagnosed with prostatecancer, according to the American Cancer Society; the diseaseclaimed 39,200 lives, surpassed only by lung cancer in men's cancerdeaths.

Treatment typically involves removal of the prostate gland orbombarding it with radiation.

~ Q-C1ILProfessional Development Officer Nominations for 2 academics research and careers

Seminar Series1999-2000 will begin at the (arc) meeting *

Wednesdays 3:30-5:00 PMHulsizer Room, Ashdown General Council Meeting 3 professional development series

3/3 Oral Presentations tomorrow, March 3 3:39-5:.00, Hulsizer Room, Ashdown

Lori Bres!ow and will remain open until Tues., March 30. general council meeting* ,

,3/10 Written CommunicationElections will be held on Wed., April 7. officer nominations beginFor more information, see www.mit.edulactivi-

~eve Strang ties/gscl AboutlRoles/roles/html 4 muddy social! free pizza! 5PM-7PM

3/17 Conflict Resolution and @ the muddy charles pub (50-120)Negotiation

,j

Kate Baty 8 activities meeting at the muddy *

,') 1 Call for Nominations

9Details for the Teaching Awards, Perkins publications and publicity meeting *Awards for Graduate Advising, the SizerAward for contributions to Mil education and

,..) the .Horton Award for student ~roups ~i11 be 10 professional development seriesavailable next week on the G C webSite andwill be mass-mailed to graduate students. 3:30-5:00, Hulsizer Room, AshdownNominations for these awards will be

~ accepted until March 19, 1999. housing and community

Jazz Wednesday 11 affairs meeting *alcohol policy reform meeting

Nights

15@ the Muddy ,Thursday March 4 @ 5PM funding appeals dueCharles Pub!',\ Free Pizza & low priced beverages!

Walker Memorial Proper ID required. * ~ 5:30 in 50-22Q (above the muddy)(50-120))graduate students are welcome. Food is provided.

March 2, 1999 '.J

Letters To The Editor

OPINIONMcGann/Nemzerfor UAP/VP

Undergraduate elections represent the best chance for the and lost on the central issues of alcohol policy and undergradu-majority of undergraduates on campus to influence student go v- ate housing. Mani and Lin seem satisfied to succumb to theemment. This year, The Tech endorses Matthew L. McGann '00 ways of the administration rather than to question its decisions.and Lex Nemzer '00 for the respective positions of McGann and Nernzer also seem better prepared to handle

Undergraduate Association another important issue: student funding. McGann's position as

Edl'torl'al President and Vice President. treasurer of Association of Student Activities gives him and___________ This year's contest represents a inside view of how funding works within the UA, and we

battle between two visions of the believe he can better create a more equitable funding distribu-UA. The Kartik M. Mani '00/ Rita H. Lin '00 ticket emphasizes a tion to student groups than the Mani/ Lin ticket.vague idea of fostering campus community through increased To the credit of Mani and Lin, they have been involvedsocial opportunities and programming, while the McGann/Nemzer extensively in encouraging social activity on campus-ticket relies on the abilities of the two candidates to act as advo- through, for instance, Spring Weekend, - and both have expe-cates for students to the administration. This year demands an rience procuring funds from the Institute for these activities, butactivist UA to represent and guide students through the dramatic we believe that promoting social activity is not the real respon-changes that have occurred over the past year and a half. sibility of the Undergraduate Association. The Tech agrees with

We believe that tbe McGann! Nemzer ticket wiII represent the 'McGann! Nemzer ticket that the VA should distributea more activist voice on campus while at the same time working money to groups in order to foster group social activities ratherwith administrators to effect real change. McGann has served than taking money to spend on a single event.on multiple committees and knows the ins and outs of the The choice of candidates this year is a choice between aadministrative process; Nemzer was a significant force behind social UA and a student advocacy UA. The Tech believes thatthe orange ribbon campaign. this particular year, student advocacy, representation in key

While the orange ribbon campaign didn't make effective issues transforming the Institute, takes precedence to fun. Wechange on campus, it was activism, and some activism is better believe that McGann! Nemzer ticket will best change the UAthan no activism at all. The Mani/ Lin ticket seems indecisive into such a student advocacy group.

"rying through with Ring's logic might leaveone with a substantial dilemma. The faction ofus mentioned before offer an answer: The

. criminal who so grievously encroaches upon 'another's basic right to life summarily andcompletely forfeits his right to the same.

The argument will persist that capital pun-ishment is too costly to maintain. So, spend 'our lobbying funds to push for appropriateamendments, allowing the courts to order thedeath penalty in cases of confessed guilt or .uncontestable evidence. Fight these lawsuitsbrought by such offenders claiming their rightto cable television has been violated.

It is not the job of society to rehabilitate '.1

offenders or endear itself to them. Society'sjob is to protect the law-abiding by.riddingitself of the grossly criminally inclined. Let uspunish according to the crime. Let us justly:ridr .....

ourselves of those who so blatantly infringe onthe truly inalienable right of others.

Garrett M. Cradduck '00. t'

transgressions, specifically murder, thereexists no such range of punishments fromwhich to choose.

Ring will enter here and argue that death-for-death violates an inalienable right of theaccused and convicted. Instead, he suggests,lobby for Iife-without-parole legislation. Imust assume Ring thought briefly of theDeclaration of Independence in stating hisinalienable-rights argument. In that same spir-it, I suggest that said document was also cor-rect in citing liberty as such a right. Yet Mr.Ring would support the infringement of thismost fundamental right and incarcerate acriminal for life. Here 1must side with PatrickHenry: "Is life so dear. .. as to be purchased atthe price of chains and slavery? Forbid it,Almighty God! ... but as for me, give .me lib-erty or give me death."

I subscribe 10 this call even today and sug-gest I would do so as a criminal. What is lifewithout liberty? Unacceptable ~t best. So, car-

In Defense Of CapitalPunishment

I must respond to Michael 1. Ring's columnof Feb. 23, "Barbarism Made Legal." ThereinRing suggests the death penalty is a "vestige ofbarbarism" long abandoned by "civilizednations." Indeed, in its origin, the Hammurabimentality described by Ring once implementedmethods now viewed as fairly draconian. I sub-mit, however, that the Code of Hammurabi wasnot an attempt to incite barbarism but rather tocivilize a more barbaric people.

Today we have parted with the large mea-sure 'of su~h law. We do not burglarize thehouse of a thief. We do not rape a rapist.Instead we've seen fit to apply what the jus-tice system considers to be the fit degree ofpunishment warranted by the crime, while notexacting the same act on the criminal. Manyof us will maintain, though, that for certain

OPINION STAFF

Editors: Michael J. Ring '01, NaveenSunkavally '0]; Columnists: Julia C.Lipman '99, Eric J. Plosky '99, Elaine Y.Wan '01, Veena Thomas '02, Kris Schnee'02; Staff: Wesley T. Chan '00, DawenChoy '00, Seth Bisen-Hersh '0 I, Andrew J.Kim '01.

ChairmanJosh Bittker '99

Editor in ChiefZareena Hussain '00

Business ManagerJoey Dieckhans '00

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.vEWSSTAFF

Editors: Frank Dabd '00, SusanBuchman '0 I, Jennifer Chung '0 I, KristaL. Niece '0 I; Associate News Editors:Rima Arnaout '02, Sanjay Basu '02,Neena $. Kadaba '02, Kevin R. Lang '02,Kart:n E. Robinson '02; Staff: ShawdeeEshghi '99, Jean K. Lee' 99, Eric Sit '99,Dudley Lamming '00, Katie Jeffreys '0 I,Laura McGrath Moulton '0 I, Jane Yoo '0 I,Gitrada Arjara '02, Alex lanculescu '02,Steve Hobennan '02, Kristen Landino '02,Priya Prahalad '02, Michael M. Torrice '02;Meteorologists: Michael C. Morgan PhD '95,Greg Lawson G, Bill Ramstrom G, GerardRoe G, Chris E. Forest, Marek Zebrowski.

PRODUCTION STAFF

Editor: Brell Altschul '99; AssociateEditors: Ian Lai '02, Agnes Borszeki; Staff:Erica S. Pfister '00.

SPORTS STAFF

Editor: Shao-Fei Moy '98.

ARTS STAFF

Editors: Joel M. Rosenberg '99, SatwiksaiSeshasai '01; Associate Editor: Bence P.Olveczky G; Staff: Daniel Metz G, Steven R.L. Millman G, Roy Rodenstein G, VladimirV. Zelevinsky '95, Teresa Huang '97, DavidV. Rodriguez '97, Mark Huang '99, KateSammndvedhya '00, Fred Choi '02, Daniel J.Katz.

Page 4 THE TECH

PI/OTOGRAPHY STAFF

Editors: Gregory F. Kuhnen '00, RebeccaLoh '0 I, Annie S. Choi; Staff: RichFletcher G, Aaron Isaksen G, Wan YusofWan Morshidi G, Thomas E. Murphy G,Michelle Povinelli G, Arifur Rahman G, T.Luke Young G, Krzysztof Gajos '99,Connie C. Lu '00, Garry R. Maskaly '00,Karlene Rosera '00, Chun Hua Zheng '00,Ajai Bharadwaj '0 I, Ying Lee '01, RebeccaIIitchcock '02, Angela Piau '02, Yi Xie '02,Lucy Yang '02, Miodrag CirkoviC.

FE4 7URf:S STAFF

Car too n is t s: Sa Ia r 0 lug e bera Ia ' 99 ,Jessica Wu '\}9, Jennifer Dimase '01, XixiD'Moon '01.

BUSINESS SUFF

Associate Advertisin~ Mana~ers: JasmineRichards '02, Iluanne T. Thomas '02; Staff:Karen CIl\:ng '02.

lE( '/I,wJf.(J(j}' STAI.F

Director: Shantonu Sen '02; Staff: IIoe-Teck Wee '02.

EDITORS A 1 LA RGE

Contributing Editors: Jennifer Lane '98,Dan McGuire '99; Color Editor: GaborCsanyi G; Senior Editor: May K. Tse '99 .

ADVISORY BOARD

V. Michael Bove '83, Robert E. Malch-man '85, Thomas T. Huang '86, JonathanRichmond PhD '91, Reuven M. Lerner '92,Josh Hartmann '93, Jeremy Hylton '94,Garlen C. Leung '95, Thomas R. Karlo '97,Saul Blumenthal '98, Indranath Neogy '98.

PRODUCTlON STAFF FOR TIllS ISSUE

Night Editors: Breit Altschul '99, EricaPfister '00, Ryan Ochylski '0 I; AssociateNight Editor: Ian Lai '02; Staff: AgnesBoC'S7~ki.

TIreTt..../r (ISSN 0148-9607) is published on Tuesdays andFridays during Ihe academic year (e:tcepl during MITvacalions). Wednesdays during January and monlhlyduring me summer for $45.00 per year Third Class by Tlrt'Tt...-Ir. Room W20-483. 84 Massachusctls Ave.. Cambridge.Mass. 02139. Third Class postage paid at Worcester. Mass.rcnnit No. 589. POSTMASTER: rlease send all addresschanges to our mailing address: Tlte Tn.It, r.o. Bo;\397029. Cambridge. Mass. 02139-7029. Telephone: (617)253-154/. editorial: (617) 258-8324. business: (617) 258-8226. facsimile. A,/n'r(i,.ing .. mh..aiptinn. and type.ulfingrute.' u,'ui/uh/c. Entire conlcnlS 0 1999 The Tech. Printed"n n...}dnlpuper by Md.ulJ'eh Printing C".

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.(

,i

BuildingTrust and Confidence

While I write this, it is February 28, 1999.Yesterday our nation's First Daughter,Chelsea Clinton, celebrated her 19th birth-day. So did I. Okay, I don't know if "cele-brate" is the proper term in my case. Chelseaand her family went on a ski vacation toUtah, shacking in the house of affluentHollywood executive Jeffrey Katzenberg. Istayed at MIT's own Baker House, drinkingMoxie and eating rapidly melting ice creamcake. The only trip I took was a journey onthe Blue Line to look at some desolatemarshlands near Suffolk Downs, just to feellike I was taking some sort of vacation of myown. Of course, I had to think smaller inscale. She's staying there all weekend untilTuesday. I have problem sets to do, andclasses on Monday. So a few hours of cele-bration is all I get.

This Chelsea thing has been getting onmy nerves for the past six years. It reachedits climax last year when we turned eigh-teen. I was sitting on my couch watching theNBC Nightly News after another thrillingday at school, and right at the end came the

The only trip I took was ajourney on the Blue Line to

look at some desolatemarshlands near SuffolkDowns)just tofee/like Iwas taking some sort ojvacation oj my own.

THE TECH Page 5

TheBirthday

BluesGuest ColumnJeff Roberts

hard-hitting news that Chelsea decided t.oskip school to spend the day in New YorkCity to party all night at some swanky nightclub. It' guess one thing that bugged me wasthat she was in college and I was still in highschool. Her birthday was announced onnational news, and my moment of fame waswhen the morning announcements ended"and if you see Jeff Roberts today, makesure you wish him a happy birthday." I stillthink it would have been great if NBCreported "Chelsea took the opportunity ofher adulthood to purchase cigars and porno-graphic videos" which, in the minimetropo-lis of Pittsfield, was the only thrill in becom-ing an adult.

How important are birthdays, anyway? Iguess it depends on how important you are. Imean, for months leading up to Jesus Christ'sbirthday, everyone goes nuts! Okay, maybethat's a bad example. Let's think of somethinga little closer to home. People used to thinkthat President Washington and PresidentLincoln were both so important that on theirbirthdays everyone should get a day off from-work. Later people decided that we shouldjust get one day off to celebrate both of theirbirthdays (which also both just happened to bein the month of February). Did their individ-ual importances just get cut in half? And itgets worse; now we celebrate the birthdays ofall of our Presidents on that same day. So Ihave to celebrate Bill Clinton's birthday inaddition to Chelsea's. Both in the samemonth, too.

. This brings up another interesting point.How important can birthdays real1y be if somany people share them? It's likely that atleast one person reading this has the samebirthday as Chelsea and I, so why is our birth-day so special if that guy (or gal) has it too?

• I guess I'm implying that somethingwhich is shared can't be special to any'oneparticular person. That, of course, isn't true.Love is the best example. I guess'sharingisn't so bad, anyway. I mean, whl~n' myfriends and family wish me a happy birthday,they don't list Chelsea and al1 the. othen;peo-pie born that day as well. Just meAt lets meknow that people care. And if Chelsea g~ts togo out and have al1 the fun that she can, when I

you get right down to it, she can't get anymore out of it than a feeling that people care.So her birthday really isn't any bettef \hanmine. Well, there is the skiing, of cour~e. Iwish I were skiing. I'll be bitter at her aboutthat. But I'm allowed to be bitter on my'birth-day..

Sorry, Chelsea. Nothing personal."

big player in the Middle East. With 67 millioninhabitants and rich oil and mineral deposits,Iran has both the physical and humanresources to be a modem nation with signifi-cant regional influence.

Last year, I argued in this space that theUnited States should normalize relations withIran ["Changing the U.S. Policy Tune,"January 14, 1998]. I then argued it is in theUnited S'tates' strategic interest to seek greaterties with Iran. I then wrote such actions wouldcut the mistrust between Washington andTehran and al10w the United States to exertmore internal influence in the nation to helpKhatami and his reformist allies and seekgreater human rights and liberties within thenation .

Al1 those arguments remain true today.But an examination of world events over thepast year demonstrates creating positiverelations with Inin is now even more impor-tant to the United States. Simple geographyshould indicate why: Iran sits between threeof the world's most unstable states: Iraq,Afghanistan, and Pakistan. With Saddamstil1 entrenched in Iraq, the Taliban causingchaos in Afghanistan, and the acquisition ofnuclear capability' by Pakistan, SouthwestAsia continues to be a treacherous comer ofthe world. Al1ying ourselves with Iran pro-

~ vides a strong axis to counter these threats tostability.

The typical State Department response tothe Iranian elections would be a non-response.Unf<;>rtunately, more drastic action is neededto ameliorate relations between the twonations. These opportunities will not last for-ever, and the United States must act soon to

. show trust and confidence in Iranian relationsbefore this window closes and relations arefrozen anew.

".>

OPINION

dialogue with the government of Iran. After a1998 interview with CNN during whichPresident Khatami praised the United Statesfor its freedom and tolerance, hopes were highfor an amelioration of relations between hisnation and ours.

Indeed, some limited exchanges of journal-ists and athletes have taken place, and havebeen very successful. But beyond that, littlehas come of Khatami' s invitation for a greaterdialogue. There are no official diplomaticrelations between the United States and Iran.No U.S. embassy or consulate can be found inthat nation. Trade embargoes severely restrictU.S. exports to a potential1y lucrative marketand only lend credence to hard-line Iranians,who argue the United States is trying to iso-late and crush their nation. Normal trade isbanned, and the Clinton administration hasresponded to an Iranian request for U.S. grainand foodstuffs by twiddling its thumbs andsitting on the request.

The U.S. State Department has not startedor fol1owed through on'major initiatives withthe Islamic. Republic. To them, it is as though .the nation of Iran does not even exist. And infact, the UDited States would rather pretendthat Iran did not exist. After all, Iranian revo-hitionaries 'proved a major embariassment tous in '1979, and they did hold Am'erican citi-zens as hostage. But after decades of America

"imposing the pro-Western Shah on the Iranianpeople, was the Iranians reaction real1y thatsurprising or irrational?

Two decades out, however, the only imageof Iran most U.S. foreign policy officials canconjure is that of the 1979 .revolution, even aswe normalize relations with other formerlyhostile nations such as Vietnam.Unfortunately for the State Department, Iranis out there, and it has a rightful role to be a

Eric 1. Plosky

In Praise of Sport Utility VehiclesAnd no~ a wordfrom Detroit on the latest cultural innovation

Ion of (premium) unleaded. Remember that ornamented with sterling silver and 22-karatfederal regulations require us to disregard gold. You'll need a stepladder to get into thefuel-consumption standards that apply to reg- new Chevy Mammoth, and an elevator toular cars. One other feature - the standard board the Nissan 4RunnerEater. Snuggle into47-gallon fuel tank doubles as a self-destruct the velvet-and-shag upholstery of the 2000device, as featured by Stone Phillips and Jane GMC Bloated, Stupid Monster for three min-Pauley on "Dateline NBC." No wonder mili- utes while waiting for it to work its leisurelytaries and governments around the world way to highway speed.choose SUVs for secure transport of generals, Oh, and keep your wallet open. Gas pricesdignitaries and mucky-mucks. are on the rise, fuel economy is still on its

In a style-conscious world, SUVs make a stylish way down and the 2000 Guzzler isfashion statement. It doesn't matter if you can heading for your driveway.haul an entire football team unless youcan do it with panache, and chromeand brass-plated SUVs with six-teen-inch ground clearimce don'tdisappoint.

Drivers of these tarted-.up trucks maQage to con-vey several messages atonce - "I'm all busi-ness," "I'm cool" (increas-ingly, "I'm cooler than myschmuck of a neighbor"), andsometimes even "Get the hellout of my way; I'm driving afreaking huge vehicle." Smallercars such as the Toyota Camry, theFord Taurus and the 1972 ChryslerImper:ial simply can't compete withSUVs on style. /.

Look for even more interesting newtrends in the 2000 models. Hot on the heelsof its Explorer and Expedition, Ford is setto introduce the Executioner, which willhave a 23-passenger capacity (plus 12standees). The Lin.coln Destroyer'sbumpers, door handles and tires will be

March 2, 1999

I~ • _

Michael 1. Ring''1

In groundbreaking local elections heldFriday, the people of Iran went to the polls toelect over 200,000 local officials in cities

and towns across thenation. Early returnsas of Saturday nightshowed moderateallies of PresidentMohammed J<hatamiwere leading in sever-""16 al key cities. Such avictory would be

"~ important f<;>rthe pres-_____ ~ ident, whose reform

, • attempts have been stymied by conservativeinfluences in other bra'nches of government.A victory for the reformers at the local levels

.. would also give them needed momentumgoing into next year's parliamentary elec-tions, where Khatami and his supportershope to reverse the current majority held by

.~Islamic hard-liners. Such a result would helpthaw the icy relations between Washingtonand Tehran ..

Of course, events ih Iran mark only half-I the battle. An equal1y important question is

how our policy wonks in Foggy Bottom wil1respond to these latest developments.

.. Probably they wil1 express guarded optirriismon these latest developments, and nothingmore. Unfortunately such a response, to whichthe United States has resorted after every out-

• reach by Iran, could only stifle any hope ofextended dialogue and detente between theUnited States and Iran.

The next move in American-Iranian rela-',' tions rests on this side of the Atlantic, and it is

time for the United States to seek a formal

Igriore the alarmist outcry of tree-huggingenvironmentalists; forget the punditry of.knee-jerkers driving Honda Civics; dismiss

~ the overblown rhetoric of consumer advo-cates: SUVs - sport-utility vehicles - aregreat. Transportation's future is not in plastic-

\~ bodied minicars or battery-powered golf-carts,nor even in Star Trek-style transporters. No, itis the SUV, an eight-thousand-pound behe-moth of steel. and chrome, that will transport

.' us, nine at a time, safely, comfortably andstylishly into the new millennium and beyond.

Sure, it's often a climb to get into an SUV.., Hey, you're climbing to a new level of dri-

ving! Once you're inside, visibility is great-you're eye-level with traffic lights (great forthe color-blind!). Acceleration is top-notch;

.'~ a'lmost al1 SUVs these days are capable of 60mph. And despite vicious rumors to the con-trary calling SUVs "unstoppable," it usual1ytakes less than a quarter-mile to bring one ....of

• these rol1ing Fort Knoxes to a halt.Handling is impeccable, but of course it

doesn't really matter - just run over what.s, you can't avoid! The ride is smooth and luxu-. rious; with enough leather-like vinyl slathered

liberally throughout the interior, you, ~analmost forget the very slight trucklike clangor.

'J' and the gentle bouncing erroneously describedas "bone-jarring." There's room for you andup to eight of your friends, .with space to spare

'. for luggage, golf clubs, skis, snowshoes, andan entire dog-sled team. Or you can carry awhole baseball team, including the coachingstaff, the batboys and the groundskeepers!

" SUVs ar.e safe. In accidents between carsand SUVs, it's usually the car that bears thebrunt of the damage. For maximum safety,

.' SUVs' bumpers are designed to deflect cars.. under the wheels in the event of a col1ision.

No need ,to worry about two SUVs colliding;al1 modem designs incorporate a safety fea-

I ture known as the "rol1-over." Recent media.~reports have incorrectly assumed that SUVrol1-overs were accidental - not so! The rol1-over feature can only be activated during

•~ emergency situations, by turning the steering -wheel at least 10 degrees; the SUV then pitch-es over and barrels safely off the road and

"~away from- a potential1y dodgy situation. ForaBdedlsafety', ta roll£'"over'clin only! be executedwhile the transm.is.sion is in "Drive,""Reverse," or "Park."

'. SUVs help reduce our dependence onrenewable, nonpolluting energy'sources.Gasoline is at its' lowest inflation-adjustedprice ever, so OPEC-trained automotive engi-

j neers, who always try to take advantage ofbargains, have deliberately designed fueleconomy to be between 4 and 7 miles per gal-

.of

• .__..__,. :.....:. ~ . •. '__' ._. ._. .__ . __'. j 1. •. .•. _. . . - •.. _.1

Page 6 THE TECH March 2, 1999

FEATURES

Anecdotes and Historic Moments Define the Class Ring

. ,J'

'1

~..

,.

,,'

"Add a history class. MIT needs toexpand more on the .ijASS-D stuff."

Victor K. Mallet '02, Course X

"Add 8.022.- It's good material, and weshould make freshmen suffer." .

Orton T.Huang '01, Course VI

"Add an ethics class. There are no ethicsin the business world."

Matthew JY. Lee '00, Course VI

"Drop requiring :f{ASS-Ds' to be in differ-ent areas.' People who want to study

l so~ething; in d~pth' get, screwed over.GIRs 'are still unportant though."

Ania C. Busza '99, Courses VII and IX

"Add 1.00 or 6.001. It's as important asbiology and chemistry."

Andrew S. Duggan '99, Course VI

VIEWPOINT

"Drop the writing and swimming require':'ments. ~~y are "useless and boring."

,'-: Qiao m::0:,' Courses VI and XVf, """ ~ •• t

"Add 18.03.-It's required for graduate andmedical school anyways."

Bani M Azari '00, Course VII

"Add more flexibility to the GIRs. Weshould' give people more options, such ascomputer programming classes."

Matthew L. McGann '00, Course XVIII

"I wouldn't change anything. The classesprovide an education everyone in a tech-nical field should know."

Andrew B. Greytak '00, Course V

Compiied by Eric Sit

time here. The sophomores in Class of 2001will premiere their class ring this Saturday.

The popularity of the brass rat is perhapsunparalleled at other universities. In some ..years, over 90 percent of students in a classhave purchased a class ring. ,

The fame of the MIT class ring - whosecolloquial rodent nickname has been used fordecades - has led to endless anecdotes, whilethe ubiquity of the brass rat has given it aninstant association with MIT.

Not uncommon are the chance encountersbetween former MIT students by virtue of thering's presence; the brass rat acts as a special ~\symbol, the sign of membership in the exclu-sive club of people who have toiled throughfour years at MIT. "I've been in the Tokyosubway, and someone recognized my rat, and I ij

recognized his rat," Hecht said. "I literally -. two weeks ago - was behind someone in theclass of 1933 in the' supermarket," he said.Hecht did not realize that the person was a fel- .'low alumnus before he noticed the telltalecreature on the stranger's finger.

Alumni who have returned to speak at MIThave often held their brass_ rats aloft tri-umphantly, to the cheering of an attentivecrowd. When Astronaut Kenneth D. Cameron .'78 spoke at the Institute in 1996, he present- \,ed to President Charles M. Vest a paper-weight-size version of a brass rat, one he tookinto, space ayd in~o.the Russian space station I.

Mir. In one memorable hack, unknown MITstudents welded a Brass Rat to the finger ofJohn Harvard's statue in Harvard Yard.

Over the the Course of several years, myths \have .developed about the Brass Rat. Onesuperstition claims that if a student prominent-ly displays his or her brass rat during a jobinterview, the chances of getting that job' ,increase dramatically. Even the direction inwhich the ring is worn is steeped in tradition.MIT lore states that undergraduates who ownbrass rats must wear the rings with the beaverengraving facing' the student, so that theBeaver will shit on them. Upon graduation,the new alumni turns the ring to the other side \so that the beaver shits on the world. This tra-dition faded when rings began to feature etch-ings of the Boston and Cambridge skylines. tor

Now, MIT students look out at the world,while graduates look back at MIT.

11&is 1f1ttk~sfNtstiMl:

W~t ,()U'!eJs~U. be u~e~ to or~ ~r.!jJ~~f7!M, tJ.u f I~?

• ~ ,. ~ -. ': ,,_' ~.~ I iio , .,,:.

< "Drop 5.1 L,~[hI:shoulO be eliminated,because it is so badly taught."

Liyun Li '99, Course VII

TECHNIQUE

ed loudly when the Class of 1981 ringCommittee proposed that they replace thetwigs within the beaver's paws with a treetrunk. The issue was contentious enough that amember of the ring committee resigned overthe dispute, claiming tllat the change had been"railroaded through," according to an articlepublished in The Tech that year. The situationwas resolved through polling of the sopho-more class.

Many students were also angered whenmembers of the class of 1992 suggested thatthe brass rat would have a reference toChristopher Columbus (the year 1992 coincid-ed with the SOOthanniversary of his landing in

America).Class ring committees have lately made

more dramatic changes to the brass rat, oftenasserting the individualities of their class or 'attempting to make their ring better than thatof a previous year. The radical brass rat of theclass of 1989, for instance, contained not onlyan owl (to represent the Athena computingenvironment) but also featured a "buddybeaver ...to represent all those who helped 'thegraduate through their four years at MIT,"according to one Technology Review article.For what what was the first and possibly onlytime in history, the main beaver on the face ofthe ring also faced right instead of left.

No matter how drastically a ring commit-tee changes the basic class ring design, it willbe impossible to hide the intrinsic symbolismof the brass rat - a icon representing both thepain and the camaraderie that characterize,MIT.

Currently, Brass rats are distributed twoyears after an undergraduate arrives at MIT.,signaling the half-way point in the student's

students to feel that they were learning something and having fun atthe 'same time."

Fletcher explained that the objectives of the presentations were to"explain what engineering and EECS are about, show that manyinterdisciplinary applications exist within EECS, demonstrate thatEECS can be fun and creative, and show that women are capable ofexcelling in and enjoying EECS."

Currently the program is visiting schools in the Boston area,including a trip to Dorchester High School tomorrow. They are hop-ing to expand the project to involve more MIT students and addition-al high schools, and will hold an information session toward the endof the term to recruit new participants.

read. The committee decided that the ringshould contain a beaver on its face and that"the top of the ring must be square in shape."

The first Brass Rat was sold the followingspring to the class 1930. The design was creat-ed by Bates and Klinke Co. of Attleboro,Massachusetts. The price of the original 1930ring, according to an advertisement, wasbetween $7.50 and $19.50, varying in pricebased on the metal being used to cast thering. By 1940, prices ranged from $5.00 to$23.00, with options for several metals andnumerous sizes .

Through its early years, the Brass Rat con-tinued to follow a standard design. The only

Its design pictured here, MIT's first Brass Rat was commissioned In 1930.

change from year to year was the graduationdate of the senior class. Class ring committeestook responsibility for distributing brass. rats,but not for the ring's design.

In 1940, the Senior Ring Committee sug-gested that the Brass Rat be redesigned. Aftermuch 'discussion and polling, however, theidea was dropped.

It was only in 1963 that the Standard Ringdisbanded, according to a story in theAugust/September 1992 issue of TechnologyReview. Class committees, which took respon-sioility for the ring, remained faithful to theoriginal standard, making only minor alter-ations in ring design from year to year. Thetradition finally ended in 1975, when "classesstarted fussing with the beaver, making it big-ger, fatter, more beaver-like; the old one wasmore rat-like," said Alumni AssociationPresident Bill Hecht' 61.

Brass rat has gnawed at the student bodySome Brass Rat traditions were harder to

change than others. In 1978, students protest-

By Aaron D. Mihalik

In hopes of encouraging young women to pursue careers in elec-trical engineering and computer science, MIT's chapter of Eta KappaNu, the national EECS honor society, has launched the Women'sInitiative - a program in which MIT women majoring in Course VIvisit high schools nationwide educating those students about what itis like to study in EECS.

"In the spring of 1998, Microsoft approached HKN and chal-lenged them to come up with ways to encourage women in EECS,"said Lauren B. Fletcher '99, director for the Women's InitiativeProgram. A committee of HKN students then proposed that MITwomen could visit high schools and make presen-tations to introduce EECS to the students. "Theidea was that high school students would easily beable to identify with the MIT women as students,"Fletcher said. Microsoft approved funding for theprogram.

At MIT, HKN's activities include providingCourse VI students with resources such as TheUnderground Guide to Course VI, a tutoring pro-gram, and a Big Sib program.

The Women's Initiative was advertised to aconference of high school math and science teach-ers over the summer. Ten schools were originallyselected that represented a variety of geographicalregions. In each region, participants made presen-tations at several high schools. They spoke withstudents in their classes, at after school club meet-ings, during their lunch break, and in study hall.

Overall, the Women's Initiative made about 70presentations at 40 high schools and reached near-ly 2,000 students.

"The presentations were designed to be inter-active discussions about engineering and womenin engineering," Fletcher said. "We wanted the

Spotlight of the WeekEtaKappa Nu Women's Initiative

Brass Rat TraditionBy Jennifer ChungNEWS EDITOR

Some claim that it is the most recognizablering in the world, second only to the SuperBowl ring. If not, it can at least claim the titleof the most recognizable college ring in thenation. There is, arguably, no ring quite sopopular or so distinct as MIT's Brass Rat.

The Brass Rat has a long, rich history dat-ing back to the early 20th century. Before1927, MIT did not have a class ring. The lead-ers of the class of 1927, however, decided to-begin a tradition, patterning their ring afterthose used by some military academies.These rings included a semi-precious stone intheir ring, and idea of including a stone stuckfor the next two years. The engravings oneach ring, however, differed significantlybetween years.

The idea of having a more standardizedjeweled ring was first proposed in 1929 whenC. Brigham Allen '29, the president of theClass of 1929, appointed the Standard RingCommittee to investigate the idea of produc-ing such a ring. The committee quicklydropped the idea, however, because theybelieved that such a ring would be prohibitive-lyexpensive.

Instead, they proposed a new design thatwould feature, on the face of the ring, eitheran engraved image of MIT's mascot-thebeaver-or an engraved image of the GreatDome. The Institute Committee, a precursorof the Undergraduate Association, decidingthat "many schools had domes somewhat sim-ilar to Technology's," and that it would be bet-ter to place a unique image on the face of thering. They suggested that the dome image bemoved to the sides of the ring.

Having plotted out the future course ofwhat would come to be known as the BrassRat, the Class of 1929's Standard RingCommittee set about the task of having onemade. Unfortunately, it was too late in theyear to produce anything besides a report rec-ommending that the Institute commission aStandard Ring.

The Standard Ring Committee also devel-oped a set of criteria for a standard ring,which it gave to a number of jewelers. Thejewelers were then invited to propose ringdesigns and compete for the final ring con-tract.

"Three years of class rings [sic] had shownthat the students wanted a ring which was notan imitation of the common college ring, onethat had no stone, and one that was moderate-ly light in weight," the committee's report

.. '"'(" , •••• ,. I

, March 2, 1999,. FEATURES, .

THE TECH Page 7

TechCalendar'I' TechCalendar appears in each issue of The Tech and features events for members of the Mil community, The Tech makes no guarantees as to the accuracy of this information, and The Tech shall not be held liable for any

losses, including, but not limited to, damages resulting from attendance of an event. Contact information for all events is available from the TechCalendar web page.

Visit and add events to TechCalendar online at htto://tech-calendal.mit.edu

.~

,,

Thursday's Events12:00 'p.m. - MIT Chapel Concert. The Fenway Trombone Duo. Brian Troiano andJonathan Baker, tenor and bass trombone. Works by Cornette, Bordogni,Shostakovich, and BI,azhevich. Chapel.

4:00 p.m. - The Development of the AMD-K7 Multimedia x86 Processor. FredWeber, Advanced MicroDevices. MTL VLSI Seminar Series. Refreshments in lobby ofroom 34-101 at 3:30 p.m. Room 34-101.

4:30 p.m. - Macro-Scale Gas Bearing Experiments for the MIT Micro-EngineProject. Mr. D. J. Orr, MIT/GTL. Gas Turbine Seminar Series. Refreshments 4:15p.m. Room 31-161 ...

6:30 p.m~ - Certainty of Context. Joseph M. Noero, architect, WashingtonUniversity, St. Louis. Architecture Lecture Series. Room 10-250.

Friday's Events3:00 p.m. - Self-Assembling Inorganlc-Organlc Composites and Porous Oxides.Brad Chmelka, University of CA, Santa Barbara, Department of ChemicalEngineering. Reception held before seminars at 2:45 p.m. Room 66-110.

3:00 p.m. - Nanorobotlcs. Aristides Requicha, Laboratory for Molecular Robotics,University of Southern California. Room '3-270. Sponsor: Wurtman Lab.

3:30 p.m. - How Sand castles Fall. Thomas C. Halsey, Exxon Research andEngineering, N.J. Refreshments. Room 1-350. Sponsor: Engineering &Environmental Mechanics Group with Engineering & Environmental MechanicsGroup.

8:00 p.m. - Concert Band. John Corley, director. Kresge Auditorium.

Wednesday's Events .11:00 a.m. - L1~twave Mlc;romachlne~. Randy Giles, Lucent Technologies, BellLaboratories. EECS /RLE - Optics & Quantum Electronics Seminar Series. Room 36-428.

12:00 p.m. - The Role of the Secretary In Military Justice. Professor SheilaWidnall, MIT, and fonner Secretary of the Air Force. Sponsored by Security StudiesProgram. Room E38-615 ..

.3:30 p.m. - Lecture on Communication for Professionals: Oral Presentations. LoriBreslow, MIT. Professional Development Series. Ashdown House, Hulsizer. Sponsor:GSC. '

. .Thursd~y's Events .4:00 p.m. - Managing Inventory Und~r Customer Service Level Requirements.Yashan Wang, Assistant Professor of Management Science, MIT. Refreshments tofollow in Room E~0-106. Room ~4<.?:-298.Sponsor: ORC.

4:15 p.m. - The Central ArteryjTunnel Project. Dr. Fred Salvucci, MIT. PhysicsColloquium. Refreshments in Room 4-339 at 3:45 pm; Room 10-250.

Saturday's Events2:00 p.m. - You Oughta Be in Pictures. Join MIT's Student Cable Group for thenext general meeting. Learn how you can get involved in television production. 9-026 ..Sponsor: Student Cable Group / MITV.

7:00 p.m. - Annual MIT Figure Skating Exhibition. Come to the free annual show bystudents, alumni, and guests in the MIT Rgure Skating Club. Johnson AthleticCenter. Sponsor: Rgure Skating Club.

Monday's Events4:00 p.m. - How Physics Made In Japan [and Elsewhere] Becomes Local, Global,and Universal. Sharon Traweek, University of Calif~rnia, Los Angeles. Program inScience, Technology, and Society 1999 Spring Colloquia. Room E51-Q95 .

4:00 p.m. - Hand and Brains: Haptlcs In Real and Virtual Worlds. Prof. MandayamSrinivasan, MIT Touch Lab, Dept of Mechanical Engineering and RLE. MIT-EECS1999 Spring Semester Colloquium Series. Refreshments served at 3:45 p.m. Room34-101.

5:00 p.m. - Advanced Music Performance Recital. Adeline Leong '00, piano.Bartok, Ostinato, Schubert, Uszt. Killian Hall.

Congratulations to the teams whomade it to the semifinals!

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Page 8 THE TECH March 2, 1999.1):

Few Attend UA 'Meet the Candidates' Study Break "0\,

By Kristen landinoSTAFF REPORTER

Few candidates, and even fewerstudents. showed up for theUndergraduate Association's "Meetthe Candidates" Study Break heldyesterday in the Burton-ConnerDining Hall.

The event was publicized as achance to meet the candidates run-ning for UA and class offices in theupcoming elections to be held byelectronic ballot next week..

"It's difficult to get students tobe interested in the UA candidates,

especially with their busy schedules.The UA, just like any other studentgroup, would greatly benefit if itsrestrictive policy on food was liftedfor such events," said Matt LMcGann '00, a candidate for UApresident.

In total, only seven candidatesout of a total of 52 running for vari-ous offices were present for thestudy break, however, the numberof students present to query candi-dates was equally low.

"I came to meet the candidatesand learn more about the issues fac-

ing the UA. In general, I think theUA is doing a good job of address-ing the current problems facing stu-dents. One thing I'd like to see hap-pen is greater cooperation andinteraction between th~ UA and the'IFC," ,said Aneal Krishnan '02, amember of the Junior InterfraternityCouncil who attended the studybreak.

Some of the candidates that werepresent for the study break includedPaige Hopewell '02 and GeetaNapa! '02 who are running for Classof 2002 social chairs.

"We hope to prevent the lack ofsocial interaction and increasedstress associated with the first yearon grades by implementing moreactivities and parties that peoplewill get excited about and want toparticipate in," Napa! said.

Also running for Class of 2002social chairs are Alison Neizmik '02and Vanessa Li '02.

"We want to encourage fresh-men to get out and meet each other. "It is'so easy to get bogged down atMIT with work," said Neizmik.

Jenifer Li '02, a candidate for

the UA Financial Board, felt thatthis position would be "an interest-ing 'way to get involved with thelUA."

"I have 'prior experience han-dling fmances in high school and Ithought this position would allow'!me to become involved with the UAin a positive way," Li said.

Current UA President PaulOppold ~99declined to comment onthe lack of candidates in attendance.

Candidates not present at thisUA function could not be reachedlfor comment.

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Law Schools Pledge to Ban Prejudiced Recruiters,. March 2, 1999 THE TECH Page 9

.I

Nobel Laureate from Berkeley diesGlenn Seaborg, the Nobel Prize-

winning former DC Berkeley chan-cellor whose scientific discoverieseffectively changed the history ofthe 20th century, died Thursdaynight. He was 86.

The renowned professor, whosediscovery of plutonium led to theconstruction of the atomic bomb,was convalescing in his Lafayettehome after suffering a stroke inAugust. He fell ill during a confer-ence in Boston, Mass., where he

Short Takes, Page <None>

country are taking an activeapproach in support of congression-al efforts to overturn the SolomonAmendment, from filing lawsuits tobringing in speakers to sending let-ters.

"The success of such legislationis likely to depend on the legal pro-fession's ability to inspire broad-based support from within and with-out the bar," Rhode said.

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return of the financial aid portionof the federal funding for schoolsthat turn away military recruitersbut would leave in place otherrestrictions. Universities that turnaway the military would continueto be denied non-financial aidfunding like Defense Departmentgrants.

"One can argue more persua-sively that if the Stanford PhysicsDepartment wants to accept fund-ing, it has to allow recruiting, butyou can't make the same argumentfor student financial aid," Campbellsaid.

By taking this middle approach,the amendment is, in Campbell'swords, "a rifle shot rather than anassault weapon."

Campbell has high hopes for theamendment, which will be intro-duced with the Defense DepartmentAuthorization bill next month.

"I've been talking to a numberof moderate Republicans, andthere's a lot of support out there,because this supports universities,"Campbell said.

Students and faculty around the

with the amendment. But it urgesschools that do so "to be sensitiveto the need for creative and effec-tive amelioration strategies,"including posting signs and lettersthat state that the schools do notcondone the military's policy andsupporting gay and lesbian forumsand student groups.

Reps. Tom Campbell (R-Calif.)and Barney Frank (D-Mass.) areproposing an amendment that wouldrepeal the portion of the amendmentthat denies financial aid to schoolsthat bar military recruiting on cam-pus.

"A student ought not be deniedfinancial assistance just because ofthe military's policy," saidCampbell, a Stanford law profes-sor.

Alan Drexel, former presidentof Outlaw, Stanford Law Studentsfor Lesbian, Gay and BisexualEquality, agreed that "we weremaking victims of students thathappened to attend institutions thattook a principled stand."

The Campbell-FrankAmendment would allow for the

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Musicians of the critically acclaimed Avalon String Quartet perform pieces by Haydn, Schuller and Beethoven In Kresge AuditoriumFriday evening.

Higher Education.Most law schools have taken the

middle road, however, allowingsome measure of military recruitingon campus but making clear theirdispleasure and taking compensato-ry actions to support gay and lesbianstudents.

Harvard Law School, forexample, will allow the recruiterson campus but will not allow themthe use of its career developmentcentet:.

At Stanford, the Law School hasadopted a policy that requires a min-imum level of student interestbefore allowing recruiters to inter-view on its facilities.

According to Law School DeanPaul Brest, "we simply haven't hadthe interest," and thus militaryrecruiters have been turned awaywithout the school invoking thenondiscrimination policy.

The American Association ofLaw Schools, which claims about90 percent of American lawschools as members, allowsschools to make exceptions to itsnondiscrimination policy to comply

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The 162 institutions belonging to';. the American Association of Law

Schools, including Stanford, havepledged to bar

OJ.,.. E\rt campus employ-~/W ment recruitersmake'~ who discriminate.1( 0 by sexual orienta-

------ tion.Students at these same institu-

tions receive millions of dollars inPerkin's loans and work-study

'~I annually, aid which is tied to a con-gressional demand to allow the mil-itary to recruit on campus.

These two policies conflict," because the military, which will not

hire openly gay individuals, vio-lates the nondiscrimination policiesof the law schools. Thus lawschools are forced to choosebetween their nondiscriminationpolicies and aid for their students.

The policy "forces schools topick between two disadvantagedgroups: those who are denied

~. ~~rs~~r~f~~~t~~;t::i:~~:~~o~n at~~those who depend on financial aidto pursue a professional educa-

" tion," said Stanford Law Prof.Deborah Rhode, former presidentof the American Association ofLaw Schools.

As detailed in Friday's article,Stanford Law School has used anumber of different tactics to avoid

.t making a direct decision. ButStanford is not alone in its attemptsto subvert the linkage of aid to mil-itary recruitment, a linkage spelled

(~. out in congressional legislationknown as the SolomonAmendment.

In addition to localized effortsat schools like Stanford, variousorganizations and political leadersare conducting a national cam-

''J> paign to repeal all or part of theamendment.

As at Stanford, most lawschools have to face the direct

T - dlIenllna of how to react to the~con:gressionally-mandated imposition ofmilitary recruiters.

Few law schools have comeout in direct defiance of theamendment, which was adopted in1996. One of the few that has is

• New York University Law School.The school, which has outrightrefused to allow military recruiters

" on campus, has not had its federalfunding adversely affected,according to the Chronicle of

www.statravel.com

.,

.'

.. '

March 2, 1999Page 10 THE TECH

AGNES BORS'/.EKI- TlfH TECI!

lakshmi Knight, daughter of the legendary Bharata Natyam dancer Balasaraswatl presents "Varnam," a classical narrative solo dance during the Bala Ensemble's performanceon Saturday. This dance provides an opportunity to exhibit the beauty of pure dance, alternated with lyrical passages In which the dancer interprets the poetic text throughmimetic dance, using gestures and facial expression.

THE TECH Page 11

as Circuits and Electronics (6.002)."We need to think about residen-

tial education," Guttag said. Thetools now used in teaching, henoticed, "are the same tools peoplehave used for hundreds of years."Guttag hopes to explore the use ofinteractive learning tools to betteraddress students' growing interest inCourse VI.

Typically, just below 300 stu-dents major in Course VI each year.but that figure is rising the class of2001 has 360 Course VI majors.

Some changes yet to be determinedThe structure for implementing

these changes is still at an earlystage, where ideas from faculty areorganized by a loose committee sys-tem. Reif will organize input fromthe electrical engineers, whileLozano-Perez will do the same forthe computer science faculty.Guttag will chair a third committeeto oversee them.

Armed with suggestions fromthe faculty, Guttag and the associatedepartment heads will then proposeprograms for connection-buildingand curriculum development.

Further along in the planningprocess, Guttag will select a steeringcommittee to work with the roughproposals and "start involving facul-ty and students," he said.

TIE .-r"__ U6ET'OUTOF.'M.

Curricular redesign plannedGuttag also hopes to redesign

certain aspects of the Course VI cur-riculum, with that effort being ledby Associate Department HeadTomas Lozano-Perez '73.

"We'll be looking hard at thecommon core," Guttag said. Thedepartment is in the process ofrevising some of the more stalecourses, according to Guttag, such

would agree to provide lectures orworkshops at MIT in EECS-relatedfields and in return get an edge onrecruiting MIT students fresh afterthe completion of their degrees.

The EECS department's effortsat building connections with indus-try should be designed to be com-plementary to MIT's career ser-vices, Guttag said, leveraging thedepartment's expertise to addressthe specific needs of EECS majors.Guttag said that the plan would notdisrupt any existing agreementsbetween industry and the Institute,saying that he did not want "step onany toes."

Associate Department HeadRafael L. Reif will assume primaryresponsibility for establishing rela-tionships with leading companies,and according to Guttag, a relation-ship-building program should be puttogether by the Fall of 1999.

EECS to Reinforce Ties WithIndustry, Rethink Curriculumsaid, the whole faculty is involvedin the hiring process, which consistsof a two-day interview for each ofthe roughly forty candidates. "Werely heavily on young facuIty tohelp us find the hot new people inthe field," Guttag said.

The influx of so many new facul-ty members within a relatively shorttime presents the possibility for dis-continuity in the department. "Weneed to set up a fairly careful way toset the new faculty to be a success"at MIT, Guttag said.

Guttag, from Page I

EECS to build ties with industryIn addition to hiring new faculty,

Guttag also plans to restructure theEECS department by formingstronger relationships between theEECS department and leadingindustries.

"We need to rethink the way weinteract with industry," Guttag saidof the EECS department."Historically, the connection withindustry has been achieved throughthe VI-A program ... but today it'snot sufficient." Course VI-A is thedepartment's industry internshipprogram.

"We need to be more aggressivebringing people [from companies]to give talks and maybe even teachclasses" so that students get expo-sure to the applications of electricalengineering and computer science,Guttag said.

Guttag said that the departmentneeds to expose students to whatgoes on at smaller companies inresponse to increasing interestamong Course VI students in join-ing small companies upon gradua-tion.

"We need to find ways to let stu-dents find out about what goes on atsmaller companies, perhaps bybringing entrepreneurs on campus,"Guttag said.

Guttag proposed a program thatwould operate specifically throughthe EECS department. Companies

WAN YUSOF WAN MORSHIDI-THE TECH

Hackers put up a poster In Lobby 7 yesterday to voice their• discontent with various MIT student groups, policies and

administrative d.eclsions.

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March 2, 1999)

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TheTech

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March 2, 1999

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Olufeml A. OmoJola and Nla M. Jetter perform a majestic dance piece at the Uvlng History~ {" 0",. Museum last F.rlday, sponsored by the Campus Committee on Race Relations.~ J...J ..:- ... .>.'" .

/

Interviewing software engineers and product managers"'on campus March 15.See' www.~actcity.com for details.

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1. 1998 Year-End Report: U.S. Dept of Bogus Statistics

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since the end of the Cold War 'Sothat one third of'its business is com-ercial.

Bum~am is a recent addition (~oRaytheon's Board of Directors,having arrived as the chief operat-ing officer in 1998. Before this, hewas vice president and president ofdifferent branches of AlIiedSignal,another electronics defense compa-ny. Prior to joining AlliedSignal,Burham held positions of incre~s~ing responsibility at TheCarborundum Company from )97)to 1982.

"We want the best and the brightestforcing us to push our limits," hesaid. "One day some of you mayfind yourselves on the cover ofFortune. 500. 'TechnologyMagician:How Does She Do It?' "

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March 2, 1999*'

-,ChessTeam Players.Enjoy ToUrnament

THE TECH Page 17

Chess, from Page I

things I've done with MIT," Viloriasaid. "The players are still intenseand want to win, .but the atmosphereis much more social than other tour-:~aments because of the team aspectand all of the side events."

Kachani said that this tourna-.p1ent, his first in the U.S., "was adelighting experience."

Gelman noted that "severalteams sported international grand-r11asters, including former UnitedStates chess champions" despite thefact that this was an amateur tourna-

.plent. "The only restriction on ateam is that it must be an 'amateur'team, which, means more or less thatthere must be at least one personwho is not a chess master," Gelmansaid.

Two six-hour matches were held

. each day of the three day tourna-ment, and the MIT team won five ofsix including the last four. In eachmatch, "four boards from each teamplay each other in' four separategames. A team must score at 2.5 outof 4 to win the match," Gelmansaid. Half a point is awarded forgames ending in draws, and a 2-2 tieresults in a draw for the match. TheMIT team brought five players torotate each round.

Members of the MIT Chess Clubwere selected for the tournamentbased on challenge matches heldbeforehand. Kachani and Chatelaindefeated higher'ranked players inthe club to qualify for the team:

The USA TCE also featured lec-tures by international grandmastersand an exhibition match betweenthe U.S. Women's Champion and asix-time U.S. Chess Champion.

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Page 18 THE TECH March 2, 1999<'-:

Nobel Laureate, Fonner Berkeley Chancellor Dies 1'.V

SALON MARIO RUSSO

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ian comeback 20 years after givingup power. ",'

But a claim of election miscon-duct cast a shadow over the vote,billed as a chance to restore democ-racy to Africa's most populouS',.country.

Late lasCnight, Obasanjo hadcaptured 62 percent of the vote with31 of Nigeria's 36 states and the'federal capital reporting. The offi-cial results were not available at latelast night. i~,

One of Falae's top aides called I

the election "completely fixed." Hisaccusation followed internationalobservers' 'reports of ballot box.,).stuffing and other serious votinginfractions.

"Our delegation members an~.others witnessed serious irregulari-"ties and overt electoral fraud in anumber of states," said former u.s.President Jimmy Carter, who led a60-person delegation of electionobservers.

But Carter added that "a savingfactor was that there was no nation:''vwid~ pattern to favor any' oneparty."

Corruption and mismanagement.. have cost Nigeria billions of dollars,of its massive oil wealth, leavingmuch of its infrastructure crum-bling, with electricity and water ser ...:'vice largely unknown in manycities. '

The country has suffered forfive years under the harsh dictator~ial regime of Gen. Sani Abacha,

. and both Falae and Obasanjo wereimprisoned under his reign a~>political dissenters. They werefreed upon Abacha' s death and thesubsequent rise of a temporarypro..,democratic regime, a regim~that now makes way. forObasanjo's rule.

Even if Falae did not musterenough votes to win the presidency~Nigerians at Yale say it is a no-losesituation, a final step in their coun-.try's transition away from militarjcontrol.

"Whether he or Obasanjo winsis not the point," said FrankArasanyin, a native Nigerian ano~'African studies. lecturer. "-Whoeveris there is going to make a lot ofbasic changes in the status quo." I

Arasanyin said the populardemand for change will beimmutable.

"Given Nigeria's experienc~"under Abacha's military regime," hesaid, "Any ruler who steps up topower will have to face a peoplewho will not give up their deman<[for basic changes."

Though .both candidates madesimilar pledges to tackle the coun....,try's major economic crisis, corrup-tion and widespread poverty, Falaehas been the underdog in the racesince the start.

"Falae isn't as well known asObasanjo," said Wiebe Boer, aNigerian African studies graduat~student born to missionary parents."He was the finance minister whoimplemented a system that waseither a total failure or a succesS)..

• depending on how you look at it."Boer said he throws his support

to Obasanjo. ""In Nigerian politics, he's the

only military leader to hand overhis rule to a civilian government,"he said. "He was also the only onr~who didn't come to power in acoup." _

Boer added that he admiredObasanjo's tenacity while int

prison."For tiim to spend three and a

half years in a Nigerian prisoni~that's worse than hell," he said."[Nelson] Mandela in South Africacould never have done. that."

Arasanyin said he was veryt.~hopeful for Nigeria's future withObasanjo at its helm, but he wasstill unsure of the prospect of havinga former general as president. :.;

"Most of us perceive this gov-ernment as a way to try things out,"he- said. "And then to have a betterperspective on the country's tradi:'"tional problems. Jllis is a wait andsee period."

[yale Daily News, Mar.-}, -J999]~

Yale alum loses in Nigerian electionOlu Falae, the current Nigerian

finance minister, lost in his coun-try's presidential race Sunday tofront-runner Olusegun Obasanjo, aformer military ruler seeking a civil-

ence to enhance athletics at thealready academically-successfulinstitution.

"On the Berkeley campus, I ledwhat one writer called the 'revoltof the intellectuals' against theexcesses of big-time collegesports," Seaborg said."Widespread recruiting violationsbroke up our old intercollegiateathletic" association, and 1 helpedredraw the rules that led to the for-mation of what is now the Pac-lOconference. "

By creating the new conference,Seaborg allowed the UC Berkeleycampus to prove that it could excelnot only in academics, but also inathletics.

"Berkeley proved it was possi-ble to combine athletic and academ-"ic excellence," he once wrote."Ranked third nationally in acade-mics, bur teams won a conferencechampionship in football and anational championship in basket-ball. "

While Seaborg's groundbreak-ing research in the creation of plu-tonium and his role in the govern~ment's top-secret ManhattanProject led to the ~evelopment ofthe atomic bomb during WorldWar II, he later became a strongadvocate of world peace. His advo-cacy against nuclear proliferationis an effort his son David, wholives in Walnut Creek, continues tostress today.

In 1963, Seaborg took a groupof 10 distinguished researchers andscientists to the then-Soviet Unionto study what was going on duringthe Cold War, Ghiorso said. Hedeveloped the Test Ban Treaty tocurtail nuclear proliferation andhelped make sure the treaty couldgo through, Ghiorso added ..

"They travelled for a couple ofweeks, and this was at the height ofthe Cold Wa'r," Ghiorso said."Then Seaborg took us to theEmbassy and then he told us whywe had come and delineated to uswhat each of us would do. He dealtwith the issue in depth and heaccomplished a lot. It was his ideato have the comprehensive TestBan Treaty."

Seaborg and his wife alsohelped set up a hiking trail behindthe East Bay hills, which extendsfrom Contra Costa County to theborder of California. The couple hashiked across the trail.

"He did a lot where a lot of peo-ple wouldn't or couldn't," Ghiorsosaid.

Seaborg's brilliance was distin-guishable early in his career, hiscolleagues said.

"He had to have a sense ofwhat he was going to do early in

. his career at some point, seen ashaving tunnel vision," said LeeSchroeder, director of LBNL'snuclear physics division. "He hadto have been aware of his positionin history."

Seaborg maintained a captivat-ing presence whether he was talkingto a group of school-age children or

- to a symposium of scientists. At 6-feet, 5-inches tall, Seaborg was talland slender. He struck those whomet him as a regular person, butafter speaking and interacting withhim, people realized his greatstature as a true visionary,Schroeder said.

"He had an enormous, broadrange of accomplishments,"Shroeder said. "One gets to meetfew of those in a lifetime."

He is survived by his wife of 56years, Helen Griggs Seaborg, whomhe met at LBNL, and five of sixchildren. His first child, GlennSeaborg, died in 1997.

A memorial service inSeaborg's memory is expected to beannounced soon.

[The Daily Californian, Mar. 1,1999]

135.-

90.-

02116

4 4 8 5

and up

and up

and up

and up

and up

Thereafter

Thereafter

leagues said."When people thought. of

. Berkeley, they thought of Glenn. Seaborg," said Andrew Sessler, an

LBNL physicist who once served asdirector of the lab.

Keeping meticulous notes,Seaborg was constantly mappingout strategies and writing books.Seaborg's work in chemistry andwith the Ato.mic EnergyCommission brought him nationalacclaim.

"He was instrumental in startingactivities in nuclear chemistrybecause of his work with elements;"Sessler said. "He was a strong forcein nuclear chemistry."

Sessler described Seaborg as"balanced and not tied to a particu-lar point of view." One of Seaborg'sgreatest strengths was his knack forhandling administrative matt.ers,because he was a strong at buildinga consensus and organizing aneffort, he said.

"He had seen so much andbeen in so many situations,"Sessler said. "If you were worriedabout s~mething, he knew how tohandle it, because he had probablybeen through the same thing 10times."

Beyond his work as arenowned scientist, Seaborg con-tributed immensely to not only theUC Berkeley campus, but theentire UC syste'm. He served aschancellor of the university from1958 to 1961, as well as a univer-sity professor, a distinguishedposition entitling him a professorof chemistry a.t all nine UC cam-

. puses .. Seaborg was also levelheadedand fO'und relaxation in watchingfootball or playing golf among othersports, according to Ghiorso.

With his interest in sp"orts,Seaborg served as faculty athleticrepresentative in the 1950s andwas partly responsible for thedevelopment of the Pac-lO confer-

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Born on April 19, 1912 in the"isolated iron town" of Ishpeming,Mich., Seaborg grew up during theDepression in Los AngelesCounty. After attending highschool in Watts, he earned anundergraduate degree in chemistryfrom UCLA in 1934. He laterreceived a doctorate in chemistryfrom UC Berkeley.

"Graduate school at Berkeleywas like a pilgrimage to scientificMecca," Seaborg once said. "Thechemists and physicists there werealready legendary."

In 1951, Seaborg shared theNobel Prize for chemistry with thelate Edwin McMillan for researchinto the transuranium (heavier thanuranium) elements. He has alsoserved as president for both theAmerican Association for theAdvancement of Science and theAmerican Chemical Society.

Seaborg's accolades are sonumerous that his name appears inthe Guinness Book of WorldRecords for having the longest entryin "Who's Who in America."

His list of accomplishmentsstretches beyond the sciences andinto education, environmental mat-ters and public service.

He served as associate director-at-large of the Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, a UCBerkeley chemistry professor,cofounder and chair of theLawrence Hall of Science and thefirst scientist to become chair ofthe Atomic Energy Commission --the forerunner of the U.S.Department of Energy -- under theKennedy, Johnson and Nixon pres-idential administrations.

"He always had his eye on theball and knew what he was doing,"said AI Ghiorso, an LBNL physicistand a long-time friend of Seaborg."He wanted to get results."

If Berkeley was the foundationfor nuclear chemistry, then Seaborgmust have been the father, his col-

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was being honored as one of the"Top 75 Contributors to theChemical Enterprise" by theAmerican Chemical Society.

Seaborg was the first living per-son to have an element on the peri-odic table named after him -- cle-ment 106, seaborgium -- and isconsidered a substantial part of UCBerkeley's identity.

"Glenn Seaborg gave his mag-nificent intellect to the world andhis heart and soul to the Universityof California," said UC PresidentRichard Atkinson, in a statement."He once said that everything heachieved he owed to his associa-tion with UC. Few universitiesha ve been gi ven so much inreturn."

During a career spanning morethan five decades, Seaborg garneredinternational acclaim in the sci-ences, education and diplomacy. Hemade an indelible mark on theworld with his contributions to theManhattan Project, which resulted.in the creation of the atomic bomb.

The discovery of 10 atomic ele-ments, including berkelium andcalifornium -- which were namedin honor of the UC Berkeley cam-pus -- are also credited to hiscareer.

But Seaborg's contributions tothe UC Berkeley campus reachedbeyond his scientific efforts. Hisefforts "in education as well as hisconcern and interest in sports ledhim to help create the Pac-IO inter-collegiate athletic conference.

''The world today has lost a greatman of science," said UC BerkeleyChancellor Robert Berdahl, in astatement. "We have lost a reveredmember of our campus family. Heembraced this place as his family,and for more than six decades heloved it as deeply as anyone could.Berkeley, in return, loved him withits whole heart."

..... /

March 2, 1999,-.l

SPORTS THE TECH Page 19

found Geller all alone in front ofthe net. Geller made no mistakeand buried it in the back of the netto give MIT the overtime victoryand the league championship.

With the win, the team is nowoff to play for the national champi-onship in Salt Lake City. Theirround robin bracket has them fac-ing St. Louis University,University of California, LosAngeles, and the two time defend-ing National Champions LifeCollege. Hopefully they canadvance to the semifinals wherethey could face teams likeUniversity of Michigan orMichigan State .

v.reapon, their power play, wasready to go to work. The firstminute of the power play was slowas WPI played strong defense andd!d not allow MIT any opportuni-ties. MIT was forced to regroupfrom their own end on a bad~unce on a pass back to t!:tepoint.Defenseman Jim Goodman Gfound Rae streaking up the sideboards with a quick pass thatc~ught the two WPI forecheckersflat-footed. With Rae's speed andhands the outcome was all buta~sured. Rae side-stepped one ofthe two remaining defenders and

Hockey, from Page 20

~ngineers Travel To Men~ VoUeybaU Defeated By NewUtah For Nationals Paltz at Roger Williams Tourney

By Darius Jazayeri with excellent passing by Ahyow, by middle hitter Ya-bing Chu '99,TEAM MEMBER and hitting by Sattler to win the next outside hitters Bob Moser '99 and

In a successful week, the men's two sets decisively 15-D and 15-12. Darius Jazayeri '00, and right sidevolleyball team defeated Daniel Daniel Webster then came back to hitter Nikolaos Michalakis '01.Webster College on Wednesday to win the fourth set 15-10 but then MIT then faced SUNY Newqualify for the Roger Williams MIT then brought in several veteran Paltz in the semi-final round of theTournament on Saturday. MIT lost players and won the fifth set 15-6. tournament. The Engineers, hurt byto SUNY New Paltz in the semifi- On Saturday the Engineers trav- poor passing, got off to a slow startnals of the playoffs. elled to Rhode Island for a tourna- and lost the first two sets 15-7 and

The Engineers started ment at Roger Williams University. 16-14. MIT came back to win theWednesday's match against Daniel MIT finished first in its pool by first third set 15-13, but again facedWebster with a less experienced defeating Ramapo College 3-2 and passing difficulties, and lost thelineup, led by setter Daniel Levy then Johnson and Wales University fourth set 15-8, ending the'02, and outside hitters Bernard 3-D, whom they had lost to earlier Engineers day. SUNY New PaltzAhyow '01, Angell Shieh '02, and in the season. The Engineers were went on to win the tournament.middle hitter Nathaniel Sattler '02. led by the artful setting of Minpont MIT, now 7-7, hosts SacredThe new lineup started the match a Chien '00, who earned all-tourna- Heart University on Wednesday,bit shaky, and MIT lost the first set ment honors for his play. and plays a rematch against SUNY15-5. The Engineers then regrouped Exceptional offense was provided New Paltz at home on Friday.

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Page 20 THE TECH March 2, 1999 .~

UPCOMING HOME EVENTSTuesday, March 2Baseball vs. Brandeis University, 3:00 p.m.Pistol vs. alumni and alumnae

I~'i

,).

'I'I

Hockey, Page 19

Zehren's legs. Down 3-2 late in thethird period, it looked bad for MIT,but a tremendous individual effortby Geller allowed MIT to tie the \'game. Geller broke down the rightside of the ice and was able to beattwo defenders and walk to the front -5

of the net. With three WPI playershooking him, Geller was able to geta shot off. The WPI goalie made thesave but was completely out of posi- .t;"

tion for the rebound, which Rae was ' \able to tuck into the empty net. Fromthat point on MIT was on fire. Theyhad several excellent chances late in ....regulation, but were not able to beatthe WPI goalie. With the score tiedat 3-3 after regulation the game 4went into sudden death overtime. \

The first opportunity of over- \time was for WPI, but Zehrenmade the save with no trouble. ~After WPI' s scoring chance MITattacked with, a vengeance. Theycontrolled the play for nine minutes. I....-

of overtime but were unable to get t

any great scoring chances untilWPI took a penalty. MIT's best------------- +,

Wednesday, March 3Women's Lacrosse vs. Springfield College, 1:00 p.m.Men's Tennis vs. Clark University, 1:00 p.m.

behind in the early minutes of thegame. A WPI player was able to getopen in front of the net and deflectin a pass from the corner to put WPIup I-D. This time MIT was not ableto bounce right back, and theyended the period down by a goal.

The beginning of the secondperiod did not treat MIT well, as aWPI player broke through the MITdefense and scored on a partialbreak away. Down 2-0 theEngineers did not give up and wereable to claw their way back into thegame. MIT's first goal came fromRae on a brilliant pass by BrettMcKeone G. Less than two minuteslater MIT struck again on the powerplay. Avishai Geller '01 was able towalk out of the corner and beat theWPI goalie with a low shot. MITtook a couple of penalties thatforced them to play shorthandedseveral times in the second period,but they were able to hold off theWPI attack and escape the secondperiod with a 2-2 tie.

MIT fell behind again in the thirdperiod, as a WPI player was able tosneak a shot between goalie

ANNIE'S. CHOI-THE TECH

Mil goalie John Zehren '99 triumphantly holds up the trophy after winning the NorthEast CollegiateHockey Association Championship Sunday.

MIT facing Worcester PolytechnicInstitute in a battle of the engineers.WPI has played MIT extremelytough in the past. The two schoolssplit their last four matches. WPIwas backboned by a tremendousgoaltender who has had MIT's num-ber for the past two seasons. For thesecond straight game, MIT fell

With three strong victories thisweek, the MIT ice hockey team wasable to capture the New EnglandCollege Hockey AssociationChampionship. MIT entered theplayoffs as the first seed with a10-0-0 record in league play thisseason. The playoff format had thetop four teams from each half of theleague qualifying for the playoffs.The top seeded team from eachbracket would play the lowest seed-ed team in the other bracket.

The first round of the playoffstook place Tuesday night at theJohnson arena. MIT played a strongSpringfield college team. Earlier inthe season MIT had defeatedSpringfield 5-1, but Springfieldcame into the playoffs with muchmore intensity then they had shownduring the regular season.Springfield dominated the early por-tion of the game, but MIT was ableto escape the early onslaught withsome excellent goaltending by JohnZehren '99. About ten minutes intothe first period the momentumturned and MIT began to dominatethe game. Two goals late in the firstperiod sent MIT into the lockerroom with a comfortable lead. Forthe rest of the game MIT wasunstoppable. Four goals by JohnRae '99 and an amazing solo effortgoal by J.D. McNally '01 pushedMIT way out in front and they neverlooked back, advancing to the nextround of the playoffs with a 7-1victory.

The semifinals looked like theywere going to be very tough as MIT

SPORTSMen's Ice Hockey Takes Conference ChampionshipsBy John Rae and Jim Goodman had to face Franklin Pierce College._TE_A_M_l...A_PT._/l_IN._S Franklin Pierce defeated Bates col-

lege 9-2 to advance to the semifi-nals and they were excited to faceMIT. Franklin Pierce was the fifthranked team in the northeast andonly the top four teams were invitedto the national tournament. Theybelieved they deserved to go insteadof MIT and they were determined toprove it in the playoffs. FranklinPierce came out flying and jumpedon MIT right at the start of the gamewith an early goal. Franklin Piercecontinued to dominate the game formuch of the first period, but asalways Zehren kept MIT in thegame. With time winding down inthe first period, the Engineers wereable to tie the game on a gritty goalby Mark Cappellari '0 I. Cappellaristole the puck behind the FranklinPierce net and was able to fight hisway in front and squeeze the puckby the goalie on his right side.

The second period proved to beMIT's best period of the game asthey opened up the flood gates onFranklin Pierce to put the game outof reach. Less than a minute into thesecond MIT picked up their secondgoal of the night on a power play.This goal appeared to frustrate theFranklin Pierce players who thentook several more penalties. MIT'spower play was on fire as theyscored twice more. With two moreeven strength goals, MIT walked offat the end of the second period witha 6-1 lead. The Engineers seemedto sit back on the lead in the thirdperiod, but was able to advance witha 6-2 victory.

The championship game had

.1

-c

Thursday, March 4Softball VS. Mount Holyoke College, 12:00, p.m.

ANNIE S. CHOI-THE TECH ANNIE'S. CHO/-THE TECH,.,~

Mil's offensive line overpowers the goalie from Franklin Pierce College during Mil players scramble to control the puck and shoot past defenders from WorcesterSaturday's semI-final game at Northstar Youth Forum In Westborough. Polytechnlcallnstltute during the Championship game Sunday. Mil triumphed 4-3 In

sudden death overtime.

ANNIE S. CHO/-THE TECH

Forward J. D. McNally '01 fights two opponents from Franklin Pierce College for control of the puck InSaturday's semI-final match. Mil won 6-2, advancing to the finals.

, I