R & D and International Collaboration on Tsunami Disaster Management:SATREPS on Tsunamis in Chile

Principal Investigators, SATREPS Chile on TsunamisTakashi TOMITA, PARI

Rodrigo Cienfuegos, CIGIDEN/PUC

Joint Symposium on TsunamisThe Sixth Chile-Japan Symposium on Tsunami Disaster Mitigation, andThe Fifteenth International Workshop on Coastal Disaster Prevention

Kenchiku Kaikan Hall, January 12, 2016

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Big Earthquakes Since 1980

http://www.iris.edu/hq/Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology

Greater than M 7.8Shallower than 30 km

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• Saturday 27 February 2010 at 3:34 a.m. • 125 people killed by the tsunami among 547 people

confirmed dead or missing in the event (Nahuelpan & Varas2010: Legal Medical Service)

• Many people evacuating to hills and staying there several hours

• Debris disaster

Mw 8.8 Maule Earthquake in 2010

Photo by Ms. Cyndi Gatica Mella

Dichato

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Tsunamis in Chile

Chilean tsunami in 2010 propagation to Japan

12 hrs.

24 hrs.

Tsunami generation areas and periods(Courtesy of Prof. Patricio Winckler Grez, UV)

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Enhancement of Technology to Develop Tsunami-Resilient Community

Group 3Precise Tsunami Warning Methods

Dr. Baba, Tokushima U. - Dr. Catalán,

CIGIDEN/UTFSM

Group 2Tsunami Disaster

Estimation Method and Mitigation

MeasuresDr. Takahashi, Kansai U.

- Dr. Aránguiz, CIGIDEN/UCSC

Group 1Mathematical

Simulation Methods to Estimate Tsunami

Damage

Dr. Tomita, PARI - Dr. Cienfuegos, CIGIDEN/UC

Group 4Programs to Create Well-Prepared/Resilient People and Community

Dr. Miura, U. Yamaguchi - Dr. Cifuentes, UDECDr. Ono, Kyoto U. - Mr. Caselli, UV

Purpose: Development of technologies and measures to improve communities and people in Chile, Japan and other tsunami-prone areas to be well-prepared and resilient against tsunamis

Project Period: From 26 January 2012 to 31 March 2016

• SATREPS• Collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency

(JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)• Aims:

– Enhancing international cooperation in science and technology between Japan and developing countries

– Acquiring new knowledge and technology that lead to the resolution of global issues and the advance of science and technology, and through this process, creating innovations

– Capacity Development• Research Fields:

– Environment/Energy– Bioresources– Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and– Infectious Diseases Control

• 99 projects commenced in 43 countries, since 20086

Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

PI: Tomita, PARILeaders:G1: Tomita, PARIG2: Takahashi, Kansai UG3: Baba, Tokushima U.G4: Miura, Yamaguchi U.G4a: Miura, Yamaguchi UG4b: Ono, Kyoto U

Participating Organization:U: Kansai, Kyoto, Nagoya, NDA,

Shizuoka, Tohoku, Tokushima,Tokyo, Tsukuba, Yamaguchi

RI: JAMSTEC, MRI, NILIM, PARIGO: JMA, MLIT

58 researchers and government officials

Formation

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Director: Bordas, MOPManager: Cienfuegos, UC/CIGIDENLeaders:G1: Cienfuegos, UC/CIGIDENG2: Aranguiz, UCSC/CIGIDENG3: Catalan, UTFSM/CIDIDENG4: Cifuentes, UDECG4a: Cifuentes, UDECG4b: Caselli, UV

Participating Organization:U: UC, UCSC, UDEC, UTFSM, UVRI: CIGIDEN, INHGO: MOP, ONEMI, SHOA, Municipality

More than 60 students, professionals and government officials dispatched to Japan for technical exchange and training

JAPAN CHILE

Outputs

• Guideline for Tsunami Propagation and Inundation SHOA

• Tsunami Basics for Engineering MOP/DOP, MINVU, ONEMI, Association of

Minicipalities• Guideline for Port Business Continuity Management MOP/DOP, MTT, SEP, Public Ports, Maritime

Chamber (regarding private ports), DIRECTEMAR, ONEMI

• Guideline for Disaster Imagination Game in Chile ONEMI, Min. Social Development, Asso.

Minicipalities, Minicipalities of Talcahuano, Vina del Mar & Iquique

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Outputs

• Menu of Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Measures MOP/DOP, MINVU

• Tsunami Scenario Database for Decision Making (SIPAT) SHOA, ONEMI

• Reviews of Recent Progress and Proposals on Chilean Tsunami Warning System SHOA, ONEMI

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• Estimation of the worst-case tsunami scenario is crucially important for saving lives.

• Priority measure to save lives is prompt evacuation.

• A measure for prompt evacuation is vertical evacuation.

• …

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Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

Recommendations for tsunami preparedness and response (ONEMI, 2014)

The 2014 Pisagua and 2015 Illapel Tsunamis

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Outputs of Group 1• Numerical simulation of the 2010 Maule earthquake tsunami in

Talcahuano– Including container debris simulation– “Tsunami and Storm Surge Simulator” (STOC) has been technically

transported to Chilean members: CIGIDEN, DOP and INH• Including a 3 d and non-hydrostatic model of fluid motion and debris

simulation model• IDE－CIGIDEN

– A spatial data infrastructure platform including data of the 2010 Maule earthquake tsunami and 2011 Japan tsunami

• Useful to understand tsunamis and their damage on maps

• Tsunami Basics for Engineering– G 2: Tsunami inundation and damage simulation guideline

• Based on the Japanese manual for tsunami propagation and inundation simulation

– Another textbook for understanding tsunami resistant design in collaboration with G2

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STOC System

• STOC-ML is a quasi three-dimensional (Multi-level) model with the hydrostatic pressure assumption, capable of calculating tsunami propagation and inundation in a wide area.

• STOC-IC is a three-dimensional model for calculation of a tsunami in a non-hydrostatic field.

• CADMAS-SURF/3D is a model that can capture the free water surface with the VOF method, capable of calculating tsunami impacts on structures.

• STOC-DM calculates motions of debris, using tsunami flow results of STOC-ML and STOC-IC.

Successfully calculated the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Hachinohe where breakwaters were destroyed by the tsunami action, and in Kuji where the tsunami was transformed to breaking bore.

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Undular Bore

1/67 slope 1/60 slope 1/240 slope 1/100 slope

Wavegenerator

Wave gauge Current meter

1280 1860 1204 722 950

18.06.5

12.3

80.061.0

30.0 25.0 22.0

400

On the slope of 1/67at x=400 m On the slope of 1/100 at x=5866 m

Exp. vs. Cal. by STOC-IC

IDE－CIGIDEN

Example of runup by the 27F tsunami

Spatial data infrastructure platform information and maps

> Information regarding- tsunami inundation,- flow depths, and- run upis available.

> This information will be open to the national and international community for open access by December 2015.

Inundation areas caused by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami

Inundation area caused by the 2015 Illapel tsunami

• Contents– Wave propagation speed,– Water particle velocity,– Increase of tsunami height due to decrease of water depth,

• Wave shoaling in coastal engineering– Wave transformation and deformation,

• Refraction, diffraction, and reflection,• Undular bore and wave breaking

– Wave force formulae,• Formulae of forces on a breakwater, depending on whether the

tsunami overtops it, and is transformed to an undular bore• Formulae of tsunami wave pressure on a vertical wall on land

– Drag and inertia forces on a mass of body,

Tsunami Basics for Engineering

amax

awmax

max

通過波Incident tsunami

– Formulae of debris collision force,• Including examples of various debris

damage– Basic concept to calculate

topographical change induced by a tsunami, and• Basically following the Takahashi

model– Fragility functions

• Houses and buildings– Koshimura and Mas models– Chilean members documented

• Breakwaters• Warehouses on wharfs, and etc.

– Example of tsunami numerical simulation

• Inundation and container debris in Talcahuano by the 2010 Maule tsunami

Example of fragility function

Example of debris damage

• Guideline for Tsunami-Resistant Design of Breakwaters– Port and Harbour Bureau, MLIT, Japan– Based on lessons from the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

• Tsunami-resistance is a basic requirement of breakwater design.

• Tsunami-resilience is also required in breakwaters which are in front of important facilities and areas, even if a tsunami exceeding its design tsunami hit.

• Appendix

Thank you for your attention20