r and visualization: a match made in heaven
TRANSCRIPT
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www.edureka.co/r-for-analytics
R and Visualization: A Match Made in Heaven
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Have a basic understanding of Data Visualization as a field
Create basic and advanced Graphs in R
Change colors or use custom palettes
Customize graphical parameters
Learn basics of Grammar of Graphics
Spatial analysis Visualization
What will you learn today?
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Part 1 : What is Data Visualization ?
• Study of the visual representation of data• More than pretty graphs• Gives insights• Helps decision making• Accurate and truthful
Why Data Visualization? "Lies, damned lies, and statistics" is a phrase describing the persuasive power of numbers, particularly the use of statistics to bolster weak argument Cue to Anscombe-Case Study Source- Anscombe (1973) http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/StatPrimer/anscombe1973.pdf
Data Visualization In R
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> cor(mtcars)
Part 2 : Does This Make Sense?
Data Visualization In R
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Part 2 : Does This Make Better Sense?
• Library(corrgram)• Corrgram(mtcars) RED is negative BLUE is positive• Darker the color, more the correlation
Data Visualization In R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R (Which one should we use and when?)
• Pie Chart (never use them)• Scatter Plot (always use them?)• Line Graph (Linear Trend)• Bar Graphs (When are they better than Line graphs?)• Sunflower plot (overplotting)• Rug Plot• Density Plot• Histograms (Give us a good break!)• Box Plots
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Plot(iris)• Plot the entire object• See how variables behave with each other
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 Basic graphs in R
• Plot(iris$Sepal.Length, iris$Species)
• Plot two variables at a time to closely examine relationship
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 Basic graphs in R• Plot(iris$Species, iris$Sepal.Length)• Plot two variables at a time• Order is important
Hint- Keep factor variables to X axis Box Plot- Five Numbers! minimum, first quartile, median,third quartile, maximum.
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Plot(iris$Sepal.Length)
• Plot one variable
Scatterplot
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Plot(iris$Sepal.Length, type='l')
• Plot with type='l'
• Used if you need trend (usually with respect to time)
Line graph
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Plot(iris$Sepal.Length, type='h') Graph
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 Basic graphs in R
• Barplot(iris$Sepal.Length)Bar graph
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 Basic graphs in R
• Pie(table(iris$Species))• Pie graph• NOT Recommended
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Hist(iris$Sepal.Length)
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Hist(iris$Sepal.Length,breaks=20)
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Plot(density(iris$Sepal.Length)
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in R
• Boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)
Boxplot
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 : Basic graphs in RBoxplot with Rug
• Boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)• Rug(iris$Sepal.Length,side=2)
Adds a rug representation (1-d plot) of the data to the plot.
Basic graphs in R
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Part 3 Customizing Graphs• Multiple graphs on same screen
par(mfrow=c(3,2))> sunflowerplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length)> boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length,type="l")> plot(density(iris$Sepal.Length))> hist(iris$Sepal.Length)
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs• Multiple graphs on same screen
par(mfrow=c(3,2))> sunflowerplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length)> boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length,type="l")> plot(density(iris$Sepal.Length))> hist(iris$Sepal.Length)
???
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs• Multiple graphs on same screen
par(mfrow=c(3,2))> sunflowerplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length)> boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length)> plot(iris$Sepal.Length,type="l")> plot(density(iris$Sepal.Length))> hist(iris$Sepal.Length)
Over-plotting
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs• X Axis, Y Axis, Title, Color
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
> plot(mtcars$mpg,mtcars$cyl,main="Example
Title",col="blue",xlab="Miles per Gallon",
ylab="Number of Cylinders")
> plot(mtcars$mpg,mtcars$cyl)
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs• Background
Try a variation of this yourself par(bg="yellow") boxplot(mtcars$mpg~mtcars$gear)
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs
• Use Color Palettes
> par(mfrow=c(3,2))> hist(VADeaths,col=heat.colors(7),main="col=heat.colors(7)")> hist(VADeaths,col=terrain.colors(7),main="col=terrain.colors(7)")> hist(VADeaths,col=topo.colors(8),main="col=topo.colors(8)")> hist(VADeaths,col=cm.colors(8),main="col=cm.colors(8)")> hist(VADeaths,col=cm.colors(10),main="col=cm.colors(10)")> hist(VADeaths,col=rainbow(8),main="col=rainbow(8)")
source- http://decisionstats.com/2011/04/21/using-color-palettes-in-r/
Customizing Graphs
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Part 3 : Customizing Graphs• Use Color Palettes in RColorBrewer
> library(RColorBrewer)> par(mfrow=c(2,3))> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(3,"Set3"),main="Set3 3 colors")> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(3,"Set2"),main="Set2 3 colors")> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(3,"Set1"),main="Set1 3 colors")> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,"Set3"),main="Set3 8 colors")> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greys"),main="Greys 8 colors")> hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,"Greens"),main="Greens 8 colors")
source- http://decisionstats.com/2012/04/08/color-palettes-in-r-using-rcolorbrewer-rstats/
Customizing Graphs
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Part 4 Advanced Graphs
• Hexbin for over plotting
(many data points at same) library(hexbin)
plot(hexbin(iris$Species,iris$Sepal.Length))
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 Advanced Graphs
• Hexbin for over plotting(many data points are
same)
library(hexbin)
plot(hexbin(mtcars$mpg,mcars$cyl))
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 : Advanced Graphs
• Tabplot for visual summary of a dataset
library(tabplot)
tableplot(iris)
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 : Advanced Graphs
• Tabplot for visual summary of a dataset
library(tabplot)
tableplot(mtcars)
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 Advanced Graphs
• Tabplot for visual summary of a dataset
• Can summarize a lot of data relatively fast
library(tabplot)
library(ggplot)
tableplot(diamonds
)
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 : Advanced Graphs
• Vcd for categorical data
• Mosaic
library(vcd)
mosaic(HairEyeColor
)
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 : Advanced Graphs
• Vcd for categorical data• Mosaic
library(vcd)
mosaic(Titanic)
Advanced Graphs
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Part 4 : Lots of Graphs in R
heatmap(as.matrix(mtcars))
Advanced Graphs
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