QUOTATIONS, CITATIONS AND SOURCES

QUOTE, PARAPHRASE AND SUMMARIZE APPROPRIATELY

• You must build your paper out of your own words the reflect your own thinking. But you’ll support much of that thinking with quotations, paraphrases and summaries.

• SUMMARIZE when details are irrelevant or a source isn’t important enough for you to warrant much space

• PARAPHRASE when you can state what a source says more clearly or concisely or when your argument depends on the details in a source but not on its specific words

QUOTE FOR THESE PURPOSES

• The words themselves are evidence that backs up your reasons

• The words are from an authority who backs up your claims

• The words are strikingly original or express your key concepts so compellingly that the quotation can frame an extended discussion

• A passage states a view that you disagree with, and to be fair you want to quote it exactly

INTEGRATING DIRECT QUOTATIONS INTO YOUR TEXT

• Signal direct quotations in one of two ways• For four or fewer quoted lines, run them into

your text, surrounded by quotation marks [RUN IN]

• For five or more lines, set them off as an indented block [BLOCK]

INSERTING QUOTES (1):

• Drop in quote with a few identifying words• E.g. Author says, According to author, As

author puts it• Diamond says, “The histories of the Fertile

Crescent and China hold a salutary lesson for the modern world: circumstances change, and past primacy is now guarantee of future primacy.”

INSERTING QUOTES (2)

• Introduce quote with sentence that interprets or characterizes it

• Diamond suggests what we can learn from the past: “The histories of the Fertile Crescent and China hold a salutary lesson for the modern world.”

INSERTING QUOTES (3)

• Weave the grammar of the quotation into the grammar of your own sentence

• Diamond suggest what political leaders can learn from history, that the “lesson for the modern world” in the history of the Fertile Crescent and China is that “circumstances change, and past primacy is no guarantee of future primacy.”

REVIEW: QUOTATION METHODS

• (1) Drop in quote with a few identifying words.E.g. Author says, According to author, As author puts it

• (2)Introduce quote with sentence that interprets or characterizes it. E.g., Diamond suggests what we can learn from the past: “The histories of the Fertile Crescent.. .”

• (3)Weave the grammar of the quotation into the grammar of your own sentence. E.G. Diamond suggest what political leaders can learn from history, that the “lesson for the modern world” in the history

Do not begin with capital• The grammar of the quote

is continuous with the sentence

• Diamond suggests that there exists a “lesson for the modern world in the history of these cultures.”

Begin with capital • The grammar of the quote

is not continuous with the grammar of the sentence

• As Diamond says, “The lesson for the modern world is that we must learn from the past.”

REMEMBER!

• ALWAYS PUT PUNCTUATION INSIDE QUOTATION MARKS. FAILUR TO DO SO WILL BE DETRMIMENTAL TO YOUR GRADE

REMEMBER

• Do not have a quotation by itself as a sentence

• Punctuation goes within quotes

DOCUMENTING SOURCES

• You will be using HYPERLINKS to document sources for your claims

• Hyperlink a word or phrase to the webpage you are using as support

• On a separate sheet of paper you will provide (a) a list of your hyperlinks

• (b) A description of the purpose of those hyperlinks

Hyperlink Page

• 1.write out underlined term• 2. Provide the link• 3. explain what the link demonstrates

In paper

• Prostitution is the practice of ”engaging in promiscuous sexual relations, especially for money.”

On hyperlink page

• Prostitution:• Link: http://www.merriam-webster.com/• Explanation: Definition of prostitution

In paper

• It was estimated that .8 of the world population is infected with AIDS.

On hyperlinks page

• estimated• http://www.globalhealthfacts.org/data/topic/

map.aspx?ind=3• Explanation: Kaiser family foundation

estimate of total number of world AIDS cases

FINAL PAPER WILL HAVE

• I. OUTLINE• II. PAPER• III. HYPERLINK (SOURCES)PAGE