quiz four (2:00 to 2:05 pm) - southalabama.edu · hotspot . pluton . isotherm . active, extinct,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Quiz Four (2:00 to 2:05 PM)
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GY 111: Lecture test preparation Tuesday September 20th
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GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One (2016) Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of them in the definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture test. They are not the only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay questions will require comprehensive study of your lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a text book (hardcopy or electronic) during studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
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hotspot pluton isotherm active, extinct, dormant volcano viscosity cinder cone, composite, shield volcano pyroclastic caldera nueé ardent mineral classes lahar fractionation dike, sill bonding (metallic, ionic, covalent, hydrogen)
magma, lava crust, mantle, core (inner and outer)
convergent, divergent, transform plate boundaries
island arc Paleomagnetism lithosphere, asthenosphere subduction protons, neutrons, electrons atomic number, atomic weight cations, anions polymorph Rocks, Minerals rock cycle extrusive (volcanic) rocks intrusive (plutonic) rocks pyroclastic igneous rocks
Word List for Lecture Test 1
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GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of them in the definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture test. They are not the only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay questions will require comprehensive study of your lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a text book (hardcopy or electronic) during studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
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GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of them in the definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture test. They are not the only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay questions will require comprehensive study of your lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a text book (hardcopy or electronic) during studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
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Word List for Lecture Test 1 GY 111 Essay Question For Lecture Test One
In addition to this word list, I present you with one of the 3 essay questions that will appear on Lecture test 1. 1) There are a lot of different silicate mineral subclasses. What are they, how do they differ and why are they so prevalent in the earth’s’ crust?. Use sketches to augment your answer.
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GY 111: Physical Geology
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
Lecture 8: Crystallization of Magma
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
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Last Time 1. Volcanic Landforms
2. Volcanic eruptions (case studies) 3. Measurements of activity
Web notes 7
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Cross-section of an Active Composite
Volcano
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Landforms of Extinct Volcanoes
Calderas: Can form via collapse (boring) or explosion (exciting). When filled with water they are called crater lakes. http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/ROCKMIN/Ig-Rocks/CALDERA.GIF
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Shield Volcanoes, fissure eruptions, oceanic hot spots: The lava flows come in two main “flavors”
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Pahoehoe (AKA ropey) Aa (AKA jagged)
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Composite Volcanoes and continental hot spots: are dangerous
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Mt. Pinatubo David H. Harlow/U.S.Geological Survey
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1) Kilauea, Hawaii
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
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Today’s Agenda 1. Volcanic Landforms
2. Volcanic eruptions (case studies) 3. Measurements of activity
Web notes 7
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Cross-section of an Active Composite
Volcano
Chalk board time
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Volcanic Islands (Island Arcs)
Island Arcs: chains of composite volcanic islands that pop up on the overriding plate along an oceanic-oceanic plate boundary
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Shield Volcanoes, fissure eruptions, oceanic hot spots: all produce low viscosity lava flows that when cooled, form rocks like basalt
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
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Shield Volcanoes, fissure eruptions, oceanic hot spots: The lava flows come in two main “flavors”
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Pahoehoe (AKA ropey) Aa (AKA jagged)
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Composite Volcanoes and continental hot spots: produce high viscosity lava flows that might flow and form rocks like rhyolite…
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
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Composite Volcanoes and continental hot spots: are dangerous
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Mt. Pinatubo David H. Harlow/U.S.Geological Survey
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1) Kilauea, Hawaii
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
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2) Lake Nyos, Africa
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
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3) Mt Pelée, Martinique
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
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Volcanic Activity (recap)
Three states of activity are recognized: 1) Active - the volcano is either erupting now, or there is a
historical record of it erupting in the past 2) Dormant - no record of recent activity (i.e., no historical
observations), but the volcano looks “fresh” and may show some signs of thermal activity
3) Extinct - it may be a volcano, but it is badly eroded, tree encrusted and shows no signs of thermal activity
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Today’s Agenda 1) The chemical composition of the crust
2) Crystallization of molten rock 3) Bowen's Reaction Series
Web notes 8
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
Sodium 2.8 2.5
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
Sodium 2.8 2.5
Potassium 2.6 1.8
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
Sodium 2.8 2.5
Potassium 2.6 1.8
Magnesium 2.1 1.4
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
Sodium 2.8 2.5
Potassium 2.6 1.8
Magnesium 2.1 1.4
All other elements 1.5 3.3
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Chemical Composition of the Crust
SiO2
Element Wt% % of atoms
Oxygen 46.6 60.5
Silicon 27.7 20.5
Aluminum 8.1 6.2
Iron 5.0 1.9
Calcium 3.6 1.9
Sodium 2.8 2.5
Potassium 2.6 1.8
Magnesium 2.1 1.4
All other elements 1.5 3.3
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Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
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Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
crystallization (seed crystals)
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Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
crystallization (seed crystals)
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Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
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Crystallization of Magma
There is a specific order of crystallization in a typical magma
The Bowen’s Reaction Series
(Chalkboard)
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Source http://www.ltcconline.net/julian
Bowen’s Reaction Series
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Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Igneous Rock Composition
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Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Chalk Board
Igneous Rock Composition
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Igneous Rock Composition
Composition Formation Temperature
Dominant Minerals
Silica content
Ultramafic Very high Olivine, pyroxene Very low (<45%)
Mafic High Olivine, pyroxene, Ca-plagioclase
low
Intermediate Medium Na-Plagioclase, amphibole, biotite
moderate
Felsic Medium-low Orthoclase, quartz, muscovite, biotite
high (>65%)
Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
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Igneous Rock Texture
Extrusive Rocks (Rapid Cooling; non visible* crystals) Intrusive Rocks (slow cooling; 100 % visible crystals) *with a hand lens
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Igneous Rock Texture
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Today’s Homework 1. Check out sample exam & word list 1
2. Study; Lecture test 1 is coming up (Sept 20)
Next Time Extrusive igneous rocks
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GY 111: Physical Geology
Lecture 8: Crystallization of Magma
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.