Quiz #6 available until Tuesdayat 11pm.

Exam #3 rebuttals due Wed.

Review tonight at 5:30 T-639Health Science Building

1. Identify

2. Identify

3. What happens when #2 is blocked?

4. Identify

5. What happens when someone has their gallbladder removed?

Location of the Kidneys

• posterior abdominal wall• retroperitoneal• T12-L3• adrenal gland: superomedial

L1

L3

Renal artery & veinHilum

Renal capsuleRenal fasciaAdipose capsule

Nephron = Renal corpuscle + renal tubule

Renal corpuscle: glomerulus + Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule glomerular filtration creating plasma-like filtrate of the blood

Afferent arteriole

Efferentarteriole

Glomerular capillarieswith podocytes(visceral)

Proximal convolutedtubule

Simple, squamous epithelium(parietal) Vascular pole

Podocytes

Capsule space• glomerular filtrate

Urinary pole

Filtration slits

Endothelial cells w/BM

Filtration membrane

Hematuria = bloodProteinuria = protein

Renal tubuleRenal corpuscle

Proximal convolute tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting duct

Renal papilla

Juxtaglomerular apparatus• macula densa• JG cells• mesangial cells

Macula densa• epithelial cells• monitor flow/comp of fluid in DCT• comm with JG cells

JG cells• smooth muscle• constrict afferent art

Mesangial cells

DCT

Juxta = next toMacula = spot, patch

Kidney stones (renal calculus)• calcium, phosphate, uric acid, protein• form in renal pelvis• excess calcium, dehydration, pH imbalance, cystitis

Renal pelvis

ureter

Urinary bladder

Detrusor mm

Parietal peritoneum

Urethral openings in trigone

Internal urethral sphincter• smooth muscle

External urethral sphincter• skeletal muscle

Prostatic urethra

Membranous urethraSpongy urethra

Male urethra

urethra

Female urethra

Pubis sym.

sacrum

Levator ani

coccygeus

piriformis

Pelvic floor muscles