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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS

Spirometer

Electrocardiogram

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SpirometerSpirometer

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Electrocardiogram (EKG)

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

EKG Phases: Comparison of Atrial and Ventricular PhasesEKG Phases: Comparison of Atrial and Ventricular Phases

Lead 2 EKG ComponentsLead 2 EKG Components

EKG Phases: Ventricular PhasesEKG Phases: Ventricular Phases

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Ventricular PhasesVentricular Phases

Ventricular Systole Ventricular Diastole

IsovolumetricContraction(0.05 sec)

VentricularEjection(0.25 sec)

IsovolumetricRelaxation(0.08 sec)

VentricularFilling

(0.42 sec)

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Comparison of Atrial and Ventricular Phases

Comparison of Atrial and Ventricular Phases

Atrial Systole(0.1 sec)

Atrial Diastole(0.7 sec)

Ventricular Systole(0.3 sec)

Ventricular Diastole(0.5 sec)

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Lead 2 EKG ComponentsLead 2 EKG ComponentsClick on an area to identify it

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The P Wave: Caused by atrial depolarization; as a result, the myocardium surrounding the two atria contracts. This is the beginning of ATRIAL SYSTOLE.

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The QRS Complex (0.05-0.12 sec.): Caused by ventricular depolarization; as a result, the myocardium surrounding the two ventricles contracts. This is the beginnining of VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE. The QRS complex also masks atrial repolarization, since it occurs at the same time. As a result, the myocardium surrounding the two atria relaxes. Therefore, this is also the beginning of ATRIAL DIASTOLE.

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The T Wave (0.12 sec.): Caused by ventricular repolarization; as a result, the myocardium surrounding the two ventricles relaxes. This is the beginning of VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE.

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The P-Q (or P- R) Interval (0.12-0.2 sec.): The period of time from the beginning of ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION to the beginning of VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION. This represents the time it takes for the electrical signals to pass from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers.

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The Q-T Interval (0.3 sec.) The period of time from the beginning of VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION to the end of VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION. This represents the time it takes for the electrical signals to pass through the myocardium surrounding the two ventricles, followed by a wave of repolarization.

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The Isoelectric Line or Baseline: The period of time when either no electrical signals are passing through the myocardium (during ATRIAL DIASTOLE and VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE) or the net electrical signal is perpendicular to the LEAD (direction between 2 electrodes on the surface of the skin).

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The Isoelectric Line or Baseline: The period of time when either no electrical signals are passing through the myocardium (during ATRIAL DIASTOLE and VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE) or the net electrical signal is perpendicular to the LEAD (direction between 2 electrodes on the surface of the skin).

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The ST segment: The period of time from the end of VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION to the beginning of VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION.

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