quick guide chicago turabian2012

8/11/2019 Quick Guide Chicago Turabian2012

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CMU Writing Center: Updated 4/10/2012

CMU WRITING CENTER

QUICK TIPS GUIDE: WRITING IN CHICAGO MANUAL (CMS) AND TURABIANSTYLE

I. CMS AND TURABIAN: A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE TWO STYLES

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is most often used by editors, proofreaders,indexers, copywriters, publishers, and historians. Turabian Style is a modified form ofCMS that has been adapted to help students prepare academic papers of all types.Turabian style is slightly more flexible than CMS, and there are subtle differences insome of the rules that govern each style.

This outline of CMS/Turabian style guidelines is written in Turabian style. Outlines inTurabian Style follow this format:

I. (Roman numeral)A. (Capital letter)1. (Number)

a) (Lowercase letter followed by closing parenthesis)(1) (Number enclosed in parenthesis)

(a) (Lowercase letter enclosed in parenthesis)

i) (Roman numeral with lowercaseletters followed by a closing

parenthesis)

II.

GUIDELINES & BASIC FORMATTING from The Chicago Manual of Style , 16th

editionand A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , 7 th edition

A. TITLE PAGE

Start with a title page (if required by your professor). About a third of the way down the page,type the title of your paper in 12 pt., Times New Roman font and in ALL CAPS. If there is asubtitle, introduce it with a colon. Directly beneath the title, include your name. Your professormay require you to include additional information, such as the name of your university, thecourse information, and/or the date; type them each on their own line. Ask him or her if you areuncertain.

1. The title page usually does not count toward the total number of pages or totalword count required by your professor; however, it is paginated along with the

Remember, even if your professor asks you to use CMS or Turabian style, he or she mayhave additional or unique requirements that are not included in the two styles. In all cases,follow your professors instructions, even if they differ from the recommendations ofthe CMS and Turabian style guides.


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rest of the document. So, your title page will be page 1 and the first page of theessay, page 2. Do not include the page number on the title page; to do so, makesure Show number on first page is not clicked. Page numbers go in the upperright-hand corner of each page, 0.5 from the top

2.

Do not capitalize articles ( a , an , the ), or the words to and as unless such a word isthe first or last word in the title or subtitle. Do not capitalize prepositions ( of , in ,at , above , against , etc.) unless they are emphasized or used as adverbs, adjectives,or conjunctions.

3. You must capitalize short verbs ( is, are ), adjectives ( old ), personal pronouns ( it ,we), and relative pronouns ( that , who , which ).

4. Do not capitalize the second or subsequent parts of a hyphenated compound,unless it is a proper noun or adjective.

a)

To Have and to Hold: A Twenty-first-century View of Marriage b) The Economic Effects of the Civil War in the Mid-Atlantic States

5. Do not capitalize parts of proper nouns that are ordinarily in lowercase, such as dein Alexis de Tocqueville or van in Ludwig van Beethoven.

6. For titles in languages other than English, use sentence-style capitalization. Forexample: Feminist Symbolism in La reine du silence

7. For titles of works published in the eighteenth century or earlier, retain theoriginal capitalization (and spelling); however, words spelled out in all capitalletters should be given with an initial capital only. For example, A Treatise of mall

philosophy Contaynyge the saying of the wyse .

8. Use quotation marks and underline or italicize when referring to other works inyour title, just as you would in your text, e.g.,

a) Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play b) Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking"

B. DOCUMENTING SOURCES: FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES, & BIBLIOGRAPHY

Footnotes are appropriate when it is important to view the sources and text on the same page,whereas endnotes are more appropriate if you wish to include substantive information in yournotes. In this case, the notes should not be lengthy. It is always a good idea to check with theinstructor to see what he/she prefers.


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1. Creating Footnotes/Endnotes and the Bibliography

a) When citing a source in the text, insert a superscript number, like this one. 1

Many programs will automatically do this when you insert a note.

b) Whether or not you superscript the numbers in the notes themselves is amatter of your (or your instructors) preference.

2. Books

a) Your notes and bibliographic entries should follow this basic format for books: Author Name, Name of Book, (Location of publication: PublishingHouse, year of publication), page number(s). If the authors name is unknownor guessed, but not included on the title page of the book, use brackets. If the

authors name is not known, you can begin the entry with the article or booktitle.

In-text Citation (footnote or endnote) Bibliographic Entry

1 Michael Pollan, The Omnivores Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York:Penguin, 2006), 99100.

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals . NewYork: Penguin, 2006.

10 [Samuel Horsley?], On the Prosodies of theGreek and Latin Languages (London, 1776).

[Horsley, Samuel]. On the Prosodies of theGreek and Latin Languages . London,1796.

b) Book with only an editor


1 Joel Greenberg, ed. Of Prairie, Woods andWater: Two Centuries of Chicago NatureWriting (Chicago University of Chicago Press,2008), 42.

Greenberg, Joel, ed. Of Prairie, Woods andWater: Two Centuries of ChicagoWriting . Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 2008.

1 Superscripts are positioned higher than the rest of the text.


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c) Book with three or fewer authors


11 Joyce Heatherton, James Fitzroy, andJackson Hsu, Meteors and Mudslides: A Tripthrough

Heatherton, Joyce, James Fitzgilroy, andJackson Hsu. Meteors and Mudslides:

A Trip through

34 Dana Barnes et al., Plastics: Essays on American Corporate Ascendance in the 1960s

Barnes, Dana, Terri Graham, StephenRousseau, Angelo Moreno, Alfred Austin,Angela Pohlman, and Sherri Blalock. Plastics: Essays on American Corporate

Ascendance in the 1960s

d) Book with a translator or chapter in an edited book with a translator

e) Chapter in a edited book (English)


63 Gabriel Garca Marquez, Love in the Timeof Cholera , trans. Edith Grossman (London:Cape, 1988), 24255.

Marquez, Gabriel Garca. Love in the Time ofCholera . Translated by Edith Grossman.London: Cape, 1988.

4 Theodore Silverstein, trans., Sir Gawain andthe Green Knight (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1974), 34.

Silverstein, Theodore, trans. Sir Gawain andthe Green Knight . Chicago: Universityof Chicago Press, 1974.

10 Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin,The Complete Correspondence, 19281940 , ed.Henri Lonitz, trans. Nicholas Walker(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999),87.

Adorno, Theodor W. and Walter Benjamin,The Complete Correspondence, 1928

1940 . Edited by Henri Lonitz. Translated by Nicholas Walker. Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press, 1999.


45 Glenn Gould, Streisand as Schwarzkopf,in The Glenn Gould Reader , ed. Tim Page (NewYork: Vintage, 1984), 324.

Gould, Glenn. Streisand as Schwarzkopf. InThe Glenn Gould Reader , edited by TimPage, 30811. New York: Vintage, 1984.


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3. Articles in Journals and Periodicals

a) For journals and periodicals, include volume and issue number , if available.

b) For magazines , include the author and title of the article, the name of themagazine, the date of publication, and the page number. Page range does not need to be included.

c) When using articles found online , use the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) ifavailable. Otherwise, just use the URL instead.


16 William J. Novak, The Myth of theWeak American State, American Historical

Review 113 (June 2008): 758,doi:10.1086/ahr.113.3.752.

Novak, William J. The Myth of the WeakAmerican State. American Historical

Review 113 (June 2008): 75272.doi:10.1086/ahr.113.3.752.

34 Wilfried Karmus and John F. Riebow,

Storage of Serum in Plastic and GlassContainers May Alter Serum Concentration ofPolychlorinated Biphenyls, Environmental

Health Perspectives 112 (May 2004): 645, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3435987/.

Karmaus, Wilfried and John F. Riebow.

Storage of Serum in Plastic and GlassContainers May Alter the SerumConcentration of PolychlorinatedBiphenyls. Environmental HealthPerspectives 112 (May 2004): 64747.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3435987.

8 John Samples, The Origin of ModernCampaign Finance Law, chap. 7 in The Fallacyof Campaign Finance Reform (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2006).

Samples, John. The Origin of ModernCampaign Finance Law. Chap. 7 in TheFallacy of Campaign Finance Reform .Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

2006.


76 Walter Blair, Americanized ComicBraggarts, Critical Inquiries 4, no. 2 (1977):335.

Blair, Walter. Americanized ComicBraggarts. Critical Inquiries 4, no. 2(1977): 33149.


26 Paul Saulnier, From Vine to Wine,Cornell Alumni Magazine , September/October2008, 48.

Saulnier, Paul. From Wine to Vine. Cornell Alumni Magazine . (September/October2008).


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d) If an organization issues a publication that carries no authors name on thetitle page, the organization is listed as the author in the bibliography, even if itis also provided as the publisher. This is not necessary in the note.

e) Revised editions or editions other than the first must be noted in yourcitations and bibliography. It is not necessary to include the original

publication date, but you may do so.

f) For works published before 1900 , it is not necessary to include the publishers name; include only the place and date of publication.


1 Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield

(Salisbury, 1766).Goldsmith, Oliver. The Vicar of Wakefield .

Salisbury, 1776.

1 Florence Babb, Between Field and CookingPot: The Political Economy of Marketwomen inPeru , rev. ed. (n.p.: University of Texas Press,1989), 199.

Babb, Florence. Between Field and CookingPot: The Political Economy of

Marketwomen in Peru . Rev. ed. n.p.:University of Texas Press, 1989.


45 The Chicago Manual of Style , 16th ed.(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010).

University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style . 16th ed. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2010.


5 Karen V. Harper-Dorton and Martin

Herbert, Working with Children, Adolescents,and Their Families , 3rd ed. (Chicago: LyceumBooks, 2002), 43.

Harper, Karen V. and Martin Herbert.Working with Children, Adolescents,and Their Families . 3rd ed. Chicago:Lyceum Books, 2002.

2. Florence Babb, Between Field and CookingPot: The Political Economy of Marketwomen inPeru , rev. ed. (Austin: University of Texas Press,1989), 199.

Babb, Florence. Between Field and CookingPot: The Political Economy of

Marketwomen in Peru . Rev. ed. Austin:University of Texas Press, 1989.

16. Kate Turabian, A Manual for Writers of

Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , 7th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007),57.

Turabian, Kate. A Manual for Writers of

Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations .7th ed. Revised by Wayne C. Booth,Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M.Williams. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 2007.


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4. Formatting Footnotes/Endnotes: Shortened Notes

a) In the first footnote from a source, provide the full bibliographic reference,including page numbers. Use a shortened version of the notes in subsequentreferences following this method:

Baker stated that images of women were marked by bandanas and strong arms. 1 She suggested that womens roles were complicated by a military presence. 2 Baker extensively explored the role of women in war and especially noted the wearing of

bandanas as a symbol for women working in traditional male jobs. 3

First reference to the source 1 Joyce Baker, Images of Women in Film: the War Years,19411945 (Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1985), 168169.

Second and next referenceto same source and pagenumber, or immediatelyfollowing another Ibid .

2 Ibid.

Second and next referenceto same source, orimmediately followinganother Ibid , in both caseswith new page number

3 Ibid.,175 2

Later reference to samesource, but separated bydifferent source referencesor pages

5 Baker, Women, 180.

b) If all your quotes and paraphrasing come from one source, the first noteshould be the full bibliographic reference. Use parenthetical references for anyother cited source material. In the parenthetical references, include only the

page number(s); it is not necessary to add the authors name or the title ofthe work, as they will be understood from the first bibliographicreference. Although this is true to the latest CMS/Turabian styles (as of2012), your instructor may still want you to use footnotes or endnotes.

2 Ibid. , meaning in the same place, in this case refers to the Baker source and is used because it is referencedimmediately after the same source first introduced or immediately after another Ibid. that itself immediatelyreferences the source material.


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5. Formatting the Bibliography Page

a) In the bibliography, each entry is single-spaced and the spacing betweenentries is double. Entries appear in alphabetical order. Bibliography iscentered. A hanging indent of .5 inches is used in each entry that in longer

than one line. ______________________________________________________________________________

Bibliography

Book, single author Blackbird, A.J. History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan . Petoskey: Little Traverse Regional Historical Society,1887.

Book, single author(with an editor)

Barsch, Russel Lawrence. The Challenge of Indigenous Self-Determination. Native Americans and the Law: Native American

Sovereignty . Edited by John R. Wunder. New York: Garland, 1996.Two authors Deloria Jr., Vine and Clifford M. Lytle. The Nations Within: The Past

and Future of American Indian Sovereignty . Austin: University ofTexas Press, 1998.

Translated book Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Translated by RichardPhilcox. New York: Grove, 2004.

Chapter in a book Hirst, Paul. The International Origins of National Identity. In Politicsand the End of Identity , ed. Kathryn Dean, 265-283.Brookfield: Ashgate, 1997.

Subsequent editionof a book

Jones, Judy and William Wilson. An Incomplete Education . 3rd edition. New York: Random House, Inc., 1987.

Visual media, videorecording

Journey to Sovereignty . Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians.DVD. Harbor Springs, MI: Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa,2001.

Online source,URL, non-paginated

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. Tribal History. LittleTraverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians.http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/TribalHistory.html.
http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/TribalHistory.htmlhttp://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/TribalHistory.html


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Legislation Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Actand the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Little

River Band of Ottawa Indians Act . 103 rd Cong., 2d sess., 1994, S. Hrg.103-543.

Online source,URL, paginated

Washburn, Wilcomb. A Fifty-Year Perspective on the IndianReorganization Act, The American Anthropological Association,279-280. http://jstore.org/stable/678961.

C. STYLISTICS

1. Verb Tense

a) Present Tense : Use the present tense to express a habitual action (e.g., the doghowls) or a general truth (e.g., the sun shines brightly); to refer to timeless facts, suchas memorable persons and to works of the past that are still extant or enduring (e.g.,Julius Caesar describes his strategies in The Gallic War ); and to narrate a fictionalworks plot (e.g., the scene takes place aboard the Titanic ). Remember, characters inworks of fiction do thingsnot did them.

b) Past Tense : Use the past tense to express an act, state, or condition that occurred orexisted at some explicit or implicit point in the past (e.g., the auction endedyesterday) or when using a signal phrase to introduce a quote (e.g., Schmidt lamentedthat no data had been submitted). The past tense is used more frequently inhistorical disciplines, as events or actions that have taken place at a definite point inthe past have already occurredthey are not still occurring. To speak about a pastevent that comes up to and touches the present, use the present perfect form of theverb (e.g., I have been playing cards for the last two hours).

2. Active and Passive Voice : Generally, but not always, passive voice (e.g. the matter wasgiven careful consideration) is considered inferior to active voice (e.g., the Boardconsidered the matter carefully), especially in scientific and historical disciplines.However, the choice between active and passive voice can depend on what perspectiveyou as the writer want to emphasize. Compare: The criminal was caught by the police . The police caught the criminal. The first sentence describes the criminals experience,whereas the second describes the polices. As always, check with your instructor.

3. Headings : CMS and Turabian styles offer an optional heading format. If you prefer touse your own, make sure that it is consistent. Check with your instructor to make sure heor she does not prefer you use a different style.

Level 1 heading Centered, Boldface or Italic Type , Headline-style Capitalization Level 2 heading Centered, Regular Type, Headline-style Capitalization

Level 3 heading Flush Left, Boldface or Italic Type , Headline-style
http://jstore.org/stable/678961http://jstore.org/stable/678961


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Capitalization Level 4 heading Flush left, roman type, sentence-style capitalization

Level 5 headingRun in at beginning of paragraph (no blank line after),boldface or italic type , sentence-style capitalization, terminalperiod.

4. Block Quotations : Any quotation that is five lines or longer should be offset from thetext, single-spaced, indented in its entirety four spaces from the left margin with noquotation marks at the beginning or end. Do not indent the first line of the blockquotation. However, if the block quotation contains several paragraphs, indentsubsequent paragraphs. For example:

Recognizing the role the hegemony plays in defining the limits of identity-claims, fracturing

them into warring, disparate entities, is absolutely essential to deconstructing sexuality and

gender. Furthermore, it is equally important to expose the role of the hegemony in the classroom:

to glorify hetero (meaning other or different) sexual (referring to sexboth in its so-called

biological and cultural formsand sexual orientation) normalcy. Katherine Raymond, author of

Reflections on Sexual Non-Identity, argued that

its hard enough to be queerin a heterosexist, homophobic society, and tofeel the pressure of constantly asserting your sexuality, as a defined entity,in a society where straightness as the unmasked term, is assumed until

proven otherwise. Its hard enough to be unsure what exactly this monolithicsexual identity of yours is, and constantly wonder whether it makes senseto out yourself, again and again in an endless stream of new situations,when its not even clear exactly what youre outing. Its bad enough

Contemporary Literature (Level 1)

What Are the Major Movements? (Level 2)

Beat Generation (Level 3)

Significant figures, elements, and events (Level 4)

Kerouac as the leader . The role of founding Beat Generation poet was filled by JackKerouac (Level 4)


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feeling like youre living a lie if you allow straight people to assume youretotally straight and gay people to assume youre totally gay. 1

5. Signal / Lead-in Verbs:

When you use a source in your writing, demonstrate your evaluation of the source's reliability bycarefully choosing a signal verb to show your understanding of the author's purpose, intentions,and the degree to which he affirms his or her statement. By using signal verbs, you let readersknow the context in which the source's statement should be viewed. The following page containsa list of examples (in past tense).

accepted acknowledged added affirmed agreed argued asserted believed cautioned challenged claimed commented contended contradicted conceded

declared denied described disagreed discussed disputed emphasized endorsed explained granted highlighted implied insisted maintained negated

noted observed outlined proposed refuted rejected reported responded showed suggested thought urged verified wrote/written

For example: In Das Kapital , Karl Marx insisted that Capitalism would alienate the working class from the

surplus value its labor created.1

III. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

A. CMU Virtual Reference Collection, Style Guides: http://www.lib.cmich.edu/departments/reference/

B. University of Wisconsin Writing Center: http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocChicago.html

C. Purdue Universitys Online Writing Lab (OWL): http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/12/

D. CMU Writing Center: Park Library 400 (774-2986); Anspach 003 (774-1228); Wheeler Hall basement

(774-1002)

E. http://writingcenter.cmich.edu
http://www.lib.cmich.edu/departments/reference/http://www.lib.cmich.edu/departments/reference/http://www.lib.cmich.edu/departments/reference/http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocChicago.htmlhttp://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocChicago.htmlhttp://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocChicago.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/12/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/12/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/12/http://writingcenter.cmich.edu/http://writingcenter.cmich.edu/http://writingcenter.cmich.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/12/http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocChicago.htmlhttp://www.lib.cmich.edu/departments/reference/

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